Laidlaw College

ESA’s EarthCARE satellite mission launched in May 2024 and carrying Atmospheric LIDar (ATLID) provides high-resolution vertical profiling of aerosols and clouds at 355 nm. Fully operational since August 2024, ATLID has been witness to a significant perturbation of stratospheric aerosol budget following the eruptions of Ruang volcano (Indonesia) in late April 2024 as well as to a major panboreal outbreak of wildfire-generated pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events in Canada and Siberia in late May 2025 that had a hemisphere-scale impact on stratospheric aerosol loading and composition. Using ATLID L1B data together with limb-viewing satellite observations (OMPS-LP and SAGE III), we quantify the stratospheric aerosol perturbations generated by these events, characterize the long-range transport of volcanic and smoke aerosols and contrast their optical properties and dynamical evolution. To evaluate the ATLID performance in the stratosphere, its data are compared with collocated lidar observations at various locations in both hemispheres and overpass-coordinated balloon flights in France carrying in situ aerosol sensors. The intercomparison with suborbital observations suggests excellent performance of ATLID in the stratosphere and proves its capacity to accurately resolve fine structures in the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosols.ATLID observations of the global progression of volcanic and wildfire aerosols align closely with those from OMPS-LP and SAGE III, while uniquely providing continuous coverage through polar night. We show that Ruang aerosols were subject to an unusually massive isentropic transport into the southern extratropics and were most probably entrained by the 2025 Antarctic polar vortex, potentially enhancing the polar stratospheric cloud occurrence and Antarctic ozone hole.The stratospheric aftermath of the 2025 panboreal wildfire outbreak (POW) was characterized through a synergy of ATLID and ground-based lidar observations within ACTRIS and NDACC networks. The lidar measurements consistently report record-breaking values of stratospheric aerosol backscatter and AOD during the passage of the most intense Canadian pyroCb plume. This plume displayed a pronounced warm anomaly, linked to strong solar absorption by black carbon, and underwent diabatic self-lofting from ~13 km to 20 km altitude. ATLID further indicates that smoke aerosols dispersed across the northern extratropical stratosphere and may have penetrated into the tropics.

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> We present an updated evaluation of stratospheric ozone profile trends in the 60&deg;S&ndash;60&deg;N latitude range using long-term ground-based and satellite climate data records, as well as simulations by chemistry-climate models. The trends are evaluated using the LOTUS (Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere) regression model. Analyses of satellite data confirm statistically significant positive ozone trends in the period 2000&ndash;2024 in the upper stratosphere of ~1&ndash;3% decade^-1, with larger trends at mid-latitudes compared to the tropics. The trends are slightly positive or close to zero in the middle stratosphere, and mostly negative, &minus;1&ndash;2% decade^-1, in the lower stratosphere; but they are not statistically significant. The ozone trends are similar to previous analyses (2000&ndash;2020 trends). Ozone trends in 2000&ndash;2024 predicted by climate model simulations are in good agreement with combined satellite trends. In the upper stratosphere, models predict a slightly stronger ozone recovery than observations. In the lower stratosphere, both models and satellite observations report negative trends of in the tropics, while modelled ozone trends are slightly positive at mid-latitudes. Ozone profile trends over several stations estimated from ground-based records capture the same overall vertical pattern of ozone trends as merged gridded satellite datasets. Analyses of regional ozone trends in 2003&ndash;2024 using merged satellite datasets confirmed the previous observations of a longitudinal structure in ozone trends in the NH mid-latitude stratosphere, with positive trends over Scandinavia and negative trends over Siberia. However, the magnitude of this dipole-like structure is reduced compared to previous analyses.

Employing textual analysis of the “short-term vision” vocabulary in annual reports, we investigate the impact of managerial myopia on firm innovation and performance. Our results indicate that managerial myopia hampers innovation, and this result remains robust across a battery of robustness checks. Managerial myopia also weakens the positive impact of innovation on firm growth, and value in the long run. We find that state ownership and good corporate governance mitigate the negative impact of managerial myopia. The evidence supports the upper echelon theory and time orientation theoretical framework. This paper enriches the research on the influencing factors of corporate innovation, by providing evidence that people’s perception of time affects decision making and provides support for government ownership and strong corporate governance practices in alleviating the negative consequences of managerial myopia.

Conservation of large and iconic species in developing nations captures a considerable share of international funding. Flagship species with charismatic appeal and ecological importance, such as the Tiger, Elephant, Panda and Leopard, are used to get attention and funds. Although there are benefits, this approach also presents challenges by diverting attention from the broader ecosystem, including prey and habitat. Most flagship species-based approaches ignore key aspects of other species conservation and their ecosystem. Therefore, this paper discusses the effects that large mammal/flagship species-centred conservation funding has on developing nations and considers various integrated strategies for developing sustainable ecological outcomes. We do not intend to discourage flagship species-focused fundraising initiatives, but suggest that governments and other conservation authorities should expand their focus to wider ecological systems aspects such as habitat, prey-predator populations and human-wildlife interactions. This offers opportunities to bridge the gap between traditional ecosystem-based and individual species-based approaches and develop sustainable conservation funding strategies in which flagship species can serve as financial catalysts without detracting from, and preferably enhancing, ecosystem-level goals and give equal priorities for other species in developing countries.

When the risen Christ appears to his disciples, he offers the marks of his crucifixion as proof of physical resurrection and tokens of recognition but also as confronting symbols of trauma and suffering. Comparisons have been drawn between the appearance of the post-resurrection Christ and the expectations of those shaped by the Greco-Roman tradition to explain both the nature and function of these “marks” as scars. I argue that there are significant dissonances between the representation of scars and death-wounds narrated in Greco-Roman literature and the account of the above-world body of the resurrected Christ in the book of John. These differences impel us to read the “marks” on the body of the resurrected Christ as transfigured wounds rather than scars, with important implications for their narrative function and characterisation of Christ. The startling disjuncture here is that the fullness of life experienced in the world above, as exemplified in the post-resurrection Christ, is not incompatible with woundedness. This points toward a redefinition of what that life might entail, particularly as it relates to trauma, disability, and impairment and also for broader conceptions of authority, honor, and resolution in this world here below.

Current approaches to assessing potential non-target risks associated with biological control agents are conservative, and they often rely on oviposition experiments conducted in quarantine laboratories. By their nature, such tests offer robust evidence of a parasitoid’s ability to attack and develop in a host. However, they exclude many important chemical cues present in the natural environment, which play a key role in the ability of a parasitoid to search for and locate hosts. We conducted a series of experiments with Trissolcus basalis and Trissolcus oenone to better understand the chemical basis mediating differences in host-specificity between these parasitoids. First, we compared the searching behaviour of T. basalis and T. oenone in open arena arrestment bioassays contaminated with footprint compounds of Nezara viridula or Cuspicona simplex. Trissolcus basalis spent four times longer searching for N. viridula than C. simplex, while T. oenone spent four times longer searching for C. simplex than N. viridula. We then conducted competition experiments to assess factors important to determining the outcomes of extrinsic and intrinsic contests between these parasitoids when they are simultaneously exposed to C. simplex egg masses. Trissolcus oenone was the superior competitor in extrinsic and intrinsic contests. Finally, we recorded the antennal responses of T. basalis to egg extracts of N. viridula, to tentatively identify potential contact kairomones used by this parasitoid to recognise and accept hosts. We discuss our results in the context of combining behavioural and chemical ecological techniques for pre-release risk assessments of classical biological control agents.

Abstract Contemporary diet culture is detrimental to many Western men and women, though women are disproportionately impacted. This results in poor body image, low self‐esteem, and unhealthy lifestyles. Christian discourse is not immune to the influence of diet culture, with many popular Christian pastors and authors adopting this paradigm and seeking to align it with a Christian worldview. When an understanding of a human being as an anthropological duality is brought to bear on the issue of diet culture, a more consistently Christian anthropology can resource a healthier view of the embodied self and provide resources for a robust Christian response to diet culture.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Seclusion is a harmful and traumatising intervention for people accessing mental health services. People who are subject to seclusion in inpatient mental health services often first experience this within the first 24 h following admission. There is limited research examining how recent contact with services impacts the likelihood of seclusion when people are admitted to inpatient services. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Males, Māori and Pasifika experience higher rates of seclusion within the first 24 h following inpatient admission. People perceived by clinicians as overactive, aggressive, disruptive or agitated are seven times more likely to be secluded within the first 24 h. People referred from police or justice services are three times more likely to be secluded within the first 24 h. People who had frequent contact with community mental health services prior to inpatient admission were less likely to be secluded. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The first 24 h of inpatient admission is a critical focus for eliminating the use of seclusion. Initial interactions with people recently admitted should focus on nurturing relationships and reducing distress. Mental health staff should consider the person's cultural needs, referral pathway, recent service contact and baseline ratings on the Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales (HoNOS) when working proactively to prevent the use of seclusion in the first 24 h following admission. Strengthening the focus on nurturing relationships, cultural understanding and non-coercive de-escalation approaches requires leadership support and strategic workforce development. ABSTRACT: Introduction People who experience seclusion in inpatient mental health services often do so within the first 24 h following admission. There is limited research examining the potential contributing factors, particularly recent contact with services. Aim/Question To identify factors associated with seclusion within the first 24 h following admission into acute inpatient mental health services. Method A retrospective analysis was undertaken using routinely collected data from Aotearoa New Zealand mental health services. Results A higher likelihood of seclusion within the first 24 h following admission was associated with: males, Māori, Pasifika, referrals from police/justice services, inpatient transfers, recent contact with crisis assessment teams and clinician perceptions of aggression, problematic substance use, cognitive problems and hallucinations or delusions. Recent contact with community mental health services was associated with a lower likelihood. Discussion People's cultural needs, referral pathway, recent service contact and HoNOS scores should be considered when working to prevent the use of seclusion in the first 24 h following admission. Implications for Practice The first 24 h following inpatient admission is a critical period for preventing the use of seclusion. Nurturing relationships, cultural understanding and use of non-coercive de-escalation approaches can support better outcomes for people recently admitted.

Abstract Between 1756 and 1840, philanthropy in the British world grew from a domain of small, associational committees, to a vast enterprise of philanthropic and humanitarian societies with global reach. This book traces how philanthropy emerged from intersecting family, religious, and commercial networks, how clusters of entrepreneurial and intellectual collaboration—such as the Clapham Sect—formed and operated within these networks, and how philanthropy expanded globally and developed a common formative culture through transnational projects and networks. It frames the growth of philanthropy as a series of experiments in effecting social change, from which emerged distinctive models of non-profit organization, increasingly interconnected networks, the idea of the ‘philanthropist’ as a vocation and identity, and a common intellectual framework for understanding the globalizing world centred on notions of ‘trust’. By contextualizing the worlds of key figures such as John and Henry Thornton, William Wilberforce, and Sir James Stephen, drawing together their inner lives, social networks, and global imaginations, British Philanthropy in the Globalizing World tells the story of how philanthropy developed as a movement, and how activist networks seeking social and cultural change operate in the modern world.

How do pre-service teachers practice culturally-responsive critical pedagogy in the classroom? This study of two pre-service teachers investigated a professional practice placement that followed theory courses. The research found five applications of culturally-responsive critical pedagogy: reflecting on self and identity; centring ākonga (learners); uplifting culture; developing critical consciousness; and improving academic outcomes for non-dominant culture learners. However, the pre-service teachers placed varied emphasis on those applications, including not engaging with the achievement application. The research offers concrete practice examples of culturally-responsive critical pedagogy by pre-service teachers, and questions the assumption that novice pre-service teachers have the skills to enact theory-to-practice.