Lakka (Finland)

Bamboo shoot fermentation is a traditional process that transforms nutrient-rich, but potentially toxic, shoots into safe and palatable foods. The main challenge addressed by this method is the presence of antinutritional factors such as cyanogenic glycosides, which can release toxic hydrogen cyanide if not removed. Indigenous and local communities use a combination of boiling, soaking, slicing, drying, and especially fermentation to reduce these harmful compounds. Fermentation, driven by beneficial microorganisms like lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, lowers the pH and breaks down toxins, improving safety and imparting distinctive flavours and textures. This process not only enhances food safety and sensory qualities but also increases nutrient bioavailability and introduces probiotics, benefiting digestive health. The traditional knowledge behind these practices supports both community health and the development of safe, marketable bamboo shoot products, ensuring this valuable heritage continues sustainably.

The study was conducted during May–June, 2025 at the Dihing Patkai landscape of Assam on the development and validation of an Elephant Deworming KAP Scale involved in the care of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). An initial pool of 42 items was generated through literature review, field observation, and expert consultation. Following content validation by 10 experts, 30 items (10 each for knowledge, attitude, and perception) were retained, all achieving a Scale Content Validity Index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) above 0.90. Knowledge items, scored on a 3-point scale, showed acceptable difficulty (p=0.43–0.73) and discrimination (r>0.30) indices, with three items flagged for refinement. Attitude and perception items, measured on a 5-point Likert scale with both positive and negative statements, demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.90 and 0.89, respectively). Pretesting and pilot testing were conducted with 20 elephant caregivers to ensure the tool’s clarity and usability. Pilot testing revealed moderate levels of knowledge (56.83%), attitude (63.20%), and perception (61.00%), which resulted in an overall moderate KAP score of 60.88%. These results indicated that, elephant handlers possessed a moderate degree of awareness and attitudes toward deworming practices. Nonetheless, the findings underscored the need for targeted educational interventions to further improve knowledge and perception levels. The validated KAP scale demonstrated strong reliability and was deemed a suitable instrument for future behavioural assessments and program evaluations aimed at enhancing elephant health management in similar contexts.

We propose a framework to address the observed baryon asymmetry considering neutrinos as Dirac particles and dark matter to be self-interacting. The Standard Model is extended by U(1)B−L × U(1)D symmetry. In addition to the three right-handed neutrinos, the Standard Model particle content is extended by two more fermion fields; one of them is a S U(2) singlet and the other one is S U(2) doublet, both charged under the extended symmetry. A Z2 symmetry is imposed under which the doublet is positive while the singlet is negative. The singlet, being the lightest dark sector particle, acts as the dark matter. The U(1)D symmetry of the dark sector is spontaneously broken and the corresponding gauge boson Z′ not only mediates the self-interaction among dark matter particles, but also facilitates the annihilation of the symmetric component of dark matter. CP-violating out of equilibrium decay of another heavy Z2 odd S U(2) scalar doublet N into leptonic and dark sectors produce the observed baryon asymmetry and dark matter density. Moreover, Z′ also mixes with the standard model Z-boson opening up a portal for the direct detection of dark matter.

In the era of digital transformation, the increasing vulnerability of infrastructure and applications is often tied to the lack of technical capability and the improved intelligence of attackers. In this paper, we discuss the complementarity between static security monitoring of rule matching and an application of self-supervised machine learning to cybersecurity. Moreover, we analyze the context and challenges of supply chain resilience and smart logistics. Furthermore, we put this interplay between the two complementary methods in the context of a self-learning and self-healing approach.

Dalam cerpen terdapat unsur-unsur yang membangun cerpen yaitu tema, penokohan, alur dan bahasa yang digunakan. Unsur tersebut memiliki hubungan fungsional dalam membangun cerita sehingga menghasilkan pemaknaan yang utuh terhadap karya. Pendekatan Objektif ialah Pendekatan yang memandang dan menelaah sastra dari segi intrinsik yang membangun sebuah karya sastra. yaitu tema, alur, latar, Penokohan dan gaya Bahasa. Langkah- Langkah dalam penerapan objektif antara lain yaitu Langkah pertama seorang yang menganalisis harus mengetahui tema apa yang akan di analisinya. Langkah kedua melakukan analisis terhadap usur- unsur yang terdaat dalam unsur intrinsik, seperti tema, alur, latar, Penokohan dan gaya Bahasa. langkah ketiga mengaitkan hasil analisisnya berdasarkan unsur – unsur yang di analisis.

Introduction: Alginate is a biopolymer commonly in brown algae, high content, diversity in structure and bioactivity. They are applied to other fields such as food, functional food, pharmaceuticals, and heavy industry and extracted from Sargassum, Laminarin, Tubinaria and Sargassum polycystum species commonly grow in the world than another genus. The content, the antioxidant activity, and the physical chemistry properties of alginate extracting from the species did not exhibit in the previous studies.
 Methods: The study focused on the impact of various extraction conditions (temperature (40 to 90,oC), time (01 to 06, hours), the solvent-to-material ratio (10/1 to 40/1, v/w), solvent pH (8, 9, 10), and numbers of extraction (1, 2, and 3 times) on alginate content and its antioxidant activity, also evaluated sugar compositions, average molecular, viscosity, and 13C-NMR spectrum characteristics of alginate.
 Results: The results showed that the suitable condition for the extraction of alginate was for 4 hours at 60oC with the ratio of Na2CO3 (pH 9)-to-material (40/1, v/w) and one number of extraction. The highest alginate content was 176.22 mg uronic acid equivalent/g DW, corresponding to antioxidant activity (188.54 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW). Alginate possessed the intrinsic viscosity (271.86, ƞ) and the average molecular weight (78.6, kD). Different sugar compositions of antioxidant alginate were fructose, fucose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, and glucose. The 13C-NMR spectrum of antioxidant alginate exhibited chemical shifts of C sites of D-mannuronic (M) and L-guluronic (G), corresponded to C1, C2, C6, and C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, respectively.
 Conclusion: Alginate is non-toxic, therefore, antioxidant alginate extracting from brown algae Sargassum polycystum grown in Vietnam is a potential in functional food and pharmaceuticals.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the Bedouin educational system from the leadership context and its relation with professional development and to test professional development impact on teachers' practice. The research relies on the theory of full range leadership model and professional development and teaching practice.

<h3>Background:</h3> Although the metabolic syndrome can predict cardiovascular events in middle-aged individuals, data on its association with the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, particularly in elderly women, are limited. We investigated the association of the metabolic syndrome with the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in elderly women. <h3>Methods:</h3> We performed a 12-year follow-up study in a population-based sample of 101 women (age range at baseline, 60-70 years). All study variables were measured at baseline and 12 years later. We used the National Cholesterol Education Program definition for metabolic syndrome (≥3 of 5 risk factors) and quantified carotid IMT noninvasively by ultrasonography. <h3>Results:</h3> The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased from 13% at baseline to 46% after 12 years of follow-up (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The mean ± SD IMT increased by 21% (from 1.05 ± 0.31 mm to 1.27 ± 0.38 mm) during 12 years (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Among the individuals without metabolic syndrome at baseline, the increase in carotid IMT was greater in 34 women who developed metabolic syndrome during 12 years (0.31 ± 0.37 mm) than in 54 women who did not (0.16 ± 0.25 mm) after adjustment for age, prevalent cardiovascular diseases, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, use of cholesterol-lowering medication, carotid IMT, and National Cholesterol Education Program metabolic risk score at baseline (<i>P</i> = .04 for difference). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Incident metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated progression of carotid IMT in elderly women.

P68 Obesity is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but the relative importance of overall and abdominal obesity is unclear. Abdominal obesity has been linked to several atherogenic disorders through which it could increase coronary risk. We investigated the associations of overall and abdominal obesity with the risk of acute coronary events and possible biological mechanisms underlying the relationships in a prospective population-based study among 1346 men aged 42-60 years in Finland. Body mass index (BMI) was used as a measure of overall obesity and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) were used as measures of abdominal obesity. Data on acute coronary events were obtained by computer linkage to national hospital discharge and death certificate registers. There were 111 acute coronary events during an average follow up of 10 years. Men with the WHR of 0.91-0.94, 0.95-0.98 and &gt;0.98 (three highest quartiles) had a 3.34-fold (95% CI 1.57-7.10, p=0.002), 2.97-fold (1.39-6.34, 0.005) and 3.40-fold (1.61-7.18, 0.001) risk of acute coronary events, respectively, compared with men with the WHR of &lt;0.91 (lowest quartile) adjusting for confounders. Men with the WC of 83.5-89.5 cm, 90.0-95.5 cm and &gt;95.5 cm (three highest quartiles) had a 1.29-fold (0.71-2.37), 1.70-fold (0.96-3.02) and 1.94-fold (1.10-3.40, 0.021) risk of acute coronary events compared with men with the WC of &lt;83.5 cm (lowest quartile). These associations were partly explained by serum HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, fasting serum insulin, plasma fibrinogen and serum uric acid. BMI had a markedly weaker association with coronary risk than WHR or WC. Men with both overall and abdominal obesity (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m 2 and WHR ≥0.91) had a 4.56-fold risk of acute coronary events compared with men without obesity. This study indicates that even mild abdominal obesity is independently associated with increased risk of CHD, and that the association is partly explained by other coronary risk factors. This study also suggests that abdominal obesity has a stronger association with coronary risk than overall obesity.