Land Quality Management

This chapter focuses on the carbon emission management of enterprises and discusses how to ensure the security of the supply chain. The supply chain is very important to every enterprise, so it is necessary for enterprises to ensure the security of the supply chain and improve the resilience of the supply chain. However, due to changes in the global environment, governments of various countries require enterprises to pay attention to carbon emission management. Enterprises need to reduce emissions while ensuring the security of the supply chain, which is a huge challenge for enterprises. Therefore, starting from the security of the supply chain, this article discusses the challenges faced by enterprises in carbon emissions in the supply chain, analyzes the current corporate cases in the world that effectively manage carbon emissions in the supply chain, and draws some suggestions.

Industry Revolution 5.0 (IR 5.0) represents the next step in the evolution of industrial practices, focusing on human-centered innovation, sustainability, and the integration of advanced digital technologies with human intelligence. While Industry 4.0 emphasized the automation and connectivity of machines (IoT, AI, big data), IR 5.0 emphasizes synergy between humans and technology, fostering personalized solutions and sustainable growth. The roadmap of IR 5.0 involves several critical aspects: human-machine collaboration, AI-driven innovation, sustainability, ethical concerns, and new industrial standards.

PurposeBusiness process re-engineering (BPR) initiatives are complex endeavours which require many factors to ensure success. However, most studies focus on the organisational processes and improvement within the organisation itself and less on the project team and management dynamics. The study aimed to identify factors that enabled the completion of a BPR, in a technical firm, based on reflections on the project management style.Design/methodology/approachThe study entailed a descriptive and interpretive case study with reflections from project team members. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.FindingsFindings revealed that critical success factors for BPR in a technical firm include project leadership and sponsorship, organisational culture and attributes, team dynamics and the nature (activities), and duration of the process.Practical implicationsThe findings will benefit project managers in improving their competence and project success through reflective practice. The identified factors could be used in future projects of a similar nature and size to improve how organisations execute BPR projects.Originality/valueThe study used reflections to identify success factors for BPR in a technical firm.

Current farm systems rely on the use of Plant Protection Products (PPP) to secure high productivity and control threats to the quality of the crops. However, PPP use may have considerable impacts on human health and the environment. A study protocol is presented aiming to determine the occurrence and levels of PPP residues in plants (crops), animals (livestock), humans and other non-target species (ecosystem representatives) for exposure modelling and impact assessment. To achieve this, we designed a cross-sectional study to compare conventional and organic farm systems across Europe. Environmental and biological samples were/are being/will be collected during the 2021 growing season, at 10 case study sites in Europe covering a range of climate zones and crops. An additional study site in Argentina will inform the impact of PPP use on growing soybean which is an important European protein-source in animal feed. We will study the impact of PPP mixtures using an integrated risk assessment methodology. The fate of PPP in environmental media (soil, water and air) and in the homes of farmers will be monitored. This will be complemented by biomonitoring to estimate PPP uptake by humans and farm animals (cow, goat, sheep and chicken), and by collection of samples from non-target species (earthworms, fish, aquatic and terrestrial macroinvertebrates, bats, and farm cats). We will use data on PPP residues in environmental and biological matrices to estimate exposures by modelling. These exposure estimates together with health and toxicity data will be used to predict the impact of PPP use on environment, plant, animal and human health. The outcome of this study will then be integrated with socio-economic information leading to an overall assessment used to identify transition pathways towards more sustainable plant protection and inform decision makers, practitioners and other stakeholders regarding farming practices and land use policy.

Abstract Intelligence in manufacturing enables the optimization and configuration of processes, and a goal of future smart manufacturing is to enable processes to configure themselves – called self-configuration. This paper describes a framework for utilising data to make decisions for the self-configuration of a production system device in a smart production environment. A data pipeline is proposed that connects the production system via a gateway to a cloud computing platform for machine learning and data analytics. Agent technology is used to implement the framework for this data pipeline. This is illustrated by a data oriented self-configuration solution for an industrial use-case based on a device used at a testing station in a production system. This research presents possible direction towards realising self-configuration in production systems.KeywordsData analyticsSmart manufacturingAgent technologyConfiguration

ABSTRAK Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, baik berupa sumber daya alam pulih maupun yang tidak pulih. Industri pertambangan adalah salah satu aktivitas yang bergerak dalam mengolah sumber daya alam yang tidak pulih yang dapat memberikan dampak positif maupun negatif baik dari sisi sosial, ekonomi maupun lingkungan. Air asam tambang adalah salah satu dampak dari industri pertambangan yang harus ditangani secara serius yang terbentuk akibat reaksi mineral sulfida (pirit) dan logam berat yang terpapar ke media air dan udara yang berasal dari batuan yang terbuka pada saat aktivitas penambangan berlangsung. Sejak tahun 2013, tambang emas Martabe telah menerapkan manajemen air asam tambang (AAT) dalam konstruksi bendungan TSF dengan enkapsulasi sederhana yang dirancang dengan dua kategori utama batuan PAF (Potential Acid Forming) dan NAF (Non Acid Forming) sebagai bagian dari material tanggul TSF konstruksi hilir dan juga mengembangkan basis data karakteristik geokimia material waste di lokasi tambang emas Martabe. NAPP (Net Acid Production Potential) adalah metode standar industri yang digunakan untuk menentukan potensi untuk mengoksidasi dan menghasilkan bahan limbah asam, yang nantinya akan ditempatkan di bendungan TSF dengan metode enkapsulasi. Metode ini bertujuan untuk membungkus material sulfida beresiko tinggi yang sedang di tambang di Martabe dengan lapisan penyegel (sealing layer) dengan mengambil keuntungan dari iklim (curah hujan yang tinggi) dan sifat material ROM (run of mine). Konstruksi lapisan penyegelan dan penjadwalan material waste dilakukan dengan pengembangan strategi operasional pengelolaan limbah yang terperinci dan terintegrasi. Monitoring rutin dengan instrument WRSF (Waste Rock Storage Facility) untuk pengukuran oksigen dan juga dari pengukuran kualitas air menunjukkan kalau enkapsulasi material waste pada embakment TSF berhasil mencegah pembentukan air asam tambang. Kata kunci: material waste, air asam tambang, naf, paf, bendungan tailing, model enkapsulasi ABSTRACT Indonesia is a country that is rich in natural resources, both in renewable and non-renewable. The mining industry is one of the activities that is engaged in processing non-renewable natural resources that can have positive and negative impacts both in terms of social, economic and environmental aspects. Acid mine drainage is one of the impacts of the mining industry which must be dealt with seriously which is formed due to the reaction of sulfide minerals (pyrite) and heavy metals which is exposed with water and air from rocks during mining activities.Since 2013, the Martabe gold mine has implemented mine acid drainage management (AMD) in TSF dam construction with simple encapsulation designed, with two main categories of PAF (Potential Acid Forming) and NAF (Non Acid Forming) rocks as part of construction TSF embankment material downstream and also develop the geochemical characteristics database of waste material at the Martabe gold mine site. NAPP (Net Acid Production Potential) value is an industry standard method to determine the potential to oxidize and produce acid waste materials, which will be placed in the TSF dam by encapsulation model. This method aims to wrap the high risk sulfide material in a mine at Martabe sealing layer to take advantage of both the climate (high rai fall) and material properties of run of mine (ROM). The construction of sealing layer and scheduling of waste is made possible by the development a detailed and integrated operational waste management strategy. Routine monitoring with the WRSF (Waste Rock Storage Facility) instrument for measuring oxygen and also from measurements of water quality shows that the encapsulation of waste material in TSF embankments successfully prevents the formation of acid mine drainage. Key words: waste materials, acid mine drainage, naf, paf, tailing storage facility, encapsulation model

The blasting and excavation of rock at mine sites generates a heterogeneous waste/ore product with a wide range of particle sizes. The study of the particle size profile generated as a result of mining is typically termed ‘fragmentation analysis’. Although the potential for material geochemical properties to vary with grain size as a result of the mining process has long been known, the concept is not commonly subject to detailed analysis. As a result, it is typical at the mine planning stage for both waste and ore materials to be represented within mine block models and schedules as comprising monolithic blocks with respect to geochemical properties. However, significant changes to material properties that do occur as a result of fragmentation have the potential to significantly alter both the environmental risk profile and economics of the proposed mine plan. This paper discusses the application of modern fragmentation analysis techniques to the characterisation, management and long-term planning of waste rock. Detailed laboratory-based heterogeneity testing including geochemical, compositional and quantitative mineralogical analysis has been twinned with fragmentation data to assess properties of as-mined waste at two operational sites. The results presented herein highlight the importance of incorporating fragmentation analysis into the process of setting and validating cutoff grades for ore and waste, and in particular the management of low-grade ore. Opportunities are identified for recovery of resources that would otherwise have been discarded and removal of high-risk material from the waste rock stream. The results indicate that, at a high level, the use of a grade-weighted cutoff grade approach to waste modelling requires careful consideration before being relied upon to estimate environmental risks from mining. Further, the study indicates the benefits of the integration of a robust validation program into waste characterisation and grade control systems to both manage risk and optimise project economics.