Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt Speyer

Abstract Background Fendioxypyracil is a novel protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)–inhibiting herbicide (HRAC Group 14) developed to address the increasing prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds and to expand available weed control options. PPO inhibitors disrupt chlorophyll biosynthesis by blocking the conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX, resulting in light-promoted formation of reactive oxygen species and rapid plant necrosis. Building on established PPO chemistry, fendioxypyracil incorporates a pyridine-based core and an aryloxy sidechain designed to enhance binding affinity and post-emergence activity. Results Greenhouse evaluations demonstrated high efficacy of fendioxypyracil against key grass weeds, including wild oat ( Avena fatua ), crabrass ( Digitaria Sanginalis ), goosegrass ( Eleusina indica ) and barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ), as well as strong control of major broadleaf species. Physiological characterization and enzyme inhibition assays confirmed PPO as the primary site and mode of action, with IC₅₀ values lower than those of the commercial standard saflufenacil for both PPO isoforms. Conclusion Fendioxypyracil represents a next-generation PPO inhibitor with broad-spectrum and systemic activity, offering a valuable new tool for integrated weed management. Its high biological activity and efficacy across multiple weed taxa supports its potential to enhance on-farm weed control strategies and contributes to resistance management programs.

Nurse migration from low- and middle-income countries to high-income nations is a significant global phenomenon. This study aimed to examine the opportunities and challenges faced by Albanian nurses during their work integration after migrating to Germany. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted using convenience sampling with a snowball recruitment technique. A total of 162 Albanian nurses working in Germany, mostly female and married, participated in the survey. The findings revealed that the overall integration process was satisfactory, particularly regarding the recognition of professional qualifications, respect from colleagues, patients, and families, career opportunities, and autonomy at work. The host institutions supported integration through mentorship programs, language training, procedural training, and education on the German healthcare system. However, nurses reported challenges in medical terminologies, telephone communication, and healthcare documentation. The participants expressed the need for more comprehensive pre-departure information to facilitate smoother transitions. The study highlights the pivotal role of managers and institutions in the integration process and in creating inclusive and equitable work environments. Germany serves as a model for implementing effective integration activities for migrant nurses. Albania must adopt stronger strategies to retain nurses within the country and enhance its human capital by improving the working conditions and providing career development opportunities. Future research is recommended to explore the integration processes of Albanian nurses across other European countries. Subsequent studies should concentrate on identifying and addressing potential barriers to integration while fostering opportunities for collaboration between the origin and destination countries. Such research can contribute to academic, political, and social frameworks that enhance the migration experience for migrant nurses.

Background: Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the most severe secondary complications of diabetes mellitus. It is currently treated with improvement and maintenance of good glycemic control, pain drugs, antibiotics, and drugs and surgical measures to improve the vascular blood flow into the legs. In late stages, foot amputation (in part or total) is the only means to safe the patient’s life. Case Report: A 56-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes for more than 40 years, suffered from diabetic foot syndrome with complete closure of the arteria fibularis and a non-healing foot ulcer at the left leg. The need for lower ankle amputation was already determined. We tried to improve the vascular situation by means of a series of intravenous hyaluronidase infusions over a period of three weeks. An immediate improvement of the general condition was observed. The ulcer healed completely within 8 weeks, and a re-opening of the previously closed vessel as well as further additional collateral blood-flow into the left foot could be determined by means of an angiogram six months later. Discussion: The observed beneficial impact of intravenous hyaluronidase treatment on atherosclerotic lesions can be explained by the molecular action of the enzyme on the glycocalix, the extracellular hyaluronan layer that separates the endothelial cells from the blood stream. Successful treatment of DFS with hyaluronidase infusions has been reported already 50 years ago but research on this topic ceased, when stents and other apparently more compelling vascular treatment methods were detected. Conclusions: In a severe case of DFS, we were able to re-open a critical arterial vessel and improve the entire vascular blood flow by means of intravenous hyaluronidase infusions. Clinical studies are required to confirm the value of hyaluronidase infusions as treatment alternative to amputation for DFS.

Subsidence is a known reason for early failure of total hip arthroplasty (THA). In particular, cementless THA might be vulnerable to migration. The present study analysed femoral stem subsidence after primary cementless THA. Prosthetic and anatomical risk factors for early femoral stem subsidence were evaluated. Two hundred thirty-one consecutive patients who underwent primary cementless THA in a single centre were retrospectively analysed. Post-operative results were evaluated in consideration of prosthetic and anatomical properties in correlation with subsidence on standing pelvic anteroposterior radiographs. Stem type and design, demographic data, BMI, canal flare index (CFI) and canal fill ratio (CFR) were evaluated. The subsidence rate was significantly higher in collarless femoral stems [3.1mm (SD 2.8mm) vs. 1.9mm (SD 1.5mm); p = 0.013] while the anatomical type of the proximal femur as described by the canal flare index did not influenced subsidence (p = 0.050). Also, the canal fill ratio showed no significant correlation with subsidence at any level. In the present study, stem subsidence was significantly higher in the collarless group compared to collared stems. No anatomical parameter (CFI and CFR) could be identified as risk factor for subsidence. Neither age nor BMI influenced subsidence in this cohort. Still, subgroup analysis indicated a sex-dependent role of BMI. Prospective studies of large cohorts should address the problem of subsidence in the future. Retrospective therapeutic study, Level IV.

The article contains sections titled: 1. Standard Fertilizers 1.1. Solid Fertilizers 1.1.1. Straight Fertilizers 1.1.2. Multinutrient Fertilizers 1.1.3. Lime Fertilizers 1.1.4. Magnesium Fertilizers 1.2. Liquid Fertilizers 1.2.1. Nitrogen Liquids 1.2.2. Multinutrient Liquids 1.2.2.1. NP Liquids 1.2.2.2. NPK Liquids 1.2.2.3. UAS Liquids 1.2.3. Suspensions 2. Special Fertilizers 2.1. Water-Soluble Nutrient Salts 2.2. Foliar Fertilizers 2.2.1. Production 2.2.2. Application 2.2.3. Combination with Agricultural Pesticides 2.3. Micronutrients 2.3.1. Micronutrient Forms 2.3.2. Production 2.3.3. Commercial Fertilizers 2.3.4. Use 2.4. Slow- and Controlled-Release Fertilizers 2.4.1. Introduction 2.4.2. Urea–Aldehyde Slow-Release Fertilizers 2.4.2.1. Urea–Formaldehyde Condensation Products 2.4.2.2. Other Urea–Aldehyde Condensation Products 2.4.2.3. Further Processing of Urea–Aldehyde Condensates 2.4.3. Other Organic Chemicals 2.4.4. Inorganic Compounds 2.4.5. Coated and Encapsulated Controlled-Release Fertilizers 2.4.5.1. Sulfur-Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizers 2.4.5.2. Sulfur-Coated, Polymer-Encapsulated Controlled-Release Fertilizers 2.4.5.3. Polymer-Encapsulated Controlled-Release Fertilizers 2.4.6. Anti-Float Materials 2.4.7. Controlled-Release Fertilizers on Carriers 2.4.8. Supergranules 2.4.9. Legislation 2.5. Nitrification and Urease Inhibitors 2.5.1. Introduction 2.5.2. Types of Nitrification and Urease Inhibitors 2.5.3. Pyridines 2.5.3.1. Nitrapyrin 2.5.3.2. Other Pyridines 2.5.4. Dicyandiamide 2.5.5. Pyrazoles 2.5.5.1. 1-Carbamoyl-3-methylpyrazole 2.5.5.2. Outlook 2.5.6. Neem/Neem-Coated Urea 2.5.7. Urease Inhibitors 2.5.8. Environmental Aspects 2.5.9. Legal Requirements 2.6. Organic Fertilizers (Secondary Raw Material Fertilizers) 2.6.1. Fertilizers Based on Peat or Materials of Similar Stability 2.6.2. Fertilizers Based on Waste Materials of Animal Origin 2.6.3. Fertilizers Based on Wastes of Plant Origin 2.6.4. Fertilizers Based on Municipal Waste 2.7. Manure 2.7.1. Composition 2.7.2. Manure Nutrient Efficiency 2.7.3. Environmental Aspects