Lasy Państwowe

In 1922, elections to the Sejm and Senate were held in Poland. The voting took place on November 5 and 12, respectively. In the Sejm elections, Śmigiel County was part of the electoral district no. 36, along with Szamotuły, Czarnków, Chodzież, Międzychód, Nowy Tomyśl, Grodzisk, and Wolsztyn Counties. In the Senate elections, the whole Poznań Region formed the electoral district no. 35. In Śmigiel and neighboring towns, numerous campaign rallies were held, mainly organized by the ChZJN, NPR, and PSL “Piast” parties. The definite winner of the parliamentary elections in Śmigiel County was ChZJN (Christian Union of National Unity). The turnout was high, placing Śmigiel County at the top of national rankings. The paper is based on archival sources and press reports.

Ostrów Lednicki was a centre of the Piast dynasty (tenth–fourteenth centuries AD), laying the foundations for the development of the Polish state. A collapsed tenth-century wooden fortification associated with Bolesław the Brave (the first king of Poland) and its unique sculptural element provide insights into early-medieval construction techniques.

This paper develops the concept of Brahmam Mirror Numbers (BMNs), a class of integers defined through a mirror-product operation in which a number is multiplied by its digit-reversed counterpart. When this product forms a decimal palindrome, the number is classified as a BMN. This operation connects digit reversal, reflective symmetry, and multiplicative structure, creating an interesting foundation for studying digit-based transformations. In this work, we identify a central modular identity governing these behaviours, referred to as the Mirror Harmony Mod-9 Law. Through digit-sum properties and congruence arguments, we show that for any integer, the mirror product is always congruent to the square of the number modulo nine. As a result, every mirror product must lie within the set of quadratic residues modulo nine: {0, 1, 4, 7}. This restriction holds universally and remains valid whether or not the number itself is a BMN. To examine the frequency and structure of BMNs, we conducted a complete computational scan of integers up to 200 million and identified 1246 BMNs. These findings confirm their rarity and demonstrate the residue pattern predicted by the modular identity. Additional observations highlight how mirror products behave under mod-11 alternating-digit rules, suggesting deeper interactions between digit symmetry and modular behaviour. We also explore a polynomial interpretation in which digit strings are treated as self-reciprocal forms, offering an algebraic viewpoint on palindromic mirror products. Overall, the results presented here provide a unified framework for understanding Brahmam Mirror Numbers, combining modular theory, computational evidence, and structural analysis. This study opens pathways for further research in digit-based number theory, density heuristics, modular classification, and potential applications in reflective arithmetic and digital computation.

Cultural values influence how students seek, evaluate, and use information, yet little is known about their role in shaping academic information behavior in Ghanaian higher education. This study examined the influence of cultural values on the information-seeking behavior of students in Ghanaian Colleges of Education, with particular attention to knowledge sources, strategies, technology adoption, and interaction with librarians. A quantitative survey design, guided by a positivist paradigm, was conducted between April and June 2025. Data were collected from 183 students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling across three Colleges of Education using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used for analysis in SPSS version 27. Cultural values significantly influenced students’ preferences for interpersonal channels, selection of knowledge sources, and comfort with digital systems. Institutional differences were observed in information-seeking strategies and librarian engagement. Despite cultural reservations, students showed growing adaptation to digital tools. Cultural orientations continue to shape information-seeking behavior, but a gradual shift toward digital practices is emerging in Ghanaian higher education. Culturally responsive information literacy initiatives and enhanced librarian–student engagement is recommended to support inclusive learning environments.

Artykuł za punkt wyjścia przyjmuje początki polonistyki we Francji i jej historię połączoną z przemianami polsko-francuskich kontaktów kulturowych, zwłaszcza dziedzictwem Wielkiej Emigracji. Autorka omawia pierwsze XX-wieczne inicjatywy instytucjonalne związane z nauczaniem języka polskiego oraz tworzoną w nim literaturą i kulturą. Pokazuje, jaką rolę w recepcji polskich twórców oraz badaniach ich dorobku odegrały prace i przekłady wybitnych francuskich filologów, m.in. Paula Cazina, Jeana Fabre’a, Jeana Bourrilly’ego, Jeana Lajarrige’a oraz pracującego w Belgii Claude’a Backvisa. Rekonstrukcja zasad fundujących ich filologiczny warsztat zbudowany na filarach dysertacji, przekładu i eksplikacji tekstu ujawnia specyfikę badań polonistycznych we Francji pod koniec XX wieku i w pierwszych dekadach obecnego stulecia, sytuując je na tle głównych nurtów teoretycznych szeroko rozumianej humanistyki. Dawne tradycje filologii spotykają się w niej z rozmaitymi odmianami nowoczesnej hermeneutyki. Pragmatyka najnowszej komparatystyki literacko­-kulturowej pozwala na nowo projektować charakter tych spotkań i wykorzystywać ich poznawczy potencjał w próbach rozumienia zjawisk historycznych i ich znaczenia dla teraźniejszości. Nowa, poszerzona filologia może być dzięki temu traktowana jako dobro publiczne, chroniące społeczeństwo przed naporem kultury masowej, konsumeryzmu i konformizmu.

Abstract Voter registration is a cornerstone of electoral democracies because it seeks to guarantee electoral integrity, inclusiveness, and the participation of eligible citizens. This chapter examines key aspects of voter registration, including eligibility criteria, evaluation metrics, and the factors influencing registration processes. The study also categorizes the determinants shaping voter registration into environmental, sociocultural, institutional, and economic factors. Environmental challenges, such as technological constraints, administrative inefficiencies, and funding shortages, often limit effective implementation. Sociocultural barriers, like education, age, and disparities among marginalized groups, have been found to exacerbate inequities, while institutional limitations and economic barriers, such as poverty, access to technology, and transportation, further restrict voter registration outcomes. The chapter explores global voter registration systems, including manual, biometric, and automatic voter registration (AVR), with examples from countries like the United States, India, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, and Sweden. It reveals that while innovations such as biometric and AVR systems enhance accuracy and participation, they require robust infrastructure, adequate funding, and institutional capacity to succeed. Case studies reflect the indispensability of strategies to address logistical barriers and voter suppression, which include outreach initiatives for underrepresented demographics like women, youth, and persons with disabilities. The study concludes that fair, inclusive, and technologically adaptive voter registration policies are prerequisites to addressing disparities and fostering equity, participation, and trust in electoral systems globally.

For centuries, knowledge about the heart, one of the most important organs in the human body, was limited to assumptions and theories. These ideas often served as a basis for understanding the functioning of the circulatory system, but they lacked scientific confirmation. It was not until the 17th century that scientists began to conduct more detailed, although often risky, experiments that shed light on the functioning of the heart. These experiments marked the beginning of reliable insights into the functioning of the circulatory system. As medical knowledge developed, the focus shifted to the treatment of circulatory system diseases. Initially, treatment consisted of minor procedures, but advances in science and technology paved the way for groundbreaking achievements. A historic milestone occurred on December 7, 1967, when the world's first successful heart transplant was performed. This achievement revolutionized medicine, giving new hope to patients with serious heart diseases. Today, a heart transplant is often considered a treatment of last resort, saving lives when other treatments have failed and significantly reducing mortality from cardiovascular disease (Circulatory System Disease). Despite advances in medical science, cardiovascular disease remains a global health challenge, affecting about 40% of the world's population. In Poland alone, about 12 million people suffer from conditions such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke or atherosclerosis. These diseases have become a major public health problem, underlining the importance of prevention, early detection and advanced treatment options to combat their prevalence and impact.

The objective of the work was to conduct biogeochemical research on fire road in the Włocławek Forest District, in the construction of which furnace slag was used. Trace elements were tested in the material itself as well as plant material (weeds and tree leaves). It has been noticed, that the material used (furnace slag) has a great influence on soil reaction (pH). The use of coal combustion products (CCPs) in forestry engineering is acceptable, however, it is recommended to monitor primarily the levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The use of surface treatment largely closes the road body from the external environment, thereby minimizing the dissipation of chemical substances deep into the soil profile and in areas adjacent to the forest road.

The study focused on the historical analysis of habitat conditions as an essential factor in forest habitat classification and management. It was based on archival data from the Oława Forest District, specifically from the 355a subcompartment in Dziuplina forestry. The study assessed changes in soil classification, tree species composition, and habitat stability over 40 years. Despite changes in soil types and proposed stand types, the forest habitat type remained unchanged. The results highlight the importance of historical data for habitat assessment and sustainable management.

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, poses challenges not only due to its somatic symptoms but also because of its significant impact on patients’ quality of life, mental health, and social and occupational functioning. This review aimed to analyze the multidimensional influence of psoriasis on patients’ psychosocial condition, with particular attention to stigmatization, symptoms of depression and anxiety, suicide risk, and factors affecting quality of life. The analysis is based on up-to-date literature from systematic reviews, cross-sectional and qualitative studies published between 2010 and 2025. Findings indicate that patients with psoriasis are significantly more likely to experience depressive and anxiety disorders, often regardless of lesion severity. Subjective factors such as body image perception, social stigma, loss of control over one’s body, and limitations in professional life play a crucial role. Importantly, some patients exhibit suicidal ideation at early stages of the disease, even before treatment begins. Simultaneously, evidence points to the necessity of an integrated care model that includes dermatological, psychological, and social support. Incorporating mental health and quality of life assessments into routine clinical practice can significantly improve treatment outcomes and patient well-being. This review emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to psoriasis management that addresses not only physical but also psychological and social dimensions.