Leopardstown Park Hospital

Species composition, abundance, ecological structure and spatial distribution of macrobenthos are considered in landscape and ecological conditions of the Astafiev and Srednyaya Bights in the eastern part of the Far Eastern Marine Biosphere State Nature Reserve. The main types of landscapes are identified on the data of landscape profiling. Granulometric composition of soils and organic matter content in the bottom sediments are analyzed. A total of 77 species are found in the macrobenthos of both bights. There are 28 species of epibenthos (similarity between bights by Jaccard index is 93 %) and 53 species of infauna (similarity 23 %), including 4 species common for both biotopes. Different ecological processes in the bottom-macrobenthos system occur in these nearby bights that affects biological diversity, abundance and structure of soft-soil benthos. Despite geomorphological similarity of the bights, the bottom environment in the Astafiev Bight is more enriched in organic matter, but taxonomic composition and abundance of infauna is poorer there. Bulk release of terrigenous matter from the eroded shore of Gamov Peninsula to this bight after rains destabilizes and jeopardizes its bottom environments and prevents formation of biologically stable, diverse and abundant benthos. In the neighbor Srednyaya Bight with a less erosive coastline, the bottom sediments are formed by marine processes mostly, so the macrobenthos on soft soils is distinguished there by great biodiversity. The epibenthos in both bights has no such differences and is represented by the most common species for Peter the Great Bay.

The understanding the spatial distribution status and reproduction as well as individual identification and communication behaviour of an endangered species assessment is essential for the species population dynamics, human activities such as changes in land use, overgrazing, poaching, retaliatory killings and the fur trade are causing a rapid decline in the habitats of apex predators worldwide. Studying communication behaviours and observing cubs in their natural habitat present challenges. A comprehensive 8-year research project (2015–2023) in northern Pakistan utilized 139 motion-triggered cameras strategically placed to capture leopard behaviours documenting a total of 330 events within each study sites and recording videos of snow leopard cubs with their mother. Additionally, preliminary reproducing females snow leopard were observed across different study sites with 10 adult and sub-adult cubs, four reproducing females and three adult males snow leopard being identified. The first-time detection of rare photographic events like communication behaviour and activity using camera traps is significant tools for future conservation. The documentation of snow leopard reproductive behaviors in Northern Pakistan from 2015 to 2023 has broad implications for conservation and understanding of these magnificent creature.

Abstract Accurate population data of large carnivores is essential for their effective conservation planning, yet estimating population size is challenging due to their elusive and wide-ranging nature. China is estimated to encompass 60% of the snow leopard Panthera uncia habitat, marking it a crucial pillar for global snow leopard conservation. However, no large-scale population assessment has been conducted despite scattered survey effort accumulating rapidly in recent years. This study combined and standardized existing camera trap survey data from 12 sites collected by four organizations during 2015 ~ 2021 to estimate snow leopard population in an area of 0.36 million km2. The representativeness of existing survey was evaluated based on habitat stratification to achieve unbiased population estimation. Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models were applied for density estimation and the most optimal model only included habitat rank as density covariate, showing a significant positive correlation with density. An average snow leopard density of 0.90/100 km2 (0.68 ~ 1.21/100 km2) and a population size of 1,002 individuals (755 ~ 1,341) was estimated for the entire region. Two more conservative estimates of 971 and 978 individuals were generated within two defined survey regions, in which our data has higher representativity. This study presents a practical approach to synthesize existing population survey data for large-scale population assessments of individually identifiable species. The estimated number represents 11 ~ 21% of the global snow leopard population, indicating high conservation value of this region.

Background: Valid questionnaires to assess dogs’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in veterinary practice can improve canine health outcomes and communications between veterinarians and dog caretakers. The Canine HRQoL Questionnaire (HRQoL-Q) and the Human-Canine Bond Questionnaire (HCBQ) were developed and validated to fulfill this need. Methods: A literature review, interviews with veterinarians, and focus groups with caretakers were conducted to generate questionnaire items to develop draft questionnaires, piloted with caretakers to establish content validity. Measurement properties were evaluated using data from a prospective survey study (N = 327). Results: Draft Canine HRQoL-Q and HCBQ measures were developed, including a domain structure, items, recall period, and scale/response options. Refinements were made via iterative cognitive interviews with caretakers. When no additional revisions were indicated and content validity established, the questionnaires were psychometrically tested. Ceiling effects were observed for all items, and factor analyses indicated that pre-specified domains are appropriate. Internal consistency was demonstrated for the HCBQ (α = 0.79–0.86) and all but the canine HRQoL-Q social functioning domain (α = 0.60)). Test-retest reliability for the canine HRQoL-Q was generally moderate-to-good (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] > 0.79). Test-retest reliability for the HCBQ was moderate (ICCs: 0.70–0.79), except the trust domain (ICC: 0.58). Known-groups validity was demonstrated by significant differences (p < 0.05) in scores by health/bonding groups. Convergent validity was supported (r > 0.40) between all domains and the total score for both questionnaires. Conclusions: The Canine HRQoL-Q and the HCBQ are valid, reliable measures of canine HRQoL for use in veterinary clinics and appear to measure related but distinct concepts that contribute to canine health and wellness.

Abstract Background We are a 140-bed Care of the Older Person facility. Approximately 50% of Sepsis cases occur in this demographic. The Irish National Early Warning System (INEWS) is an early warning system to assist staff recognise and respond appropriately to clinical deterioration. Currently there is no INEWS for Older Person Residential Services. Challenges for treatment relating to deterioration in our service are; detecting ‘new confusion’, access to doctors, treatment options available and the necessity to transfer a resident to the Acute Care sector if intravenous antibiotics were required. We used the National Clinical Guideline INEWS Version 2 (2020) to develop a clinical monitoring and escalation protocol. This was rolled out December 2021. Methods A Nurses Opinion survey was carried out to determine Nurses experience with using the locally modified Early Warning System. Results There was a 63% (n=35) response rate. 100% reported improvement in identifying clinical deterioration in a timely manner and effective monitoring for deteriorating residents. 96% reported improvement in confidence with monitoring unwell residents, confidence with transfer out decisions and referring the resident to the doctor for review. 91% noted improvement in communicating residents’ condition to doctors. 87% improvement in clinical practice when monitoring vital signs. 82% improved communication using the ISBAR. On reviewing clinical documentation for all residents who had deteriorated post implementation there was a significant improvement in monitoring and documentation. 23% stated increased time and staffing levels were required for monitoring of residents. 9% stated doctors didn’t always understand the INEWS. Conclusion Implementation of the modified INEWS has resulted in considerably improved clinical monitoring, documentation, & Nurses confidence. Significant challenges remain including ethical issues with decision to transfer out a resident for treatment. Recommendations are upskilling of Health Care Assistants to carry out vital signs monitoring, robust advanced healthcare decision making and implementation of an INEWS for Older Person Services.

To ensure persistence of a viable population of the Persian leopard in its wide range across Iran wherein also supports trans-boundary movements of the leopards to adjacent areas, the Iranian Department of Environment together with the Asian Leopard Specialist Society embarked on preparation of a species specific conservation and management action plan. Therefore, relative need assessments, stakeholder analysis, and required studies were conducted since 2012. To address the actual status of the Persian leopard in Iran an appropriate participatory planning model has been developed and subsequently, planning activities were conducted during several workshops and sessions by involvement of a wide range of participants from all over the country. A total of 45 internal and external main categories of stakeholders were recognized which also include various governmental and non-governmental organizations. Relatively, questionnaire surveys have been sent out to 60 universities and 220 NGOs with relative field of activities to identify the potential capabilities for implementation of the operations. These five annual action plans cover main topics of awareness raising, training and empowerment; habitat, media, veterinary and disease, rehabilitation centers, trans-boundary habitats and international co-operation, genetic conservation, compensation and insurance program, Persian leopard national network; research, evaluation and monitoring, protection units and wildlife wardens together with relative laws and regulations. This chapter briefly introduces this national document which was officially endorsed in early 2016 for implementation.

Even though the Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor is an endangered subspecies with the main population inhabiting in Iran (Khorozyan and Abramov, Zool Middle East 41:11–24, 2007; Kiabi et al., Zool Middle East 26(1):41–47, 2002), earlier studies (Sanei et al., Assessment of the Persian leopard mortality rate in Iran. In: Proceedings from UMT 11th International Annual Symposium on Sustainability Science and Management (pp. 1458–1462, 2012). Terengganu, Malaysia: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) demonstrated that the majority of leopard mortalities are recorded to be as a result of intentional hunting, revenge killing, and poisoning of the specimens. To mitigate livestock–carnivore conflicts and reduce the subsequent revenge killings, an innovative model including a medium and a long-term insurance schemes together with awareness raising, trust building, and participatory conservation strategies is designed. Accordingly, the medium term insurance scheme addresses three main subjects of (1) improving conservation practices in the areas of leopard mortality hot spots, (2) medical payments and wergild for possible human injuries/maim/death because of human–leopard conflicts and (3) recompensing livestock depredation. Also, since the wolf Canis lupus distribution is comparable with the leopard range in the country, because of conservation concerns, damages caused by wolf depredation are also planned to be recompensed partially in the first type (i.e. medium term) insurance scheme and fully recompensed in the long term (i.e. second type) insurance program. Introducing sessions about the relative regulations and instructions were conducted for provincial wildlife wardens and DoE staff who are well familiar with wildlife sign surveys and have a quick access to the habitats in each region. Subsequently, they took the responsibility for identification of wildlife species in livestock–carnivore conflicts. Improvements in husbandry practices, linking the payments to the acceptable husbandry enhancements and participation in reducing risk of damages by local people are some of the instructions considered in the model to improve the efficacy and outcomes. So far, Department of Environment of Iran together with a private insurance company has partially launched the short term insurance scheme since 2016 and launching other sections of this model is in progress.

Abstract Background While many people enter residential care of their own free will and because it is their preference, the evidence tells us that there are also many who if they had the choice would remain in their own homes. Lack of appropriate community supports may provide some impetus to enter residential care. According to Care Alliance Ireland, an additional four million hours of homecare needs to be provided to cope with the successful ageing demographics, at a cost of €110 million. There is no statutory or common-law power to detain a patient in a Healthcare Facility outside of the application of the Mental Health Act 2001. This presents legal, ethical and moral dilemmas for Healthcare Providers when caring for a person who lacks capacity wishes to self - discharge. A duty of care obligates healthcare professionals to act in the best interest of the individual. Under the Health Act 2007 the requirement is to provide for a ‘safe discharge’. Pending advancement of the Assisted Decision Making (Capacity) Act 2015 which provides a statutory framework to assist and support individuals to make legally-binding agreements about their welfare, their property and affairs we are currently acting under the Lunacy Regulations (1871). Methods We developed a ‘Deprivation of Liberty’ form which enable comprehensive Interdisciplinary Team discussion and direction of care. Presumption of capacity, respect for the resident’s wishes and consideration of all possible supportive actions up to and including sourcing community support services were considered. Results This format has enabled comprehensive discussion and robust adherence to human rights for three residents thus far Conclusion The situation remains that there is no legal framework to guide healthcare providers currently. Using a Human Rights based approach is imperative to guide us while awaiting advancement of the ADMA (2015) and Deprivation of Liberty legislation to be included in this act.

The α-quartz polymorph of SiO2 forms the basis of mineral sands stable down to 100 km depths below the surface, making it of central geoscientific relevance. The characterization of the nanoscale properties of these materials is of importance, especially for elastic properties governing phonon and sound propagation, and is of very high industrial relevance for oil exploration. Here, for the first time, we apply non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation to analyze the propagation of an artificial velocity perturbation in silica systems and, in so doing, determine S- and P-wave velocities in a manner redolent of concept to seismic-based oil-exploration approaches. This propagation has been analyzed systematically by means of different metrics in terms of spatiotemporal system response; these produce consistent results, by and large. In particular, we find excellent quantitative agreement with experimental S- and P-wave velocities, in many cases.