Lethbridge College

AAC Camrose, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stripe, and stem rust, Fusarium head blight (FHB) and common bunt. Based on 33 station-years of registration trial data from 2020 to 2022, the grain yield of AAC Camrose was 5% higher than AAC Foray and 11% over AAC Penhold. AAC Camrose was significantly shorter than AAC Foray, had straw strength similar to AAC Penhold and maturity was one day later than AAC Foray. AAC Camrose had similar test weight and protein concentration but lower thousand kernel weight as compared to AAC Foray. AAC Camrose had milling and baking quality suitable for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.

Abstract The interactions between boron and polyols significantly impact the functioning of bioactive metabolites, algae, plant growth, and quorum determination in certain bacterial species. This wide array of boron‐inclusive compounds aligns with the expectation as boron ranks among the top ten most plentiful elements in seawater. Moreover, carbohydrates, largely comprising polyols, represent the most abundant class of biomass on earth. Lately, the complexes formed between boron and sugars have garnered interest. They have been employed to construct synthetic carbohydrate receptors. These complexes are typified by covalent interactions, enabling their conversion into aqueous solutions. The physical and chemical traits of boron and its established compounds suggest the feasibility of generating boron‐based lipids and glycolipids. Building upon the chemical and mathematical models that demonstrate the formation of protomembranes and biological membranes from complex lipids using low molecular weight polyols as their framework, it appears that the abiotic synthesis of boronolipids follows a parallel route. This review offers a succinct overview of naturally occurring boron compounds and delves into the possible existence of boronolipids within the makeup of protomembranes and biological membranes.

Transfer hydrogenation (TH) is a highly significant reaction in organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. This method involves the transfer of hydrogen from a donor molecule to an unsaturated substrate, offering a safer and more convenient alternative to direct hydrogenation, which typically requires high-pressure hydrogen gas. TH stands out for its ability to selectively reduce multiple functional groups under milder conditions, thereby reducing the risk of overreduction or damage to sensitive functional groups. This technique is particularly valuable in asymmetric synthesis (AS), where chiral catalysts enable the production of enantiomerically pure compounds, crucial for drug development.Ruthenium complexes are particularly noteworthy for their effectiveness in asymmetric TH. Their stability and adaptability to different reaction environments make them ideal for both laboratory-scale and industrial applications. Phosphinite ligands (P(OR)R'2) are used in synthesis of complexes to improve their properties. These ligands are known for their ability to finely tune the electronic and steric properties of metal centers. The electron-donating nature of the phosphorus atom, combined with the variability in the R and R' groups, allows for significant customization of the catalyst's properties.The purpose of the work is to review up-to-date discoveries in the field of TH.The integration of phosphinite ligands into ruthenium catalysts marks a significant advancement in the field of TH. These catalysts exhibit enhanced efficiency, selectivity, and stability, proving crucial in AS. The study's exploration of various hydrogen sources, bases, and mechanisms has provided deeper insight into the process of TH.

Almonds are widely accepted nuts due to their taste and healthy nutrition, but they are also susceptible to aflatoxin B1. The current aflatoxin B1 detection method for almonds is destructive, labor intensive, costly, and has sampling problems. Therefore, this study investigates the feasibility of classifying aflatoxin B1 contaminated almonds using hyperspectral images in a non-destructive way for industrial quality control applications. In this experiment, almonds are artificially contaminated at different concentration levels in a laboratory and used as reference levels. The reference level and the mean hyperspectral image were used to develop a random forest (RF) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifier. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm was introduced to find the most relevant feature spectral set, which was used to develop multispectral classification models for industrial quality control applications. The full spectrum RF classifier achieved 96.37% cross-validation accuracy for standard normal variance (SNV) with 1<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> derivative data and QDA achieved 91.71% accuracy for Savitzky-Golay (SG) with 1<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> derivative data. The experimental result demonstrates that the hyperspectral images coupled with the machine learning classifier have a great potential to classify aflatoxin B1 contaminated almonds for industrial applications.

The current research aimed to develop extruded noodles with enriched nutritional content while maintaining acceptable physical and sensory properties of the noodles and composite flour.Five formulations; namely, C (100% wheat), T1 (90% wheat + 10% lentils), T2 (80% wheat + 20% lentils), T3 (70% wheat + 30% lentils), and T4 (60% wheat + 40% lentils), were assessed for cooked noodles using Hedonic scale.Among them, T3 (70% wheat + 30% lentils) and the control noodles (C-100% wheat) exhibited the highest acceptance in the study.The selected T3-Lentil-incorporated noodles composite flour (LINCF) had a lower bulk density (0.87 g/ml) compared to the control (0.89 g/ml).T3-LINCF also demonstrated superior water absorption capacity (121.33 ml/g) and swelling power (5.61%) in contrast to the C-control wheat noodles composite flour (CWNCF) (110.67 ml/g, 4.60%), while solubility was significantly higher for T3-LINCF (22.53) than the C-CWNCF (16.67).The cooking time for T3-Lentil-incorporated noodles (LIN) and Ccontrol wheat noodles (CWN) were 12.00 and 10.33 min, respectively.Additionally, T3-LIN showed higher cooked weight (76.86 g/25 g), cooking yield (307.46%), lower bulk density (0.52 g/ml), higher swelling index (2.22), and increased total solid loss in gruel (7.49%) compared to control noodles (71.06 g/25 g, 284.10%, 0.55 g/ml, 1.94%, 2.43% by mass, respectively).In conclusion, the study successfully developed lentil-incorporated extruded noodles with superior sensory attributes, functional properties and nutritional richness as evidenced by the higher acceptance of T3 formulation.These findings contribute valuable insights for producing healthier and well-accepted noodle products through extrusion processing.

This review explores the unique structural and functional characteristics of natural products featuring highly oxygenated cyclobutane rings, with a specific focus on oxetane and 1,2-dioxetane motifs. It presents the structures and biological activities of compounds containing these rings, highlighting their contribution to molecular stability and pharmacological potency. Through detailed case studies and recent research findings, it has been demonstrated that these oxygen-rich rings enhance the molecular diversity and biological efficacy of natural products, potentially offering new avenues for drug development. Notably, these compounds are predominantly synthesized by microorganisms and can also be found in extracts from fungi, plants, and certain marine invertebrates. Compounds with oxetane and 1,2-dioxetane rings are primarily noted for their strong antineoplastic properties, among other biological activities. In contrast, most 1,2-dioxetanes exhibit potent antiprotozoal effects. It is important to note that 1,2-dioxetanes often serve as intermediate products in oxidation reactions, characterized by their instability and propensity to decompose into new compounds.