Leyte Normal University

Understanding common errors in English language acquisition is crucial for enhancing ESL (English as a Second Language) instruction, particularly in mastering inflectional morphemes that are vital for grammatical accuracy. This study addresses the persistent challenges ESL learners face in mastering inflectional affixes, focusing on errors in nouns, adjectives, and verbs. It investigates the types and frequencies of inflectional morpheme errors among Grade Eleven students at San Jose National High School, aiming to identify the most problematic morphemes and provide insights into patterns of difficulty. A total of 261 student essays, written over three three-hour sessions, were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Errors were identified through Grammarly and categorized using Dulay et al.'s (1982) Surface Structure Taxonomy. Results indicate that verb inflections, particularly past tense and 3rd person singular present agreement morphemes, are the most challenging for learners, with noun and adjective errors being less frequent. Notably, the study highlights the 3rd person singular present agreement as a significant area of difficulty. These findings suggest the need for targeted instruction focused on verb inflections in practical writing contexts. By implementing error-focused teaching strategies, educators can address specific challenges, fostering improved grammatical accuracy and supporting better language acquisition outcomes.

The concept of masculinity has various meanings based on Filipino thought, which is also associated with the man having his own family, the foundation of society, making it essential to strengthen relationships, especially for parents that starts during courtship. Courtship is vital in the country’s culture, but it has changed due to modern technology leading to the rise of online dating. In Generation Z, it is typical to quickly start and end relationships, which has a negative impact on couples born from online dating and to their children. On the other hand, some studies also prove its positive effects on couples. In this research, using the transcendental phenomenological approach, ten participants were chosen through purposive sampling. They underwent in-depth interviews, and after thematic analysis, the results showed that courtship has different meanings based on the participants’ experiences; the character of the woman being courted is most important to them; courtship is still divided into traditional and modern methods; and when rejected, men must accept and respect it. Based on the results, the researchers were able to provide conclusions and recommendations needed for further research.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze Waray superstitions in relation to moving houses and the cultural values that are connected to it which indicates decision-making, emotional well-being and community identity of the Waray people. This study seeks to answer the different superstitions observed before, during, and after moving houses and how these beliefs reflect Waray cultural values and identity. The specific objectives of this study include: 1) What are the superstitions of the Waray people before, during, and after moving houses, 2) What cultural values are reflected in the superstitions related to moving houses among the Waray? To understand the Waray's beliefs, viewpoints, and experiences with moving houses, qualitative research was employed specifically using Transcendental Phenomenological Approach. Participants in the study came from specific barangays in the province of Leyte, especially those where the Waray population is prominent. Purposive Sampling was used to identify 1) families with experience in moving into a new home, 2) Adults aged 40 and up who possess adequate understanding of traditional superstitions related to moving houses. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews using semi-structured survey questionnaire. The data collected from the transcription underwent thematic analysis which identified the significant and emerging themes in the participant’s response. Findings show that the Waray people have deep connections of their cultural roots which is manifested in these superstitions. The belief in luck and superstitions explain the different traditions which is believed to bring blessings and harmony in their lives. Cultural values such as family protection, social interaction, and faith in God are deeply embedded in these superstitions.

Using electrical air hand dryers in public spaces, including fast-food restaurants, may pose public health risks due to bacterial deposition. This study investigates the bacterial contamination caused by air hand dryers in wash areas and comfort rooms of freestanding fast-food restaurants. Using a descriptive-comparative approach, Petri dishes were exposed to air hand dryers for 30 seconds, incubated, and analyzed for bacterial growth. Six bacterial species were identified, with more diverse bacteria and higher deposition levels observed in wash areas compared to comfort rooms. This finding highlights the increased public health risks associated with air hand dryers in wash areas of fast-food establishments. It suggests the need for safer hand-drying alternatives in such settings.

This study explores the challenges faced by non-specialized teachers in handling Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (Values Education) in Samar Division. With the increasing emphasis on holistic education and character development, it is essential to understand the implications of assigning non-specialized teachers in this critical subject. Through a phenomenological approach and incorporating surveys, and interviews, this research identifies key areas of difficulty such as lack of subject matter expertise, limited teaching time per week for lessons, insufficient training, and limited access to resources. The findings reveal that these challenges negatively impact both teaching effectiveness and student outcomes in Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao. Furthermore, the study highlights the needed support of non-specialized teachers from the Department of Education to develop programs and policy adjustments in the curriculum that will help in the teaching and learning process. By addressing these issues, the research aims to enhance the quality of education in instilling values among learners through Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao.

Background and Objectives: Strategic decision-making is a complex process, especially in the context of higher education institutions. Understanding how education college deans approach strategic decisions is crucial for effective management and decision support. This qualitative single case study aimed to explore the strategic decision-making processes (SDMP) of college deans in state universities in Eastern Visayas, Philippines. The study sought to identify the characteristics of SDMPs, approaches to SDM and propose a new model that captures the spectrum of decision-making modes. Methodology: A single case study that rests on the interpretive research paradigm was adopted to delve into the individual experiences of education college deans in making strategic decisions. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and reflective essays from eight deans, selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria. The study adhered to strict ethical guidelines, ensuring confidentiality and obtaining informed consent from participants. Data analysis followed Attride-Stirling's thematic network analysis method, allowing for in-depth exploration and interpretation of the decision-making processes. Main Results: The analysis revealed several characteristics of SDMPs, including their highly unstructured, non-routinary, nonrepetitive, high-stakes, risky, complex, and irreversible nature, aligning with findings from prior research. College deans employed three main types of SDMPs: rational, intuitive, and improvisational. Rational SDMP involved systematic, logical, and fact-based decision-making, while intuitive SDMP relied on judgment and past experiences in time-sensitive and uncertain situations. Improvisational SDMP emerged as a novel approach, characterized by spontaneity, novelty, and action-orientation. Discussions: The study contributes to the understanding that SDMPs are not fixed processes but rather dynamic and context-dependent. It highlights the importance of considering the specific circumstances and timing of decision-making when determining the most suitable approach. The proposed model presents a spectrum of SDMPs, recognizing the interconnectedness of the decision-making modes. The study also brings attention to the improvisational decision-making approach, which has received limited focus in the literature but is increasingly relevant in today's rapidly changing management context. Conclusions: Education college deans adopt diverse approaches to strategic decision-making, with rational, intuitive, and improvisational SDMPs being prevalent. The study underscores the need for flexibility and adaptation in decision-making to address the complexities and uncertainties faced by educational administrators. The new model of SDMPs captures the continuum of decision-making modes, allowing administrators to tailor decision support to the specific needs of deans based on the context and timing of decision-making. By recognizing the different decision-making approaches, administrators can foster more effective decision-making processes and improve the overall management of higher education institutions. Further research on the improvisational decision-making approach is warranted to explore its potential benefits and limitations in strategic decision-making contexts.

In Southeast Asia - as in most parts of the world, the indigenous peoples are the most vulnerable to poverty, illness, and injustice caused by multiple factors. Anchored on the Self-Determination Theory of Ryan and Deci (2009), this explanatory, single, holistic case study examined the struggles and causal factors affecting a Mamanwa diaspora in the West-Visayan region of the Philippines by conducting in-depth interviews with 22 participants who were selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis (Clarke, Braun & Hayfield, 2015) generated 5 themes representing their struggles: 1) poverty, domestic violence, and strained relationships; 2) health and environmental risks; 3) inequity in education; 4) poor infrastructure; and 5) low income. From among the causal factors identified as determinants of their struggles, illiteracy proved to be the latent but strongest variable. This implies the need to make education accessible to them with corresponding financial, material, and moral support. On a wider scale, the findings suggest the need for the government to review economic, infrastructure, health, and education policies for indigenous peoples and legally recognize and protect their rights to territories, natural resources, traditional knowledge, and self-determination. Future researchers are encouraged to explore the struggles of other indigenous diasporas to solidify a collective call for action.

This paper pondered on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Communication of Starbucks Corporation. CSR integrates social and environmental responsibility of the company, anchored with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) # 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and # 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The purpose of this paper was to elucidate the company’s role in environmental preservation through a robust CSR Communication campaign, discussed and critiqued. The study utilized secondary sources for data gathering, analyzed and interpreted using critical analysis.The result of the paper revealed that Starbuck’s report can expand its sustainability efforts in the light of the company’s strong advocacy on climate change. In achieving corporate expansionism, the paper provides robust knowledge on resilience and preservation for a resilient community.

In compliance with RA 10931(the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) allows State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines to admit students regardless of their senior high school track and strand taken, through CMO 105, Series of 2017. This would cause future problems because the nature of these graduates' high school studies would be disregarded when evaluating applicants for a certain bachelor's degree. This study was conducted to determine if a specific Senior High School strand produces high-achieving students in science-related programs. Using a causal-comparative research design, it engaged sixty-one (61) undergraduate students enrolled in Two Philippine State Universities offer Science-related courses: Bachelor of Science in Biology, Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, and Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science. One-way ANOVA was done to find if there is a significant difference among the academic performance of the respondents grouped by their senior high school strands. Dunn’s Test for Multiple Comparisons was used as post-hoc analysis. The ANOVA test showed a significant difference between academic performance in science-related programs and senior high school strands p = 0.015, while no significance was found in sex and annual household income. Conducting post-hoc analysis using Dunn’s Test for Multiple Comparisons showed that STEM graduates have a statistically significant academic performance between ABM, GAS, HUMSS, Home Economics, and ICT graduates. The findings show significant implications in the admission of students in college, especially in science-related programs. Strands in senior high school must be considered and that short-bridging programs may be conducted for non-STEM graduates enrolled in science-related programs.