Limousin Regional Council

Abstract The survival of many species has been impacted dramatically by human activities over the last few centuries. More specifically, forest fragmentation, due to human settlement and development of agriculture, has highly affected arboreal species. Understanding patterns of genetic structure of endangered species occupying fragmented forest habitats is a requirement for appropriate conservation management, especially for species with low dispersal abilities like the hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius). The hazel dormouse is an arboreal rodent that is strictly protected in Europe. The aim of this study conducted from 2004 to 2011 was to investigate population fragmentation of the hazel dormouse in part of the Meuse-Rhine Euregion using microsatellite markers. The results revealed a significant genetic differentiation and low gene flow between subpopulations. Fragmentation of the hazel dormouse population in this region seems to have occurred during the 20th century, suggesting that active management to improve habitat quality, amount of habitat and connectivity is essential to impede future genetic erosion. Furthermore, our results show that railway verges, like other linear habitat elements, cannot only be permanently inhabited, but also act as a valuable corridor, connecting subpopulations and allowing the colonisation of new sites. Finally, in response to our study, both Flemish and Dutch hazel dormouse species protection plans included the objective of providing a functional ecological corridor between several of the subpopulations, which has already been partially implemented.

Nowadays, public opinion is determined by economic and environmental considerations, so when selecting beef cattle for breeding, the aim is to achieve the largest possible body size while reducing feed costs and methane emissions. Computer-controlled automatic feeding systems can measure the exact amount of feed consumed by animals, enabling the RFI value to be determined. This value expresses the difference between the amount of feed actually consumed by the animal and the amount expected based on its live weight and body weight gain.In 2024, we studied 29 Blonde d'Aquitaine breeding bulls that were fed using the Vytille system and housed in two pens in Taliándörögd. The animals were divided into four groups based on their RFI values and average daily weight gain, and their production data were analysed using a multivariate generalised linear model (GLM) method.Based on our results, it was not necessary to take pen effect into account, as the husbandry technology was perfectly suited to the purpose. The four groups were sufficient for selection based on feed conversion and daily weight gain. Taking all the measured values into account, the young bulls in the group with favourable RFI and above-average daily weight gain are the most promising.

Abstract Arteriovenous (AV) access choice has sparked controversy with recent evidence suggesting overestimation of benefits associated with AV fistula versus graft in certain populations. We assessed outcomes associated with first-line AV access type in patients who started hemodialysis with a catheter in France, overall and by subgroups of age, sex, and comorbidities. In this retrospective cohort study, we included incident patients who initiated hemodialysis with a catheter from 2010 through 2018, followed by the French REIN Registry. Our main exposure was the first-line (first-created) AV graft versus fistula, ascertained through the linkage with the French national health-administrative database. Outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization, and all-cause mortality. We used joint frailty models to deal with recurrent hospitalizations and informative censoring by death, Cox proportional hazard (PH) models, and inverse probability weighting. From the 18,625 patients included (mean age was 68±15 years, 35% were women), 5% had a first-line AV graft. Patients with AV graft had an 11%-higher weighted hazard of all-cause hospitalization (95% CI 1.09 to 1.13), 16% higher weighted hazard of cardiovascular (95% CI 1.05 to 1.29) and infection-related (95% CI 1.01 to 1.33) hospitalization, 34% higher weighted hazard of vascular access-related hospitalization, and a 9%-higher weighted hazard of all-cause death (95% CI 0.97 to 1.23). Results were consistent for most subgroups, except that the highest hazard of hospitalization with AV graft was blunted in patients with comorbidities (i.e. diabetes, weighted HR of all-cause hospitalization 1.03, 95% CI 0.95-1.12).- To conclude, in patients starting hemodialysis with a catheter, first-line AV graft is associated with increased hazard of hospitalization vs. patients with AV fistula. This may, however, not be the case for patients with a poor vascular condition, i.e., those with diabetes, who have a similar hospitalization and mortality rates with either graft or fistula.

Abstract Background Metabolic adaptation is a hallmark of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Tumor microenvironment is also described as an essential support of leukemic metabolism. We explored how systemic and tissue metabolism was rewired in leukemia-bearing mice and upon chemotherapy. Methods Using AML cell line- and primary patient-derived xenograft models, we developed in vivo metabolomics to uncover the metabolic pattern of 10 tissues including plasma, bone marrow, spleen, liver, adipose tissue, lung, pancreas, kidney, heart and muscle. Results In vivo targeted mass spectrometry allowed metabolic characterization of tissues from naïve and AML-xenografted immunocompromised mice. AML xenotransplantation and cytarabine treatment induced AML cell type-dependent global changes in tissue metabolomes. Infiltration of high OxPHOS MOLM14 cells that are intrinsically chemoresistant, induced minor changes in tissue metabolomes. In contrast, low OxPHOS U937 xenograft led to major reprogramming of metabolic tissue niches for survival upon chemotherapy. Interestingly, plasma metabolite signatures could predict the oxidative phenotype of leukemic cells. Conclusion Major metabolic changes in host tissues play a crucial role in tumor xenotransplantation and define their OxPHOS state in AML. Since mitochondrial phenotype is an essential determinant of drug response in AML, plasma metabolite signatures might be novel biomarkers for patient stratification.

Relationships between c-Rel and GCB-DLBCLs remain unclear. We found that strong c-Rel DNA-binding activity was mostly found in GCBs on two independent series of 48 DLBCLs and 66 DLBCLs, the latter issued from the GHEDI series. c-Rel DNA-binding activity was associated with increased REL mRNA expression. Extending the study to the whole GHEDI and Lenz DLBCL published series of 202 and 233 cases, it was found that the c-Rel gene expression profile (GEP) overlapped partially (12%) but only with the GCB GEP and not with the GEP of ABC-DLBCLs. Cases with both overexpression of REL mRNA and c-Rel GEP were defined as those having a c-Rel signature. These cases were GCBs in 88 and 83% of the GHEDI or Lenz’s DLBCL series respectively. The c-Rel signature was also associated with various recurrent GCB-DLBCL genetic events, including REL gains, BCL2 translocation, MEF2B, EZH2, CREBBP, and TNFRSF14 mutations and with the EZB GCB genetic subtype. By CGH array, the c-Rel signature was specifically correlated with 2p15-16.1 amplification that includes XPO1, BCL11A, and USP34 and with the 22q11.22 deletion that covers IGLL5 and PRAME. The total number of gene copy number aberrations, so-called genomic imbalance complexity, was decreased in cases with the c-Rel signature. These cases exhibited a better overall survival. Functionally, overexpression of c-Rel induced its constitutive nuclear localization and protected cells against apoptosis while its repression tended to increase cell death. These results show that, clinically and biologically, c-Rel is the pivotal NF-κB subunit in the GCB-DLBCL subgroup. Functionally, c-Rel overexpression could directly promote DLBCL tumorigenesis without need for further activation signals.

People who survive a stroke are often left with long-term neurologic deficits that induce, among other impairments, balance disorders. While virtual reality (VR) is growing in popularity for postural control rehabilitation in post-stroke patients, studies on the effect of challenging virtual environments, simulating common daily situations on postural control in post-stroke patients, are scarce. This study is a first step to document the postural response of stroke patients to different challenging virtual environments. Five subacute stroke patients and fifteen age-matched healthy adults were included. All participants underwent posturographic tests in control conditions (open and closed eyes) and virtual environment without (one static condition) and with avatars (four dynamic conditions) using a head-mounted device for VR. In dynamic environments, we modulated the density of the virtual crowd (dense and light crowd) and the avoidance space with the avatars (near or far). Center of pressure velocity was collected by trial throughout randomized 30-s periods. Results showed that more challenging conditions (dynamic condition) induced greater postural disturbances in stroke patients than in healthy counterparts. Our study suggests that virtual reality environments should be adjusted in light of obtaining more or less challenging conditions.

International audience

Extr. de res. d'A. (...). On a tente de reconnaitre l'organisation spatiale de la necropole et les regles qui president a la distribution des 16 tumulus (dont 6 avec epee) qui la composent. Les parametres pris en compte relevent des aspects monumentaux (...), rituels (...) et mobiliers (...) caracterisant les sepultures. Le traitement graphique et statistique (...) des donnees met en evidence 3 a 4 classes d'individus hierarchises (role du sexe et de l'âge) et repartis en 5 groupes familiaux (...). L'analyse des homotypies etablit la concomitance ou la successivite chronologique de ces groupes (...). L'ensemble permet d'envisager la dynamique spatiale, culturelle et chronologique de cette necropole ou l'on propose de reconnaitre l'evolution, sur 4 generations, sinon d'un lignage, de 2 lignees calees dans la transition de l'âge du Bronze a l'âge du Fer

Le Cuivr des marais, Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1802), vis par cette directive sous le code UE 1060, a t identifi dans sept des trente-deux sites du rseau Natura 2000 en Limousin. Les observations disponibles taient ponctuelles et dataient parfois de plusieurs annes. Elles ne permettaient pas d'apprhender l'tat de conservation des populations de cette espce. Une tude a donc t confie la Socit entomologique du Limousin par la D.I.R.E.N. Limousin (actuelle D.R.E.A.L.) dans le but de dresser un tat des lieux des connaissances sur Lycaena dispar dans le rseau Natura 2000 rgional, d'valuer le statut de ses populations et l'tat de conservation de ses habitats, et enfin de proposer des orientations de gestion propres favoriser le maintien de l'espce.