Littelfuse (United States)

【目的】牛乳や乳製品中には乳糖（ラクトース）が存在し,多くのヒトではラクトースは小腸に存在するラクターゼ（β-ガラクトシダーゼ）によって分解される.しかし,一部のヒトでは小腸に存在するラクターゼが少ないため,乳糖を十分に分解できず,下痢や消化不良といった乳糖不耐症状が生じる.この症状を抑えるために,ラクターゼは食品業界や医薬品業界において幅広く利用されており,またその糖転移活性によりガラクトオリゴ糖製造にも用いられる.麹菌由来のラクターゼは耐酸性が特徴であり,酸性ラクターゼとも呼ばれ,発酵乳などの食品素材や乳糖不耐に対する医薬品,サプリメント素材として利用されている.酸性ラクターゼを用いることで発酵乳等のラクトースを分解できるが,製剤中の夾雑酵素によって作用後の乳製品が凝固する問題があった.そこで本研究では,酸性プロテアーゼを低減することで凝乳を生じさせることのない製剤を開発した.【方法】麹菌由来の酵素溶液を酸性あるいは弱酸性条件下で加熱処理し,酵素溶液中の酸性プロテアーゼ活性をカゼイン法（pH3.5）で測定した.35%乳成分を含有する酸性乳飲料に対し,酸性ラクターゼ活性1500 U/mL相当で0.1％分を添加撹拌し,33℃で12週間静置し凝集性を評価した.【結果】弱酸性条件下で加熱処理した酵素含有溶液では酸性ラクターゼ活性1500 U/mL相当で酸性プロテアーゼ活性が4.6 U/mLとなり,酸性条件下の32.1 U/mLと比較して14%に低減できた.酸性乳飲料に添加した場合において,酸性条件下での処理液では4週間後に凝集物が確認され,8週間後には乳全体が凝乳した.一方,弱酸性条件下での処理液では対照の無添加と同様に凝固は見られず滑らかな液状を維持した.従って酸性プロテアーゼを一定以下に低減したことで,乳製品に対し長時間作用させても凝乳を生じさせないことが示唆された.

Cyfuse Biomedical K.K. is a R&D venture company established in 2010 aiming at industrialization of its 3D cellular products for regenerative medicine based on innovative 3D cell stacking technology, and has newly listed on the Growth Market of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in December 2022. We are developing 3D cellular products consisted of only human cells through our unique platform technology created from the fusion of two disparate technologies; engineering and biology. Three pipelines aiming for approval as products for regenerative medicine have already advanced to the stage of human clinical trials, and are expected to implemented in society in the near future. In addition, we also have been developing functional cellular devices (FCD) using our core technology, the Kenzan method, and have begun marketing FCD as support tools that contribute to the development of new drugs. We will introduce in detail our contribution to the medical field that we are aiming for, with specific examples, also referring to the unique additive manufacturing (AM) technology that supports the realization of our cellular products as above.

Reed switches fail in one of two ways: the switch will fail to open when expected (stick) or it will fail to close when expected (miss). During life testing at rated power it was found that switches with plated contacts exhibited variable and gradually increasing contact resistance up to the first stick followed by very stable contact resistance after the first stick. For reed switches with sputtered contacts, variable and gradually decreasing contact resistance was observed up to the first stick followed by an abrupt increase in contact resistance which then stabilized. End of life failure analysis is used to explain these different behaviors.

A manutenção da produtividade de cultivos comerciais é dependente do uso de produtos fitossanitários, mas são restritas as informações sobre a interação entre eles quando usados em mistura. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, a tensão superficial, o ângulo de contato e o espectro de gotas de caldas fitossanitárias contendo diferentes doses e misturas dos herbicidas Glyphosate e Atrazine. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de uma formulação do herbicida glyphosate com dois produtos comerciais formulados com o herbicida atrazine. As caldas foram avaliadas pelo método estático de compatibilidade físico-química obtendo-se tabelas descritivas quanto aos aspectos de homogeneidade/heterogeneidade. As medições da tensão superficial e ângulo de contato foram realizados durante um minuto empregando o método da gota pendente para determinar a cinética da tensão superficial e o método da gota séssil para determinar o ângulo de contato. Os atributos avaliados do espectro de gotas produzidos por cada tratamento foram o diâmetro mediano volumétrico, o coeficiente de uniformidade e a porcentagem de volume em gotas com diâmetros menores que 100 μm. É fundamental a agitação constante da calda fitossanitária antes e durante a aplicação para diminuir problemas de incompatibilidade entre os produtos. O espectro de gotas pode variar de acordo com a composição da calda de pulverização e com a dose do produto utilizado.

Analyser le vécu de la clinique en lui donnant l’espace de l’écriture de récits. Élaborer le sens saisi dans l’écriture intuitive d’un premier jet en l’enrichissant des lectures plurielles d’un groupe. Puis dégager, progressivement, les différentes composantes de la situation clinique racontée par le narrateur afin d’en envisager la complexité… Claire Lecœur donne, ici, un aperçu de sa pratique des cycles d’écriture et d’analyse de la pratique qu’elle propose, soit à la demande, en groupes constitués de différents professionnels de la relation, soit en institutions médico-socio-éducatives.

Le site préhistorique de La Roche-Cotard (LRC) se trouve sur le versant de rive droite de la vallée de la Loire, un peu en amont de Langeais, en Indre-et-Loire. Le site a été rendu accessible grâce à un important prélèvement de matériaux en 1846. La grotte principale (LRC I) a été fouillée en 1912 : elle contenait une industrie du Paléolithique moyen et des tracés digitaux y ont été découverts en 1975 et validés en 2008. La reprise des fouilles sur le site à partir de 2008 (locus LRC IV très proche de LRC I) a permis de mettre en évidence une coupe puissante de 11 mètres comprenant 22 couches distinctes dont la partie inférieure comble un abri. La stratigraphie combine, de bas en haut, des apports karstiques de milieu souterrain, des sables fluviatiles et éoliens issus de la vallée de la Loire et gravitaires du versant. Des indices d’occupation anthropique (industrie lithique, os brûlés) attestent une occupation de cet espace. Les nombreuses datations des couches par radiocarbone et par OSL permettent de situer chronologiquement ce remplissage entre la limite des stades isotopiques marins 7 et 6 (couche 22 ‑ 169 ka) et la limite des stades 3 et 2 (couche 2 - 25 ka). Le locus a donné lieu à une étude pluridisciplinaire aussi complète que possible (sédimentologie et micromorphologie, faunes de petits et grands vertébrés, industrie lithique). Ces données apportent des précisions nouvelles sur l’évolution paléoenvironnementale de la région, mal connue dans cette fourchette de temps. La géométrie et l’âge des dépôts conduisent à l’hypothèse selon laquelle la grotte (LRC I) a été impénétrable par Homo sapiens au moins à partir du début du stade isotopique marin 3 (60 ka) et donc que les productions pariétales à caractère symbolique de la grotte sont très probablement à attribuer à l’homme de Néandertal.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Both the integration of safety-critical electrical systems and the increasing power requirements in vehicles present a challenge for electrical distribution systems in terms of reliability, packaging, weight, and cost. In this regard, the wire protection device is a key element, as it determines the reliability of the short circuit detection, the immunity against false tripping, and the wire diameters. Currently, in most cases, thermal fuses are used, due to their low cost and robust design. However, the description of their tripping behavior based only on steady-state currents is insufficient for the increasingly complex current profiles in vehicles. Thus, to achieve an optimum dimensioning of a fuse-wire combination, a profound understanding of the thermal behavior of both components under dynamic load conditions is mandatory. However, the FEM tools used for the thermal design of fuses are relatively slow, require huge calculation resources, and must be well-parameterized.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The presented approach is a data-driven fuse model. An experimental set-up allows a precise temperature measurement based on IR-thermography and reference sensors for a set of fuses, which were modified in order to have access to their internal hot spots. By applying a fixed electrical current, the thermal response can be determined and be described by a set of four first order lag (PT1) elements. Because of a nonlinear dependency between current and this response function, the model becomes more complex and must be based on several measurement data sets for various currents. Using a recursive approach, a new generic model has been developed which can accurately be parameterized for various fuse types and diverse nominal currents and allows the calculation of the maximum temperature within the fuse for any given current-time profile. The paper describes the measurement set-up, the model and its parameterization method, and a comparison of calculated and experimental data.</div></div>