Lombardia Informatica (Italy)

In response to the problems of insufficient physiological adaptation and complex cognitive operations in current intelligent interactive products, covering common categories such as smart bracelets, car navigation, and smart home terminals, this article takes a dual perspective of ergonomics (physiological adaptation) and user experience (psychological perception) - the former focuses on the physiological laws of the human body, while the latter pays attention to the psychological needs of users. The two complement each other to solve the shortcomings of a single perspective design. Combining national standards, specific industry cases, and third-party research data, five design principles are extracted: human body size adaptation, operational force efficiency optimization, cognitive process simplification, instant feedback design, and emotional adaptation. Research has shown that dual perspective fusion can simultaneously improve product physiological comfort and user satisfaction, providing practical references for product design such as smart wearables and smart homes. All conclusions are based on publicly available standards and examples.

We investigate the existence and decay properties of solutions to the following elliptic systems, which arise in the context of Bose–Einstein condensation: [Formula: see text] To analyze the decay behavior of solutions, we use a variant of Moser’s iteration technique, with general conditions imposed on the potentials [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Our results extend recent findings by Angeles, Clapp, and Saldaña (2023). We pay particular attention to potential classes that either vanish or are unbounded at infinity. The existence of ground states is established under these assumptions, and the derived decay estimates are also used to show that weak solutions exhibit either exponential or polynomial decay.

Abstract Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes significant morbidity and mortality with worse outcomes in individuals infected with multi-drug resistant Mtb (MDR-TB). Specific MDR-TB strains have shown additional virulence factors that could prompt altered host immune response in comparison to drug susceptible Mtb (DS-TB). We evaluated the immune response of individuals with MDR-TB in Callao, Peru compared to DS-TB.Mtb-specific IL-17 production from PBMC collected from participants newly diagnosed with MDR-TB and DS-TB.Boxes show mean, min, and max values of fold change in IL-17 between ESAT-6·CFP-10-stimulated vs. unstimulated conditions. *p < 0.05 Methods Adults with a new diagnosis of MDR-TB and DS-TB were enrolled from tuberculosis clinics in Callao, Peru while healthy control participants were recruited from local medicine clinics and community. Participants provided blood samples for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma isolation. Soluble immune markers including proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins were tested in plasma. PBMCs were analyzed via flow cytometry for immunophenotyping and via cell stimulation assays. To account for false positive rates with 75 distinct cell populations in the immunophenotyping assay Benjamini-Hochberg correction was employed. Results Analysis of cell phenotypes identified notable differences. CD8+ T cells were increased in patients with MDR-TB compared to DS-TB (medians (interquartile range) [n]: 51.9 (31.2-65.7) [14] and 27.8 (23.2-34.8) [22], p = 0.036)), and the frequency of CD8+/CD38+ cells were decreased in MDR-TB compared to DS-TB (4.47 (3.3-6.6) [14] and 9.4 (6.2-13.9) [22], p = 0.0057). While analysis of soluble plasma factors did not show significant differences, analysis of cell stimulation assays showed an increased IL-17 production in PBMC from participants with MDR-TB compared to DS-TB when stimulated with the Mtb antigen ESAT6/CFP10 (see Figure; p=0.015). Conclusion While much of the immune response to MDR-TB appears similar to DS-TB, we found notable differences, with increased CD8+ T cells, decreased CD8/CD38+ T cells, and increased IL-17 production in response to Mtb stimulation. These data suggest that MDR-TB could prompt differential immune signatures, including expanded IL-17 responses. Further work may lead to better understanding of host-pathogen interactions in MDR-TB disease and possible optimized therapies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

EP3.2, e-Poster Terminal 3, September 3, 2025, 13:05 - 14:00IntroductionIn 2024 immigrants represented 8.9% of the population residing in Italy. They have better overall health conditions compared to the native population. However, the presence of formal and informal barriers often limits their appropriate access to healthcare, which needs to be closely monitored. The objective of this study is to compare the differences in access to emergency care between Italians and immigrants.MethodsThe National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP) coordinates a monitoring system for the health status and healthcare of the resident immigrant population, which currently includes 10 regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Trento and Bolzano Autonomous Provinces, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio, Puglia, and Sicily), where 75% of the total residents in Italy and 83% of foreign nationals live.To date, the monitoring system covers the period 2016-2022. Data collected by the regions through different healthcare information systems are summarized in a set of 60 indicators covering hospital care, maternal-child care, and emergency care services.ResultsDuring the observation period (2016-2022), the percentage distribution of emergency department visits by triage code showed a higher proportion of white and green codes among immigrants compared to Italians, with trends remaining fairly stable over time. The 2022 data show the following proportions for foreigners and Italians: 16.3% vs 10.2% for white codes and 68.1% vs 64.2% for green codes, among men; 13.4% vs 9.7% for white codes and 70.5% vs 65.5% for green codes, among women.ConclusionsIt can be hypothesized that the failure to promptly or adequately care for immigrants leads to acute events that require emergency department visits for conditions that could be managed in different care settings, such as primary healthcare and specialist care. Furthermore, the use of emergency services by immigrants for less severe conditions suggests inappropriate use due to difficulties in accessing primary care.

This multicentric retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic outcomes, adherence to guideline-based recommendations, and sustainability implications of 280 initial chest CT scans performed without contrast. The scans were conducted at the Radiology Unit of the Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan and the Radiology Department of Treviglio-Caravaggio Hospital-ASST Bergamo Ovest. The study focused on optimizing patient selection and radiological recommendations to align with evidence-based guidelines. This retrospective study included 280 patients (mean age 61.68years; 51.07% women, 48.93% men) who underwent their first chest CT scan without contrast. Diagnostic outcomes were analyzed across different clinical queries. Incidental findings and radiologists' recommendations were assessed for alignment with Fleischner Society and ACR guidelines. Deviations were categorized as unnecessary imaging suggestions or missed indications. Radiation exposure was quantified using the dose-length product (DLP). Diagnostic outcomes were positive in 54.64% of cases. Incidental findings occurred in 34.64% of cases, with guideline adherence at 81.43%. Deviations included unnecessary imaging in 14.29% and missed follow-up indications in 4.28% of cases. The median DLP was 237.5mGy·cm (IQR 171.8-320.1). This study highlights significant opportunities to refine patient selection and radiological recommendations through adherence to Fleischner Society and ACR guidelines. By integrating evidence-based practices into routine workflows, the findings advocate for reduced unnecessary imaging, enhanced diagnostic pathways, and sustainable healthcare practices in chest CT imaging.

IntroductionRefusal of organ donation is influenced by a range of interconnected factors spanning donor characteristics, family dynamics, and intensive care unit (ICU) practices. This study explores the impact of donor or centre-related variables on organ donation refusal rates in Italian ICUs, among potential donors without expressed will.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 12,930 potential donors registered in the North Italian Transplant Program registry from 01/01/2010 to 31/03/2025. A linear mixed-effects model was applied to account for donor characteristics (age, timing and cause of death, geographic origin) and ICU-level variability with refusal of organ donation.ResultsIn multivariate analysis geographic origin was an independent predictor of refusal – particularly for donors from North Africa and Middle East (OR 9.59, IQR 6.25 – 14.72; p-value < 0.001), Asia (OR 7.76, IQR 5.69—10.57; p-value < 0.001), Africa (OR 6.81, IQR 4.44 – 10.45; p-value < 0.001) and eastern European (OR 2.65, IQR 2.17 – 3.23; p-value < 0.001). Also, time from event to death over 48 h was associated with higher refusal rate (OR 3.37, IQR 2.52 – 4.50, p-value < 0.001). In contrast, traumatic brain injury (OR 0.85, IQR 0.74 – 0.98; p-value 0.023) was protective. Finally, inter-ICU variability had a significant impact on refusal rates, as indicated by a Median Odds Ratio of 1.38. However, the multivariate model demonstrated weak predictive ability for organ donation refusal (AUC = 0.66).ConclusionsThis study identifies several factors independently associated with organ donation refusal. However, the overall predictive ability based on available variables remains limited. To enable individualized interventions and effectively reduce refusal rates, more comprehensive and prospective data collection is warranted.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44158-025-00282-7.

Forests have an important role for climate change mitigation; indeed, they act as carbon sinks.So, a carbon-oriented management of forests should help to provide relevant environmental benefits but also can have economic spin-offs in enhancing one of the ecosystem services provided by forests, such as carbon storage.In this sense, the creation of a voluntary market for carbon credits in forestry, also recently regulated in Europe, can represent a good economic alternative especially in forests where the productive purpose is not among the main ones, such as in some publicly owned areas.This study aims to analyse the intentions and willingness of European Natural parks managers to apply a forest management system for carbon offset production and consequently to participate in the carbon market.For this propose the Theory of Planned Behaviour was applied.Results show that attitude and perceived behavioural control have a statistically significant influence on managers' intention to participate in voluntary carbon market.On the other hand, subjective norms do not have a statistically significant influence.Moreover, findings suggest that knowledge of the topic still needs to be deepened by respondents.This should offer valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners to diffuse and promote participation in voluntary carbon markets, intensifying dissemination and assistance towards the adoption of carbon-oriented forest practices

Introduction Climate change is one of the most pressing global health threats of the 21st century, driving shifts in infectious disease patterns and facilitating the spread of mosquito-borne viruses like West Nile Virus (WNV). Lombardy, in northern Italy, is a high-risk area for WNV circulation and now represents an endemic zone in the Po River Valley. Despite the well-established impact of temperature and precipitation on mosquito population dynamics and WNV transmission, current surveillance does not incorporate climatic parameters to monitor WNV epidemiology. Objective This study aims to describe the epidemiology of WNV in Lombardy Po Valley from 2013 to 2022 and to evaluate the association between climatic factors – specifically temperature and precipitations – and the occurrence and distribution of WNV cases, in order to determine whether climate data can support more effective surveillance and warning systems. Methods A retrospective observational study using human WNV case data collected through the national surveillance system in Lombardy from 2013 to 2022 was conducted. Weekly provincial case counts were matched with meteorological data from ARPA Lombardy, including weekly average temperature and total precipitation. In the descriptive phase, we created choropleth maps showing the geographical distribution of WNV cases across across the period in Lombardy provinces. Moreover we plotted weekly time series of case prevalence per 10000 inhabitants, temperature, and precipitation to assess their temporal co-occurrence and seasonal patterns. For inferential analysis, we fitted a hurdle model with two components: (1) a logistic regression modeling the probability of WNV case occurrence, and (2) a zero-truncated Poisson regression for the count of cases, conditional on occurrence. Models included a two-week lag for temperature and a one-week lag for precipitation and fixed effects for province and year, and offset terms for population size. Results Between 2013 and 2022, 311 WNV cases were recorded in six Lombardy provinces, with a prevalence in males (74%) and individuals over 65 years (58%). Among the 164 cases with clinical classification (available from 2019 onward), 53% were neuroinvasive (WNND), while 25% were identified through blood/tissue donation. The majority of cases occurred between July and October, peaking in August (52.4%). The most affected years were 2018, 2020 and 2022. Spatially, the highest prevalence was observed in southern provinces (Cremona, Mantua, Pavia, Lodi), forming a south-north gradient. Time-series plots highlighted a recurrent seasonal alignment between rising temperatures and WNV prevalence, while precipitation showed less consistent patterns. The hurdle model confirmed a significant role of temperature: a 1°C increase (lagged two weeks) raised the odds of case occurrence by 27% (OR=1.27) and the number of cases by 11% (IRR=1.11). Precipitation (lagged one week) had no effect on outbreak onset but increased case counts by 13% (IRR=1.13) once circulation began. Provincial and inter-annual differences were significant in predicting virus occurrence but not outbreak intensity. Conclusions Temperature is the most influential factor for both triggering and amplifying WNV transmission, while precipitation acts as a secondary amplifier. This study demonstrates the critical role of short-term climatic variables, particularly temperature, in shaping WNV dynamics in Lombardy. Rising temperatures significantly increase both the probability of outbreak initiation and the intensity of transmission. While precipitation alone does not appear to initiate outbreaks, it contributes to amplifying transmission once WNV is circulating. These findings reinforce the importance of integrating climate indicators into surveillance systems to enhance early warning capacity and timely public health responses. The identification of provincial-level risk differentials and temperature thresholds can inform geographically tailored interventions. In the context of ongoing climate change, such predictive models could become essential tools to mitigate the impact of future arboviral epidemics.