Lufthansa (Germany)

Around the globe we experience a significant biodiversity loss, mainly driven by direct anthropogenic exploitation, land use changes, and climate change. The most effective strategy to limit biodiversity loss is the designation and management of protected areas. Consequently, the European Union has adopted the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, aiming to protect 30% of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by 2030. However, a consistent framework to designate protected areas across all EU member states is lacking. Additionally, the monitoring of biodiversity is challenged by the dynamic nature of the biological system, exacerbated by ongoing climate change, putting additional pressure on the member states in the identification of suitable areas for conservation. In contrast, the increasing amount of detailed geospatial and climatic data contains valuable information that can be used to optimise protected area designation. Recent developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning now provide us with powerful tools to best utilise these vast amounts of data. In this study, we develop a transparent and reproducible framework to prioritise protected areas in forests. Here we apply the CAPTAIN framework based on reinforcement learning (RL) to identify valuable forest habitats for conservation in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. First, we model habitats of ten forest bird indicator species across the period of 2016-2024. Second, we use the changing habitat patterns to train a RL model that identifies 30% of the most valuable forest sites in the federal state. Finally, we model valuable forest sites under different policies (e.g., including or excluding opportunity costs for nature conservation) to illustrate how potential limitations of nature conservation management can be addressed. Our results indicate that forest sites in the south-east of NRW are most suitable for conservation. Furthermore, we find that including opportunity costs for nature conservation in the model predictions produces similarly strong outcomes for safeguarding the most endangered bird species. The framework makes use of open-source data and can be applied to any other region or country to support strategic nature conservation management.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang optimalisasi peran Saka Wira Kartika dalam penanaman nilai-nilai bela negara dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan wilayah Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kegiatan Pembinaan Pramuka Saka Wira Kartika Kodim 0732/Sleman. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan penanaman nilai-nilai bela negara melalui pembinaan Pramuka Saka Wira Kartika di Kodim 0732/Sleman dan mengkaji optimalisasi penanaman nilai-nilai bela negara melalui pembinaan Pramuka Saka Wira Kartika dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan wilayah. Metode dalam penelitian ini yakni deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data wawancara kepada narasumber sejumlah 20 orang, observasi, studi pustaka, studi dokumentasi, dan penelusuran internet.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Saka Wira Kartika Kodim 0732/Sleman memiliki peran dalam penanaman nilai-nilai bela negara meliputi: 1) menanamkan rasa cinta tanah air; 2) menumbuhkan kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara; 3) menanamkan kesetiaan kepada Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara; 4) menumbuhkan sikap rela berkorban untuk bangsa dan negara; dan 5) membekali kemampuan awal bela negara. Namun masih dihadapkan pada beberapa kendala dan keterbatasan dalam pelaksanaannya sehingga perlu adanya upaya peningkatan dan terobosan yang komprehensif secara internal maupun eksternal. Kegiatan tersebut berimplikasi terhadap ketahanan wilayah Kabupaten Sleman dengan kontribusi sangat kuat pada aspek ideologi, sosial budaya dan pertahanan keamanan serta kontribusi sedang pada aspek politik dan ekonomi

Unlike classic audio guides, intelligent audio guides can detect users’ level of attention and help them regain focus. In this paper, we investigate the detection of mind wandering (MW) from eye movements in a use case with a long focus distance. We present a novel MW annotation method for combined audio-visual stimuli and collect annotated MW data for the use case of audio-guided city panorama viewing. In two studies, MW classifiers are trained and validated, which are able to successfully detect MW in a 1-s time window. In study 1 (n = 27), MW classifiers from gaze features with and without eye vergence are trained (area under the curve of at least 0.80). We then re-validate the classifier with unseen data (study 2, n = 31) that are annotated using a memory task and find a positive correlation (repeated measure correlation = 0.49, p < 0.001) between incorrect quiz answering and the percentage of time users spent mind wandering. Overall, this paper contributes significant new knowledge on the detection of MW from gaze for use cases with audio-visual stimuli.

ABSTRACTMachine learning methods were shown to improve the prediction accuracies of genomic prediction of resistance scores compared to methods like RR‐BLUP, which were originally designed for metric rather than ordinal response values. We conducted a cross‐validation study with 361 wheat genotypes evaluated for five fungal diseases. Our objective was to compare the prediction accuracy and the ability to identify the most resistant genotypes of 19 genomic prediction approaches. Each approach consisted of a different combination of prediction method (RR‐BLUP, an alternative method with heterogeneous marker variances, Bayesian generalized linear regression with an ordinal response, support vector machine, gradient boosting machine and random forest), predictor (single SNP markers, LD‐based haplotype blocks, 250 variables generated with an autoencoder and SNPs identified with incremental feature selection) and response value (untransformed and logit‐transformed resistance scores). In our dataset, RR‐BLUP was consistently among the methods with the largest prediction accuracies and the best abilities to identify resistant genotypes in four of five investigated traits. However, in P. triticina, using gradient boosting machine and random forest instead of RR‐BLUP increased the prediction accuracy from 0.64 to 0.71, indicating that machine learning methods may have an advantage over linear models in genomic prediction. We also found that even though there was a positive correlation between the prediction accuracy and Cohen's , a measure to judge how well the most resistant genotypes can be identified, the correlation is not perfect and a large value for the prediction accuracy does not necessarily translate into an equally large value.

IntroductionCover crop services depend on biomass production and species composition of the cover crop stand. In this study, we investigated the interactions in shoot biomass of dual cover crop mixtures and their competitiveness to suppress weeds before winter under different growing conditions.MethodsA field experiment was performed on sandy loam soil in Triesdorf, Germany, for two consecutive years. The cover crop species white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), oil radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis L.), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia J.), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and field bean (Vicia faba L.) were grown in pure stands or dual mixtures. Cover crops were sown in August, and shoot biomass was harvested at the end of the vegetation period. Cover crop shoot biomass was dried, and the share of each species and the sown test weed (Brassica napus L.) were determined.ResultsThe share of shoot biomass of a cover crop species in dual-species mixtures was closely related to its shoot biomass in its pure stand. In both years, mustard and phacelia showed similar interactions in shoot biomass production when growing with a second species. Regarding competitiveness against weeds, cruciferous species outperformed other cover crop species and could suppress weeds even if they were mixed with a less competitive partner. Weed suppression of mixtures with phacelia depended on the second component in the mixture and was more effective in a dry season. Legume species, especially Egyptian clover and common vetch could not suppress weeds in a pure stand.DiscussionOur results show that species with high weed suppression potential as single stands retain this ability in dual cover crop mixtures, regardless of the suppression potential of the second species that completes the mixture.

Many firms vie to attain a strategic bottleneck position in their industry, as it promises superior value appropriation over an extended period. Using a mixed-methods approach, we investigated the power dynamics between bottleneck and challenger segments in the airline ticket distribution sector. Our study of the bottleneck formed by the global distribution system (GDS) firms reveals the mechanisms that these firms employed to maintain power, as well as the mechanisms that airlines in the challenger segment used to attain power. These mechanisms strongly influenced the momentum of power shifts as the industry evolved towards greater modularization; we show how they worked recursively in a process of power distribution dynamics during that evolution. In addition, these mechanisms explain the dynamics at work between the incumbent and challenger segments, with airlines increasing the pressure to modularize and the GDS firms resisting that pressure. Our findings contribute to the literature on industry architectural change and industry evolution by providing a comprehensive understanding of the power dynamics that affect when and how strategic bottlenecks dissolve.

Dr Peter'), in Deutsche Lufthansa AG v Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela under article 10(1) of the UNCI-TRAL Arbitration Rules 1976 3 ('the UNCITRAL Rules') ('the Decision').He concluded that from the perspective of a reasonable, fair and informed third party there was a clear risk that Dr Peter might be influenced by his colleague Professor Pierre Tercier, who had given an award against Venezuela in another case involving similar factual and legal issues. 4 The Decision is noteworthy because successful challenges to arbitrators are rare at ICSID 5 and the PCA. 6However, it is also interesting because of its unspoken deviation from established jurisprudence on the threshold for finding a 'disqualifying risk of pre-judgment' 7 and its transfer from one arbitrator to another at the same law firm.This case comment reviews the background to the dispute (Section II), addresses the findings in the Decision (Section III), and comments on them in the context of existing jurisprudence and their significance for future challenges (Section IV).

Tending to a patient with a medical emergency on board a plane may be a stressful situation even for experienced physicians.In an interview with ESC TV Today, Dr Thomas Schmitt, Head Physician of Lufthansa in Frankfurt, provides important facts and information around medical emergencies on board commercial passenger flights.The following is a shortened version of the interview featured in the eighth episode of ESC TV Today which was released on 26 January 2023.ESC TV Today episodes are freely accessible for 2 weeks after their release and subsequently remain accessible for ESC Professional Members.ESC TV Today is hosted on ESC365, the ESC Online Knowledge Hub, at esc365.escardio.org/esc-tv-today.ESC TV Today: On a flight, we may hear a call requesting assistance for a passenger who is unwell and many physicians may feel insecure about tending to a passenger with a medical problem.Let's approach this a bit systematically -how frequent are medical emergencies on board commercial passenger flights?Dr T. Schmitt: The majority of in-flight emergencies occur during intercontinental flights.There is 1 incident for every 10 000-40 000 passengers.Statistically speaking, a frequent traveller has a 95% probability of facing an on-board medical incident within 24 intercontinental flights.Fortunately, most in-flight medical events are minor and severe events are very rare.ESC TV Today: What are the most frequent types of medical emergency?Dr T. Schmitt: About 10% are accidents, 30% are gastrointestinal problems, and around 40% are neurological or cardiovascular conditions such as headache, dizziness, syncope, shortness of breath, or chest pain.In-flight CPR or death occurs only in 1 per 5-10 million passengers.ESC TV Today: What sort of equipment is available on board?

Airlines are faced with the challenge of reducing their environmental footprint in an effort to push for climate-neutral initiatives that comply with international regulations. In the past, the aviation industry has followed the approach of incremental improvement of fuel efficiency while simultaneously experiencing significant growth in annual air traffic. With the increase in air traffic negating any reduction in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, more disruptive technologies such as hydrogen-based onboard power generation are required to reduce the environmental impact of airline operations. However, despite initial euphoria and first conceptual studies for hydrogen-powered aircraft several decades ago, there still has been no mass adoption to this day. Besides the challenges of a suitable ground infrastructure, this can partly be attributed to uncertainties with the associated maintenance requirements and the expected operating costs to demonstrate the economic viability of this technology. With this study, we address this knowledge gap by estimating changes towards scheduled maintenance activities for an airborne hydrogen storage and distribution system. In particular, we develop a detailed system design for a hydrogen-powered, fuel-cell-based auxiliary power generation and perform a comparative analysis with an Airbus A320 legacy system. That analysis allows us to (a) identify changes for the expected maintenance effort to enhance subsequent techno-economic assessments, (b) identify implications of specific design assumptions with corresponding maintenance activities while ensuring regulatory compliance and (c) describe the impact on the resulting task execution. The thoroughly examined interactions between system design and subsequent maintenance requirements of this study can support practitioners in the development of prospective hydrogen-powered aircraft. In particular, it allows the inclusion of maintenance implications in early design stages of corresponding system architectures. Furthermore, since the presented methodology is transferable to different design solutions, it provides a blueprint for alternative operating concepts such as the complete substitution of kerosene by hydrogen to power the main engines.