Lviv National Musical Academy named after Mykola Lysenko

Neuroimaging plays a central role in modern neuroanatomy education and neurological diagnosis, yet its roots trace back to the foundational era of X-ray technology. This article examines the historical trajectory of early X-ray methods, with particular focus on the pioneering, though often overlooked, contributions of Johann Puluj. Although early X-rays could not image the brain or spinal cord, they enabled detailed imaging of the skull and vertebral column, structures essential to neuroanatomical understanding. Puluj's innovations, including the use of an inclined anticathode, led to high-quality skeletal radiographs, such as the first published full-body X-ray of a stillborn infant taken on February 2, 1896, and published in the Prague newspaper on February 11 and in a British professional journal in April of the same year. These images laid the groundwork for radiographic anatomy and served as early teaching tools in medical education. By correlating skeletal changes with neurological conditions such as increased intracranial pressure, neurofibromatosis, or congenital malformations, plain radiographs established the early logic of clinical neuroimaging. The conceptual frameworks they introduced for understanding neuroanatomy, for teaching its principles, and for applying them in clinical practice were subsequently expanded by the advent of more advanced dynamic radiographic techniques. Recognizing Puluj's pioneering contributions to the history of X-ray discovery not only restores accuracy to the scientific record but also emphasizes the lasting educational significance of early imaging practices. This study highlights the importance of incorporating historical perspectives into neuroanatomy curricula to enrich learners' appreciation of modern imaging techniques and their foundational origins.

Background. The introduction of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has transformed pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) from a life-threatening disease often requiring transplantation into a manageable chronic condition. However, this success necessitates a shift in clinical focus from acute survival to the multi-system, long-term toxicities incurred over a lifetime of therapy. Objective. The systematic scoping review synthesizes evidence from 2021 to the present, evaluating the comparative efficacy of TKI generations, long-term developmental and reproductive safety, and the complex cardiovascular and hemostatic risks in children and adolescents with CML. Methods. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published from January 2021. Key guidelines from the last decade were included. Observational studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOQAS). Data were extracted and synthesized narratively across six key domains: 1) epidemiology, 2) comparative efficacy, 3) growth and endocrine safety, 4) fertility and reproductive safety, 5) cardiovascular and hemostatic safety, and 6) emergent therapies. Results. Pediatric CML presents with more aggressive features (e. g., higher leukocytosis, larger splenomegaly) than adult CML. While second-generation (2G) TKIs (dasatinib, nilotinib) demonstrate superior rates of deep and rapid molecular response (DMR) compared to imatinib, this has not translated into a proven overall survival (OS) benefit. However, achieving DMR is a prerequisite for treatment-free remission (TFR), a critical goal in pediatrics to mitigate long-term toxicities. Safety analysis revealed significant, TKI class-effect toxicities, including high rates of short stature (up to 26.5% in pre-pubertal patients) and low bone mineral density (35.2%). Growth impairment is comparable across imatinib and 2G-TKIs. A critical, sex-specific risk exists for fertility, with TKI teratogenicity confirmed in maternal exposure (5% anomaly rate) but not in paternal exposure, where large registry data show no increased risk. A critical analysis of “cardiovascular risk” reveals a divergent hemostatic risk spectrum: Nilotinib and ponatinib confer a pro-thrombotic (arterial, venous) risk, whereas dasatinib induces an anti-platelet (hemorrhagic) risk via SRC-kinase inhibition. Surveys confirm these specific risks are poorly recognized, with no standardized surveillance in pediatric practice. Conclusions. TKI selection in pediatric CML must evolve beyond efficacy alone to a multi-disciplinary, risk-stratified model. This includes balancing the TFR-enabling efficacy of 2G-TKIs against their specific toxicity profiles. This review proposes a “Hemostatic Risk Spectrum” as an essential framework, mandating that TKI selection be guided by the patient’s baseline hemostatic risk (e. g., avoiding nilotinib in thrombophilia, avoiding dasatinib in bleeding disorders). Standardized protocols for monitoring endocrine, metabolic, and hemostatic health are urgently required to ensure safe, long-term survivorship.

Background. According to the biopsychosocial model of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), early childhood factors play an important role, particularly infant stress influenced by parental behavior. The earliest manifestations of such stress are newborn regulatory disturbances and FGIDs in infancy. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between early manifestations of infant stress, namely regulation disorders and FGIDs in young children, and the formation of FGIDs in older children. Materials and methods. A total of 132 children with FGIDs (study group, SG) were examined, including 68 with irritable bowel syndrome (SG1) and 64 with functional dyspepsia (SG2). The control group (CG) consisted of 60 healthy children. A detailed history (family history method) of the first year of life was taken, with an assessment of early stress markers (regulatory disturbances and infant FGIDs) on a yes/no basis. Results. Children in the SG had a significantly higher prevalence of early regulatory disturbances and FGIDs compared with the CG. No significant differences were found between SG1 and SG2. Following symptoms were reported during infancy in the SG: infantile colic — in 39 cases (29.5 %), which persis­ted beyond 3 months in 7 (5.3 %) of them; regurgitation — in 42 (31.8 %), of which in 8 (6.1 %) led to weight loss; bowel movements disturbances — in 31 (25.3 %) (mostly constipations); sleep disturbances — in 30 (22.7 %) cases; excessive excitability, prolonged crying, or hyperesthesia — in 31 (23.5 %). Combination of one to two disturbances were most common in both SG and CG, whereas 3–4 disturbances were observed in 12 children in the SG and only one in the CG. Most mothers of SG children (81; 61.4 %) described their emotional state during the child’s first year of life as anxious, with persistent fatigue and a lack of confidence in their caregiving abilities. Conclusions. Infant regulatory disturbances represent a significant risk factor for FGIDs in later childhood. No associations were identified between particular types of early regulatory disturbances and specific FGIDs in older children. Early intervention, involving a multidisciplinary approach to the management of an infant with stress symptoms, may reduce or even eliminate this significant risk factor for later FGID development in older children.

Cultural transformation profoundly influences human consciousness, spirituality, philosophy, and traditions, shaping how individuals perceive themselves and society. This process manifests in the creation of a multilayered cultural identity that ensures freedom of expression while reflecting both continuity and fluctuation. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of evolving cultural trends, shifting from continuity to cultural fluidity, on personal identification. The methodological framework combines structural and conceptual analysis, questionnaires, and Pearson’s statistical calculations. Findings reveal that stages of cultural continuity, including primitive society, antiquity, and the Middle Ages, strongly shaped individual identification within collective frameworks. In contrast, cultural fluidity, characteristic of modernism, postmodernism, and the digital age, has fostered greater social independence and a search for new meanings through cultural interaction. Current trends such as digitalization, polycentricity, ethics, decolonization, and new cultural orientations reinforce the perception of culture as a sphere of direct human participation and engagement with history. The analysis showed that respondents in Group 1 (younger generation) are more oriented toward cultural fluidity (73%), which facilitates the revision of established values and the embrace of change. Meanwhile, respondents in Group 2 (older generation) prefer cultural continuity (68%), reflecting their inclination to preserve traditional norms. Importantly, 82% of students in Group 1 reported a strengthened sense of belonging, expanding their worldview. Their adaptability was further confirmed through situational tasks, where they achieved the highest results in integrating into a European university setting (S=0.83; 4.7 points).

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis is a major vascular access complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients, contributing to increased morbidity. Statins, known for their pleiotropic effects, may reduce AVF thrombosis risk, but evidence on dose-dependent effects is limited. This study evaluated the association between statin use, dose intensity, and AVF thrombosis in HD patients. Methods. A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 562 HD patients with native AVFs across 10 dialysis clinics (May 2021–April 2025). Patients were categorized by statin use (users vs. non-users) and dose intensity (moderate vs. high vs. none). The primary outcome was AVF thrombosis; death was treated as a competing event. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models, adjusted for age, diabetes, dialysis vintage, Kt/V, glucose, calcium, blood flow, and pre-HD cardiovascular disease, were used to assess thrombosis risk. Results. Of 562 patients (median follow-up 59 months), 212 (37.7%) were statin users. AVF thrombosis occurred in 54 (9.6%) patients, with 11 (7.1%) in statin users vs. 43 (10.6%) in non-users (p = 0.006). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed lower thrombosis probability in statin users (log-rank p = 0.001), with high-intensity users having the lowest risk (p = 0.004). In the unadjusted Fine and Gray model, high-intensity statins were associated with reduced thrombosis risk (sHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.59–0.97, p = 0.03), with a significant dose-dependent trend (p = 0.018). The adjusted model showed no significant association (moderate: sHR 0.67, p = 0.16; high: sHR 0.57, p = 0.26). Conclusions. Statin use, particularly high-intensity, may reduce AVF thrombosis risk in HD patients, with a dose-dependent trend in unadjusted analyses. However, adjusted results were non-significant, possibly due to limited events. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and optimize statin therapy for vascular access preservation.

In the middle of the twentieth century, when European ethnomusicology started developing on the initiative of Bela Bartok, Filaret Kolessa and Stanislaw Lyudkevich, began to develop a methodology for the study of music dialects, the young Ukrainian scientist Volodymyr Hoshovsky joined the process. He went his own way. His innovative approach was to combine the work of related sciences: lingual geography and ethnomusicology. Ukrainian ethnomusicologist Vira Madyar-Novak examines the first publications of V. Hoshovsky in the context of music dialectology, expands and clarifies information about the early stage of his work.

Pop vocals play a significant role in today’s music industry and cultural environment. The pop style of singing has become extremely popular among young people, which determines the relevance of studying the methods of teaching pop vocals, which is characterized by technical features, emotional expression and the use of specific artistic techniques. The purpose of this study is to study effective approaches and create the own methods of teaching pop vocals, in particular, the formation of vocal qualities, to support and develop the potential of young performers. The analytical method, typological approach and generalization were used in the research work. As a result of the research, the key aspects and factors influencing the successful adaptation of young performers to the pop style of singing were revealed. As a result of the scientific work, it was established the importance of systematic classes and vocal practice for achieving a high level of vocal skill. As a result of the research work, it was possible to develop a method of teaching pop vocals, aimed at the effective formation of vocal qualities in young performers. This technique took into account the key aspects and factors influencing the successful adaptation of young performers to the pop style of singing. The developed method of teaching pop vocals can be used as a basis for the systematic and step-by-step development of vocal abilities of young performers. It is aimed at improving voice quality, control of performance technique, musical interpretation and stage presentation. The obtained work results can be used to improve approaches to teaching pop vocals and developing musical talents in young performers. This research can serve as a basis for further research and development in the field of pop singing and music pedagogy.

Introduction: The cervical screening goal is to detect and treat precancers before cancer. We wanted to understand why errors in the clinical diagnostic and management of patients with persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV); infection occur in gynecological practice. Aim: Aim of the study was to evaluate 3 clinically important complications of situations for women aged 18-45 years. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy by colposcopy visualization, cytology and biopsy results, and presence of HPV infection. We aimed to analyze the false-negative (FN) cytology diagnoses inpatients with presence of HPV, colposcopy visualization, histologically proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2-3. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of errors in the management of patients was carried out, in treatment methods, especially with the use of cryodestruction, colposcopy pictures, results of cytological and histological conclusion, results of examination for oncogenic types of papillomavirus were presented. Discussion: After analyzing all errors in the management of patients with persistence of papillomavirus and preliminary cryotherapy of the cervix, the main reasons that led to the progression of the disease up to cervical cancer were noted. Conclusion: In the presence of papillomavirus, cryodestruction of the cervix is not advisable, even if no cervical dysplasia was detected by histological conclusions.

Останніми роками з'явились наукові дослідження, що присвячені протіканню травматичної хвороби у постраждалих з флотуючим стегном, однак у відкритому доступі ми майже не знайшли робіт, присвячених вивченню впливу причин та механізму цієї травми на перебіг травматичного процесу, що і спонукало нас до виконання цієї роботи. Для виконання нашого дослідження нами було проаналізовано 167 випадків політравми з поєднаним пошкодженням вертлюгової западини та проксимального відділу стегна, що лікувались у Київській міській клінічній лікарні швидкої медичної допомоги у період з 2013 по 2022 роки. У пацієнтів з флотуючим стегном і політравмою основною причиною пошкодження було ДТП, що траплялось у більшості пацієнтів, а виробничий травматизм був більш притаманний пацієнтам, що померли. Серед механізмів травми у пацієнтів, що вижили, переважав прямий удар, а серед пацієнтів, що померли, -падіння з висоти, однак в обох випадках у результаті високоенергетичної травми. Отримані дані корелюють з недавніми дослідженнями, що присвячені проблемі флотуючого стегна та політравмі. Ключові слова: сполучена травма, перелом стегна та таза, постраждалі, високоенергетична травма.