M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University

The article reviews the collection of works “Journalism Born in Flames (Ut echende tugan matbugat)”, compiled by Alfiya Shamova. In this book, based on archival documents, the author provides an overview of the multifaceted work done by Tatar correspondent writers who brought the harsh truth about the events in the fronts of the Great Patriotic War to the entire Soviet people. The articles have supplementary illustrative material, which complements the work, providing an opportunity to get acquainted with front-line newspapers and front-line correspondents

Currently, cultural studies are seeing a rise in research aimed at comprehending new forms of artistic practice within the context of global sociocultural transformations. One of the key phenomena representing this dynamic is art residencies, which function as platforms for intensive cultural exchange and the production of relevant meanings. This article proposes an innovative analytical approach based on the synthesis of classical culturological paradigms: P. Sorokin's theory of sociocultural dynamics, S.N. Ikonnikova's concept of the dialogue of cultures, and A. Lefebvre's theory of the production of social space. We have previously established that each of these theories possesses significant heuristic potential for analyzing contemporary art processes. Depending on the specific context of a residency (e.g., its location in a post-industrial center or a remote rural area), the dominant processes can be interpreted through the prism of Sorokinian shifts in value systems, Ikonnikovian dialogue, or Lefebvrian construction of spaces, as evidenced by the results of this work. This research is dedicated to developing a comprehensive inter-paradigm model and demonstrating its application for analyzing art residencies as concentrated models of sociocultural dynamics. The theoretical model and a diagram of the interaction of research paradigms are presented. The results of the analysis of specific art residency case studies, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach, are presented.

This study explores the role of vernacular toponyms as cognitive and communicative anchors in globalized linguistic environments. The research addresses how local place names, often neglected in formal cartography, preserve cultural memory and linguistic identity while facilitating cross-cultural understanding. Using a mixed qualitative–cognitive approach, the study analyzes English and Kazakh vernacular toponyms collected from online discourse, local narratives, and digital maps. The findings reveal that vernacular toponyms function not merely as spatial markers but as carriers of embodied memory, emotion, and identity. They provide insight into how communities linguistically negotiate belonging in a globalized context. The study concludes that preserving vernacular place names strengthens linguistic diversity and fosters intercultural dialogue in global communication.

The dependence of the potential barrier height at the metal/polymer interface on the number of elastic deformation cycles of the metal was studied. The objects of the study were structural steel and a wide-bandgap dielectric polymer from the poly(arylene phthalide) class, poly(diphenylene phthalide). It was found that the dependence has a complex form with a periodic component. With a relatively small number of deformation cycles, a sharp decrease in the barrier height is observed, and then small fluctuations. The barrier height increases as the number of cycles approaches the threshold value at which the sample fracture occurs. Immediately before the fracture, a sharp decrease in the potential barrier height is observed. In this case, the polymer film can transition to a state with high conductivity. That is, electronic switching occurs. The absolute change in the barrier height was ∼250 meV, and the change in resistance from 2 to 6 orders of magnitude, which can be used to develop a method for non-destructive testing of the state of metals.

The article presents a study on the problem of insufficient scientific and methodological support for the professional development of methodologists in municipal methodological services within the context of modern educational transformations. It analyzes the systemic contradiction between the increasing demands placed on methodologists' professional activities and the absence of a comprehensive training system that considers the specifics of working within a municipal educational system. Particular attention is paid to the necessity of bridging the gap between traditional forms of support and modern challenges such as the digitalization of education and the implementation of project-based and networked work formats. The purpose of the article is to develop and theoretically substantiate a comprehensive model of methodological support for the professional development of municipal methodological service methodologists, ensuring the systematic formation of their professional competencies in line with the current needs of the municipal education system. The research is based on a systematic combination of modern methodological approaches: activity-based, competence-based, person-centered, and andragogical, with a theoretical foundation in the cultural-historical concept and the theory of professional development. A set of complementary research methods is employed, including in-depth theoretical analysis of psychological-pedagogical literature and regulatory documents, modeling and design methods, comparative analysis, and scientific generalization. A distinctive feature of the methodological approach is the integration of the principles of subjectivity, actualization of personal experience, and flexibility of educational pathways. The results consist in the creation of an innovative author's model of methodological support, representing a holistic system of professional development. The article investigates the structural and functional characteristics of the model and defines four key interconnected components: goal-setting, diagnostic, content-related/technological, and monitoring. The system-forming role of comprehensive diagnostics is revealed, enabling the formation of an individual risk profile for the methodologist and the design of personalized educational pathways. It is substantiated that the proposed model ensures the holistic professional development of municipal methodological service methodologists through the implementation of a system of assessment materials and comprehensive indicators of professional effectiveness, including readiness for independent work, engagement in the work process, and motivation for self-development. Conclusions are drawn that the developed model of methodological support is characterized by structural integrity, content flexibility, and organizational adaptability to the dynamically changing educational environment. Successful practical experience in testing the model is summarized, confirming its effectiveness for significantly improving the quality of municipal-level methodological services. The particular importance of the model for addressing current tasks in the development of regional educational systems under modern socio-cultural transformations, including digitalization and the implementation of new educational standards, is emphasized. The potential for further research into the possibilities of scaling the model to other levels of the education system is noted.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) function as engineered ecosystems in which microbial consortia mediate nutrient cycling, xenobiotic degradation, and heavy metal detoxification. This review discusses a forward-looking roadmap that integrates microbial ecology, multi-omics diagnostics, and artificial intelligence (AI) for next-generation treatments. Meta-analyses suggest that a globally conserved core microbiome indicates sludge functions, with high predictive value for treatment stability. Multi-omics approaches, including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and environmental DNA (eDNA) profiling, have integrated microbial composition with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, showing that WWTPs contribute 2–5% of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Emerging AI-enhanced eDNA models have achieved >90% predictive accuracy for effluent quality and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) prevalence, facilitating near-real-time monitoring and adaptive control of effluent quality. Key advances include microbial strategies for degrading organic pollutants, pesticides, and heavy metals and monitoring industrial effluents. This review highlights both translational opportunities, including engineered microbial consortia, AI-driven digital twins and molecular indices, and persistent barriers, including ARG dissemination, resilience under environmental stress and regulatory integration. Future WWTPs are envisioned as adaptive, climate-conscious biorefineries that recover resources, mitigate ecological risks, and reduce their carbon footprint.

The research aims to identify the specific features of the realization of the philosophical element in Richard Wright’s works “The Man Who Lived Underground” and “The Outsider”. Both works are traditionally characterized by literary scholars as philosophical, however, the specifics of the manifestation of their philosophical nature differ significantly. Scientific originality consists in proving that the novella “The Man Who Lived Underground” can be defined as philosophical only as an evaluative judgment, emphasizing the depth and significance of the problems raised in the work, while the novel “The Outsider” has the characteristics of a philosophical novel as a literary genre. As a result of the research, distinctive genre features of philosophical fiction in the novel “The Outsider” were identified, revealed in comparison with the earlier novella. Such features include a conscious reliance on theoretical sources, numerous allusions to the works of existentialist philosophers, endowing the protagonist with the characteristics of a purposeful seeker of truth who is experiencing a process of dynamic personality formation, and constructing the plot of the work as a way to effectively test an idea in various life situations.

Sustainable agriculture and food security are challenged by the indiscriminate use of synthetic nitrogen (N2) fertilizers, inefficient water management, and land degradation. Hydroponic cultivation uses nutrient-rich aqueous media and is a climate-resilient and resource-efficient alternative to traditional farming methods, whose dependence on synthetic N2 fertilizers reduces their long-term sustainability. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which is mediated by diazotrophs that reduce atmospheric N2 to plant-available ammonium, has emerged as a sustainable alternative to synthetic N2 input in hydroponic systems. This review discusses the integration of BNF into hydroponic systems by exploring the functional diversity of diazotrophs, root–microbe interactions, and environmental constraints. It further highlights recent advances in strain improvement, microbial consortia development, nitrogenase protection, and genome editing tools, novel bioformulation strategies to enhance microbial compatibility with hydroponic nutrient regimes, and omics-based tools for the real-time assessment of N2 fixation and microbial functionality. Key challenges, such as microbial leaching, nitrate-induced inhibition of nitrogenase activity, and the absence of standardized biostimulant protocols, are discussed. Case studies on staple crops have demonstrated enhanced NUE and yield productivity following diazotroph applications. This review concludes with future perspectives on synthetic biology, regulatory policies, and omics-based tools for the real-time assessment of N2 fixation and microbial functionality.

The academic research is targeted at introducing the readers to this complex reality of music education in Russia, based on serious empirical work. The discussion covers a wide area: from traditional national music, which is representative of important cultural and historical values, to the contemporary rich variety within this musical landscape, and an extraordinary development within a series of styles and technologies. It specifically addresses such questions from this national music platform as special notational values of the music in performance practice, a description of traditional uses of such instruments as Uray Kurai, and other highly distinctive vocal arts used for throat singing. The features and characteristic processes of such pop genres as rock-and-roll in modern music are looked into even closer, as is a history of development and enormous contribution to the spirit of the hip-hop genre.

This article is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the possibilities for integrating Russian musical-educational technologies into secondary school education in China. The aim of the research is to develop a scientifically substantiated system for integrating Russian musical-educational technologies into secondary school music lessons in China. The work presents a systematic analysis of the current state of music education in both countries, identifying the key components of the Russian musical education system that possess the greatest potential for integration. Particular attention is paid to five main areas: musical-theoretical training; vocal-choral art; instrumental performance; musical-computer technologies; and the poly-artistic approach. The novelty of the research lies in the development of specific mechanisms for integrating Russian methodologies into the Chinese system of school music education, taking into account the cultural characteristics and educational traditions of China, as well as in the creation of a criteria-based framework for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Based on an analysis of the current state of music education in China, a model for the phased implementation of Russian educational technologies is proposed, methodological recommendations for their adaptation are developed, and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of integration processes are defined.