MSN Laboratories (India)

Soil moisture helps to determine the crop growth, disaster management, climatology and ecology. Soil moisture is highly influenced by vegetation cover. The current study was performed in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh on March 29, 2023, to estimate soil moisture using Landsat 8 data and biophysical parameters. This study also assessed the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) and their response to soil moisture. Additionally, it coupled NDVI-LST feature space-derived dry and wet edge best fit coefficient parameters with the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) and Soil Moisture Index (SMI) equations to produce a spatial distribution of soil moisture availability. The LST and NDVI results help to extract Soil Surface Moisture (SSM) more effectively using an optical remote sensing approach. The soil moisture inversion model (TVDI) and SMI algorithm provide a better representation of the spatial distribution of soil moisture in Varanasi district. A linear and strong correlation exists between in-situ soil moisture data and TVDI (R2 = 0.6812), as well as a positive relationship between in-situ soil moisture data and SMI (R2 = 0.6848). It was found that LST and NDVI helped to generate the TVDI and SMI equations using the triangle model, and both equations demonstrated a strong correlation with in-situ data (R2 of TVDI = 0.6812, R2 of SMI = 0.6848).

A demonstrations were conducted in farmers field during the Kharif 2023 and 2024 in the Vikarabad district of Telangana to evaluate the performance of High-Density Planting System (HDPS) against traditional farmer's practices in cotton cultivation under ICAR-CICR special project on cotton by DAATT Centre Vikarabad. The results indicated that the HDPS treatment (T1) recorded a lower average plant height (101.35 cm) and a reduced average number of bolls per plant (23.5) when compared to the farmer's practice, which achieved an average plant height of 126.3 cm and an average of 36.5 bolls per plant. Despite of this, the HDPS system recorded 24.51 q/ha over farmers practice 18.03 q/ha, which is 36% higher than the farmer's practice. Economic analysis revealed that the HDPS system generated substantially higher net profits of ₹77,999 with a benefit-cost (B:C) ratio of 1.79, compared to ₹43,489.50 and a B:C ratio of 1.49 under the farmer's practice. This system of HDPS cotton ensures a viable and profitable alternative to traditional cotton farming practices, offering a pathway to enhanced productivity and sustainability for cotton growers in the region.

An efficient process for the preparation of chirally pure obeticholic acid [1, (6α, 7α), OCA] with an overall yield of 30.78% from compound 5 (CDCA) is presented in this article. During the process development, there is a requirement for characterization of physical samples of all the possible diastereomers of 1 such as 2 (6β, 7α), 3 (6β, 7β), and 4 (6α, 7β) to designate the peaks for the quantitative measurement of their contents in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All these diastereomers (2, 3, and 4) are synthesized, separated using preparative HPLC, and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. This paper describes the fate and control mechanism of the diastereomeric and process- and degradation-related impurities in detail.

Abstract A practical and effective approach towards the synthesis of 3‐heteroaryl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones by the oxidative [1,2] rearrangement of the respective 2‐heteroaryl chroman‐4‐ones using thallium(III) p‐tosylate is presented. The oxidative rearrangement of α‐ and β‐naphthyl and thiophene substituents behaves like aryl groups; However, pyridyl substituents gave only dehydrogenated products.

The origin, isolation, and characterization of (Z)-isopropyl 7-((1R, 2R, 3R, 5S)-2-((1E, 3Z)-3-fluoro-4-phenoxybuta-1, 3-dienyl)-3, 5-dihydroxycyclopentyl) hept-5-enoate, an impurity found in the preparation of an anti-glaucoma agent-Tafluprost has been described in this study. Further, an enantiospecific synthesis of (Z)-isopropyl 7-((1R, 2R, 3R, 5S)-2-((1E, 3Z)- 3-fluoro-4-phenoxybuta-1, 3-dienyl)-3, 5-dihydroxycyclopentyl) hept-5-enoate has been revealed using deoxofluorination as a key transformation of the strategy. Moreover, the impurity showing anti-glaucoma properties in docking studies with respect to bimatoprost has been described. The extention of our work towards docking studies and the present impurity molecule showed almost the same biological activity with respect to Tafluprost.

A series of coumarin‐substituted 1,3‐thiazine‐2‐thione derivatives (4a–m) were synthesized via the multicomponent reaction of 3‐chloro‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)acrylaldehyde (1) carbon disulfide (2), and various primary amines (3), in presence of triethylamine and acetonitrile under stirring with good yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral studies. Further, the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines (A549, MDA‐MB‐231, MCF7, HeLa, and B16F10). Studies on the molecular interactions to recognize the hypothetical binding motif of the title compounds with the target Hsp 100 were carried out employing the Schrodinger software. Compounds 4a, 4c and 4m showed activity against all the five cell lines compared with the reference drug, and 4a exhibited the least IC50 concentration of 7.56 ± 1.07 μg/mL against MCF7. This in vitro anticancer result was supported by in silico docking and in silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) studies as well.

Seven unknown impurities in Repaglinide bulk drug batches at below 0.1% (ranging from 0.05 to 0.10%) were detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method. These impurities were isolated from the crude sample of Repaglinide using preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC). Based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) study, the chemical structures of seven new impurities (8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16) were presumed and characterized as 4-(cyanomethyl)-2-ethoxybenzoic acid (8), 4-(cyanomethyl)-2-ethoxy-N-(3-methyl-1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)butyl)benzamide (9), 4-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-2-ethoxy-N-(3-methyl-1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)butyl) benzamide (10) and 2-(3-ethoxy-4-((3-methyl-1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)butyl) carbamoyl) phenyl) acetic acid (11) and 4-(cyanomethyl)-N-cyclohexyl-2-ethoxybenzamide (13), 2-(4-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-3-ethoxyphenyl) acetic acid (14) and N-cyclohexyl-4-(2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-ethoxybenzamide (16). The complete spectral analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR), 13 C NMR, MS, and infrared (IR) confirmed the proposed chemical structures of impurities. Identification, structural characterization, formation, and their synthesis was first reported in this study. The impurity 11 was crystallized and structure was solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.