Manado State University

Background: The digital era has profoundly transformed human interaction, communication, and information management across virtually all sectors of society. These changes are closely linked to the role of computer networks, which serve as the foundational infrastructure enabling rapid, secure, and integrated data exchange. The exponential growth of internet-connected devices, cloud computing services, and real-time communication platforms has placed computer networks at the center of contemporary digital civilization. Objective: This literature review analyzes the implementation of computer networks across various sectors by examining scientific publications, research reports, and institutional data, with the aim of identifying their strategic roles, contributions, and ongoing challenges in supporting digital transformation. Methods: A literature review methodology was employed by gathering and systematically analyzing relevant sources including peer-reviewed journals, books, government reports, and institutional publications. The approach focused on synthesizing existing knowledge across multiple sectors to provide a comprehensive understanding of computer networks' evolving role in the digital era. Results: The findings demonstrate that computer networks play strategic roles in global communication, digital education, technology-driven economies, modern governance, industrial automation and IoT, cybersecurity, and international collaboration. Computer networks function not merely as technical tools but as strategic pillars supporting the development of an inclusive and sustainable digital ecosystem. Conclusion: Computer networks are essential to global digital transformation. Optimizing their use requires robust infrastructure development, adaptive regulatory frameworks, improved digital literacy, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to ensure equitable and sustainable network access across all societal sectors.

This study aims to analyze the influence of principals’ technological leadership and teachers’ digital competence on the readiness for implementing coding and artificial intelligence-based learning in senior high schools in Langowan District. Employing a quantitative approach with a survey method, the study involved 79 teacher respondents through questionnaire data collection that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression assisted by SPSS software. The results indicate that principals’ technological leadership has a positive and significant effect on implementation readiness. Furthermore, teachers’ digital competence is also proven to have a positive and significant effect on such readiness. Simultaneously, these two variables contribute a significant influence of 68.8% to the readiness for implementing coding and artificial intelligence-based learning. These findings conclude that strengthening technological leadership and enhancing teachers’ digital competence are strategic factors in successfully advancing educational transformation in the digital era

This study aims to analyze the influence of the principal's transformational leadership and organizational climate on teacher performance at SMA Negeri 9 Manado. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population of the study consisted of 124 teachers, with a sample of 94 teachers determined using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, and then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the principal's transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance with a t-value of 2.598 and a significance level of 0.011 (<0.05). Organizational climate also has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance with a t-value of 7.071 and a significance level of 0.001 (<0.05). Simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect on teacher performance with an F-value of 141.782 and a significance level of 0.001 (<0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.752 indicates that 75.2% of the variation in teacher performance is influenced by these two variables. It can be concluded that improving transformational leadership and a conducive organizational climate can enhance teacher performance.

This research analyzes the relationship between the Quality Management System (QMS) and Cybersecurity in three key sectors: banking, industry, and educational institutions. QMS plays a crucial role in developing a culture of quality, compliance with standards, and continuous improvement. On the other hand, Cybersecurity is essential for protecting data, assets, and public trust from cyberattack threats. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the implementation of QMS and the effectiveness of Cybersecurity methods in these three different sectors. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach through literature analysis, which includes the study of international standards such as ISO 9001 and ISO 27001, as well as related academic articles. The results of the study indicate that a well-planned and coordinated implementation between QMS and Cybersecurity can produce a more flexible, accountable, and sustainable management system. These findings have practical implications for organizations in developing quality policies and cybersecurity initiatives that mutually support one another.

Tradisi Malam Monuntul di Desa Moyag, Kotamobagu, merupakan salah satu tradisi yang memiliki nilai sosial dan budaya yang mendalam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan pesan moral dalam Tradisi Malam Monuntul serta penerapannya dalam pembelajaran sastra. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini melibatkan masyarakat Desa Moyag, Kotamobagu, yang terlibat langsung dalam tradisi tersebut. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan mengklasifikasikan dan menyimpulkan temuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pesan moral dalam tradisi Monuntul meliputi nilai kebersamaan dan gotong royong, kepedulian terhadap lingkungan dan sesama, penghargaan terhadap waktu dan ibadah, keseimbangan kehidupan dunia dan akhirat, rasa syukur dan penghargaan terhadap nikmat Tuhan, serta penghormatan terhadap tradisi dan identitas budaya. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya penerapan nilai-nilai tersebut dalam pembelajaran sastra untuk mengembangkan pemahaman budaya dan sosial siswa.

The increasing availability of biomass residues such as patchouli distillation waste and rice husk presents an opportunity for renewable energy production; however, their utilization remains limited due to the lack of efficient and safe small-scale processing equipment. Developing practical briquette production systems is therefore essential to support sustainable energy use at household and MSME levels. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a hydraulic briquette press capable of producing biomass briquettes from patchouli distillation waste and rice husk while enhancing operational safety, maintenance efficiency, and usability for small-scale production. Method: The research employed an engineering research-and-development approach involving machine design, prototype fabrication, and functional testing. Data were collected through technical observation and performance monitoring of pressing cycles, followed by descriptive analysis to evaluate operational functionality, safety response, and cleaning effectiveness. Findings: The developed press integrates a pressure-sensor-based safety system and an automatic pneumatic cleaning mechanism. The machine is capable of forming six briquettes per cycle at an operating pressure of approximately 50 kg/cm². The integrated systems functioned as intended, supporting stable operation, reducing manual cleaning needs, and improving operational safety. Implications: The proposed design demonstrates potential for improving briquette production efficiency and reliability in small-scale applications. By reducing downtime and enhancing safety, the system can support wider adoption of biomass briquette technology and contribute to community-level renewable energy utilization. Originality/Value: This study offers a novel integration of hydraulic pressing, automatic pneumatic cleaning, and pressure-based safety monitoring within a single multi-cavity briquette press, providing a practical and user-oriented solution for transforming agricultural waste into renewable energy products.

This study examines Indonesia’s export performance in an agribusiness product at the HS 6-digit level (HS 1511) over 2015-2023 by combining revealed competitiveness indicators and structural gravity estimation. First, we compute the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index to assess Indonesia’s export specialization relative to world trade. Second, we estimate a Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) gravity model with year fixed effects to identify the roles of destination market size, trade costs, and trade agreement coverage. Bilateral exports are constructed from UN Comtrade, macroeconomic controls are drawn from the World Development Indicators, bilateral distance and dyadic controls are obtained from CEPII, and trade agreement status is coded from DESTA at the dyad–year level using an in-force rule. Results indicate that Indonesia retains a strong revealed comparative advantage (RCA > 1 in all years), although the average RCA declines between early and late sub-periods. Gravity estimates show that destination market size (particularly population) positively predicts exports, while distance reduces expected export values. Importantly, in-force regional trade agreements are associated with significantly higher bilateral exports, approximately 48% larger export values, ceteris paribus, highlighting the relevance of policy-enabled market access alongside traditional gravity fundamentals. These findings emphasize the joint importance of competitiveness, trade-cost reduction, and effective utilization of trade agreements for sustaining and expanding Indonesia’s agribusiness exports. Keywords: comparative advantage, gravity model, Indonesia, PPML, trade agreements

The rapid development of technology has significantly transformed trade dynamics and economic growth in Indonesia. However, the benefits of digital transformation remain unevenly distributed across regions, creating a digital divide that hinders inclusive development. This study aims to analyze the disparity between internet penetration and its economic utilization, as well as to identify barriers faced by non-connected populations in participating in the digital economy. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative descriptive analysis of secondary data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) and the Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) (2025), with qualitative thematic analysis of policy documents and literature on digital inclusion. The findings reveal that although 80.67% of Indonesia's population are internet users, more than 55 million people remain unconnected, primarily in rural and remote areas. Furthermore, connectivity alone does not guarantee economic participation; limited digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, low trust in digital financial services, and cultural barriers significantly impede the utilization of digital platforms for productive economic activities. The study also finds that existing policies tend to focus disproportionately on infrastructure expansion while neglecting capacity-building and community empowerment strategies. This research contributes to the formulation of more comprehensive digital development policies by emphasizing the necessity of integrating infrastructure investment with digital literacy programs, MSME empowerment, and social inclusion frameworks. The findings imply that bridging the digital divide requires a multidimensional approach that addresses not only access but also skills, trust, and institutional support to ensure sustainable and equitable digital transformation in Indonesia.

The rapid development of information technology in the era of globalization has significantly transformed the landscape of higher education. The role of technology has evolved from merely a supporting tool into a key component integrated within learning processes, research activities, and academic communication. The dynamic exchange of information through the internet, the emergence of various online learning platforms, and the increasing global interconnectedness have created a more transparent, efficient, and adaptive academic environment. Behind the conveniences offered, the adoption of technology also presents complex challenges. Students are required to master adequate digital literacy in order to utilize technology optimally and responsibly, while upholding academic integrity. Meanwhile, educational institutions have the responsibility to provide sufficient technological infrastructure, offer comprehensive guidance, and design technological solutions that are responsive to the needs and challenges of contemporary education dynamics. Thus, the implementation of information technology in the academic context is not only a response to the demands of the times but also a strategic step in preparing an excellent generation with innovative capacity, global competitiveness, and readiness to contribute to the digital society.

Penelitian ini berjudul “Geografi Dialek Bahasa Daerah Tombulu di Kota Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara. Adapun yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini adanya keanekaragaman bahasa yang digunakan di daerah tersebut. Penelitian dialektologi mengenai bahasa daerah di wilayah ini belum pernah dilakukan, sehingga belum tersedianya peta bahasa yang mendeskripsikan secara menyeluruh kondisi kebahasaan di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di empat kelurahan yang ada di Kota Tomohon. Dalam pelaksanaan, tahapan penyediaan data digunakan metode cakap (wawancara) dengan teknik cakap semuka dan teknik catat. Selanjutnya analisis data digunakan metode dialektometri, yaitu menghitung persentase leksikon untuk pengkategorisasian beda bahasa, beda dialek, beda subdialek, beda wicara atau tidak ada perbedaan. Metode dialektometri ini mengacu pada daftar kosakata dasar yang berjumlah 795 kata dan beberapa frasa/klausa berdasarkan taksonomi sebagaimana contoh daftar pertanyaan yang ada pada bagian lampiran buku Nadra dan Reniwati (2023) yang disesuaikan dengan keadaan alam dan masyarakat daerah penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya perbedaan fonologi dan leksikal. Berdasarkan hasil akhir penghitungan persentase kosakata, diperoleh simpulan bahwa tingkat kekerabatan bahasa berdasarkan penghitungan leksikon terjadi perbedaan subdialek, yakni di bawah 25%. Tampak dari 21 taksonomi yang terdiri atas 725 glos pada keempat titik pengamatan, perbedaannya berada pada 5,65 persen. Demikian juga dengan frasa dan klausa yang berjumlah 68 glos, hasilnya tidak ada perbedaan, perbedaan pada variasi tataran wicara saja. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa dialek Tombulu pada 4 titik pengamatan, umumnya memiliki kesamaan karena berada di atas rata-rata atau sejumlah 94,35%. Setiap taksonomi berbeda jumlah glos, disesuaikan dengan keadaan geografis titik pengamatan