Manchester Grammar School

As per Brazilian inclusion laws, education must guarantee every student the legal right to cultivate their potential through quality education that recognizes their unique differences. This study delves into the inclusion process within a school facing the challenge of integrating a 7-year-old deaf girl with autism and Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. Drawing from disability studies, we assert that disability is a societal issue rather than an individual one. Critical perspectives, such as the pedagogy of Paulo Freire and decolonial studies, guide our argument that true inclusion requires disrupting traditional structures, challenging normative bodies, and embracing a decolonial standpoint. Employing a qualitative and exploratory case study approach, our research incorporates participant observations, interviews with school staff, and analysis of school documents. We emphasize the pivotal role of educational impact within the legal context. The school, succeeding the family, is the second social institution and plays a crucial role in the development of the individual as a social being. Within this context, we explore the significance of discussions on public policies, inclusive policies, and language policies, aiming to empower professionals responsible for inclusive education to offer holistic care for children with disabilities. While the inclusion process begins with teacher education, it would be unfair to exclusively assign them the entire responsibility. The school requires a strong foundation and comprehensive support to achieve this objective. Keywords: Disability studies; Paulo Freire; decoloniality; inclusive education

This paper explores the redevelopment potential of ageing and underutilised public housing properties in the middle suburbs of major Australian cities. State governments lack strategies for the renewal of this housing in the current fiscally constrained environment. Responding to this need, this paper presents a design research project that proposes a coordinated, precinct-based regeneration strategy that involves the redevelopment of clusters of public housing lots that are in close proximity to each other. It demonstrates how such a precinct-scaled approach can produce a greater diversity of housing types that achieve higher yields as well as better quality urban amenity and infrastructure. This is in contrast to the inefficient, piecemeal infill housing development currently prevalent in middle suburban areas. The paper describes the results of developing and testing this design research proposal. A mapping survey of the Victorian Government's public housing portfolio found that around 25% of assets form precinct scale clusters of renewable stock in well-serviced middle suburbs. Integrative redevelopment strategies were formulated for selected localised clusters, including customised arrangements of density, uses, parking and dwelling types. At the same time, targeted public realm enhancements were developed to encourage existing community assets to 'work harder'. These strategies were trialled and developed through innovative design-led community engagements, and then formalised into detailed design scenarios that enabled the testing of short and long-term viability relative to 'status quo' development models. The results of this analysis indicate how the quantity and distribution of public housing stock presents a timely opportunity for broader regeneration of ageing middle suburbs -recognised as vital to achieving sustainable metropolitan housing growth and diversity within equitable and liveable cities. Finally, this paper examines the role for community housing organisations in leveraging public investment in regeneration while preserving affordability in key areas.

Abstract Newton's laws of motion are used to plan the course of missions to Mars and the braking efficiency of cars. However, well before we learn physics in school, we all have an understanding of the physical behaviour of objects around us. This chapter shows how we need to understand both: digital devices need to work within the physics of the world, but also be comprehensible. Simple rules of objects that are routinely broken in the digital world: a source of power, but potential confusion. We will use the magic world of fairy-tale to see how some properties, continuity of location in time and space and conservation of form, can in some circumstances be broken; but in others, conservation of number, are far more primitive and shocking when violated. Physical form is also critical for our emotional engagement with objects and may engage many senses, such as touch and sound, as well as visual form.

Abstract This chapter focuses on the relationships between the physical environment and the various digital informational augmentations that have been added to it over the years, increasing our understanding of space and perhaps time. Some of these layers are purely in the digital world: viewing streets or satellite views in Google maps. However, digital layers are also overlaying the physical world: viewing past times through augmented reality or hunting virtual Pokémon in the local park. Digital technology allows us to conquer distance and opens new forms of cultural experience. However, the same technologies that allow the world to be sensed and augmented through the Internet of Things, also open the door to surveillance and cyber-warfare. We are at a point when physical computing may degrade or enrich our humanity, the choice is ours to make.

Abstract This chapter discusses space and time, both so familiar that we hardly notice them and far more complex than we ever imagine. Mathematicians and physicists have tried to make sense of space: the coordinates of GPS appear to label even empty space, and Euclid imagined geometric shapes composed of infinitely thin lines: powerful abstractions, but problematic philosophically and practically. Euclid's space was flat, smooth, and without fracture, but the surface of the earth and WiFi connectedness break this simplifying image, creating problems and design opportunities. Size, speed, and even acceleration are often relative, a fact of physics, but also evident in our day-to-day lives, from snowflakes to circuit boards. Even the ground beneath our feet is not so solid. In following chapters we will see how many of these physical properties of space and time impact on the design of digitally augmented space, and indeed computation itself.

Abstract Many areas of study include aspects of physicality in digital research or design. The chapter begins with Weiser’s vision of ubiquitous computing where computation becomes ‘invisible’, seamlessly interwoven into every aspect of life. Sometimes it is in objects that we hold, grasp, or feel (studied by tangible user interfaces and haptic interfaces) and sometimes so close it feels personal: mobile phones, wearable technology, or even within our bodies. In virtual and augmented reality the digital world emulates or sometimes overlays the physical world, but it only affects it through our perceptions. However, in robotics and autonomous vehicles the digital world is not only made physical but also active with apparent agency of its own. Finally, the chapter looks at how digital design can now be given physical form through digital fabrication, making physical production as easy as writing in a word processor, which is enabling new communities where digital and physical crafts meet.

BackgroundAs part of our research programme into facilitating improved ways of communicating with patients, especially about more sensitive clinical issues, we have been investigating whether there are any non-verbal methods that might aid this process. One such approach is to ask patients to choose a color in response to a particular question, for instance about health or psychological status, and for this purpose we developed the Manchester Color Wheel (MCW). This instrument consists of positive, neutral and negative colors and its validation in normal adults and those with anxiety or depression showed that it is responsive to change and reproducible. It also has the capacity to identify a positive frame of mind. We concluded that it might be a particularly useful instrument in adolescents and therefore this study aimed to validate it in a secondary school.Methods620 pupils (aged 11–17 years, mean age 14.0 years, 298 (48.1%) males, 322 (51.9%) females) at Sale Grammar School in Greater Manchester were asked to relate their mood to a MCW color and also complete the Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) questionnaire. To give these pupils an experience in science, 197 were divided into four subgroups for an ‘experiment’ to ascertain whether, compared to controls, a change in mood color choice could be induced by participation in sport, music or art activities.ResultsAlthough mood color and HAD depression score are unlikely to be measuring exactly the same psychological state, a negative mood color was chosen by 62.5% of HAD depressed compared to only 14.5% of HAD normal pupils (p < 0.001). In contrast, a positive mood color was chosen by 48.9% of normal and only 18.8% of depressed pupils (p < 0.001). In the ‘experiment’, compared to controls, all activities resulted in an increased choice of positive mood colors which reached significance for sport and music.ConclusionThis study confirms the potential utility of the MCW to rapidly and easily assess a variety of health issues in large populations, including adolescents. Some of our results should also be of interest to educationalists.

BackgroundPopulation health attributes (such as disease incidence and prevalence) are often estimated using sentinel hospital records, which are subject to multiple sources of uncertainty. When applied to these health attributes, commonly used biased estimation techniques can lead to false conclusions and ineffective disease intervention and control. Although some estimators can account for measurement error (in the form of white noise, usually after de-trending), most mainstream health statistics techniques cannot generate unbiased and minimum error variance estimates when the available data are biased.Methods and FindingsA new technique, called the Biased Sample Hospital-based Area Disease Estimation (B-SHADE), is introduced that generates space-time population disease estimates using biased hospital records. The effectiveness of the technique is empirically evaluated in terms of hospital records of disease incidence (for hand-foot-mouth disease and fever syndrome cases) in Shanghai (China) during a two-year period. The B-SHADE technique uses a weighted summation of sentinel hospital records to derive unbiased and minimum error variance estimates of area incidence. The calculation of these weights is the outcome of a process that combines: the available space-time information; a rigorous assessment of both, the horizontal relationships between hospital records and the vertical links between each hospital's records and the overall disease situation in the region. In this way, the representativeness of the sentinel hospital records was improved, the possible biases of these records were corrected, and the generated area incidence estimates were best linear unbiased estimates (BLUE). Using the same hospital records, the performance of the B-SHADE technique was compared against two mainstream estimators.ConclusionsThe B-SHADE technique involves a hospital network-based model that blends the optimal estimation features of the Block Kriging method and the sample bias correction efficiency of the ratio estimator method. In this way, B-SHADE can overcome the limitations of both methods: Block Kriging's inadequacy concerning the correction of sample bias and spatial clustering; and the ratio estimator's limitation as regards error minimization. The generality of the B-SHADE technique is further demonstrated by the fact that it reduces to Block Kriging in the case of unbiased samples; to ratio estimator if there is no correlation between hospitals; and to simple statistic if the hospital records are neither biased nor space-time correlated. In addition to the theoretical advantages of the B-SHADE technique over the two other methods above, two real world case studies (hand-foot-mouth disease and fever syndrome cases) demonstrated its empirical superiority, as well.

This report focuses on the need to develop teaching methods that enable students to become totally immersed in their own education. At an early age, the students whom we teach asked questions. These questions were vast in their nature and persistent; the never-ending ‘Why?’. But at some point in their early schooling experience, we stem the flow of our students' desire to question, providing them, instead, with a teacher designed curriculum. This project looks at how we can involve the students again in designing their own schemes of work and co-constructing their own learning in conjunction with their teachers.