Mathrusri Ramabai Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital

Abstract Objectives Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterised by the presence of depigmented lesions on the skin. The autoreactive cytotoxic T cells at the epidermal‐dermal junction of the skin facilitate the targeted destruction of epidermal melanocytes, leading to the development of vitiligo lesions. Narrow‐band UVB (NBUVB) phototherapy is a widely used non‐invasive treatment that promotes transient repigmentation of lesions. However, the specific effects of NBUVB on skin dermal T cells in vitiligo patients remain largely unexplored. Insights into the mechanism of action of NBUVB phototherapy can guide therapies against cytotoxic T cells, enabling effective and sustained remission of vitiligo lesions. Methods Indian patients with active vitiligo lesions underwent 3 months of NBUVB phototherapy, thereby leading to successful repigmentation of vitiligo lesions. Spatial transcriptomic and histological analyses were employed to investigate the gene expression profiles of dermal T cells at the epidermal‐dermal junction, both before and after treatment. Results Comprehensive spatial transcriptome analysis of skin dermal T cells revealed that NBUVB phototherapy leads to the overall suppression of inflammatory genes and immune regulatory pathways that are upregulated in vitiligo patients before treatment. Consequently, tissue‐resident innate and adaptive immune cells significantly decrease post‐UVB phototherapy. Interestingly, we observe an increase in naïve CD4 + T cells post‐UVB phototherapy. Conclusion NBUVB phototherapy effectively suppresses the innate and adaptive immune cell populations and immune regulatory pathways while promoting an increase in naïve CD4 + T cells. These findings underscore a previously unrecognised immunomodulatory role of NBUVB phototherapy in vitiligo patients.

We know that if there is an effect, there must be a cause; an effect never occurs without a cause. The origin of an effect or any event depends on its cause. The progress of human civilization has largely occurred by investigating the causes of effects. The triumphs of science have also come from investigating the causes of effects. Human life has become much easier, and civilization has progressed. Similarly, in philosophy, there are disagreements about the relationship between cause and effect. Among these, two views are prominent: one from rationalists and one from empiricists. Hume's view, in particular, has brought a revolution to philosophy, showing a new direction. This essay provides a analytical discussion on David Hume's view of causality.

Abstract The newest innovation in the building industry is alkaline activated concrete. Additionally, the demand for river sand has increased significantly and is now more expensive. Utilizing locally accessible supplies improves both the environmental and economic aspects. Manufactured sand (MS) is a substitute for stream sand in this situation. Using the right reinforcing components, namely “Fibers,” can increase the ductility of these quasi‐brittle inorganic composites. The paper's focus is polymer–concrete optimization, highlighting the impact of fiber and molar concentration. To make GPC mixtures, a solution‐to‐binder ratio of 0.45 was maintained. An addition of 1% of fibers was made to the matrix. The samples were considered for molarities of 12 and 14. Samples were cast and exposed to ambient curing. In addition to fibers with increasing molarities, the slump values have decreased by 41%, compressive and flexural strength results are improved by 11% and 19% respectively, and the modulus of elasticity (Ec) is compared with the analytical equation where the coefficient is within 10%. Sorptivity outcomes prove a noteworthy decline in capillary rise up to 24.7% compared to traditional concrete; penetration of chloride has reduced by 39%.

Aim and backgroundA child's first impression of the dental clinic impacts their willingness to cooperate during treatment, and factors like the dentist's gender, attire, and clinic colors strongly influence a child's comfort. Colors in particular play a crucial role in shaping emotions and reducing fear. This study aims to evaluate children's knowledge of a pediatric dentist and their preferences regarding the dentist's gender, attire, and the dental clinic environment.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 186 schoolchildren aged 6–12 years. Children were provided with images of male and female dentists and a clinical setting along with 10 colors and were asked to color them based on their preferences. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.ResultsA statistically significant knowledge gap (p < 0.001) was observed between younger and older children regarding the knowledge of pediatric dentists, where older children were more aware. Sixty-four percent of children stated that a dentist's attire influenced their anxiety, while 74% believed clinic environment colors affected their comfort levels. Most children preferred a dentist of their own gender. Blue was the most favored color for dentist's attire among both genders. For the clinic environment, boys preferred blue, whereas girls opted for pink. Brown was the most chosen color for dental chairs.ConclusionThe results of our current study conclude inadequate knowledge about pediatric dentists in children. The dental clinic environment and the dentist's attire affect the child's anxiety level.Clinical significancePediatric dentists must recognize that clinic ambiance and attire significantly influence child behavior. Understanding these preferences enables pediatric dentists to create child-friendly, psychologically supportive environments that enhance the overall dental experience.How to cite this articleAlahari SV, Cheruku SR, Swathi SS, et al. Pediatric Dentistry through a Child's Lens—The Role of Dentist's Gender, Attire, and Clinic Ambiance in Gen Alpha's Experience: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(10):1260–1266.

Machine learning (ML) has become a transformative technology in healthcare, facilitating improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment personalization. However, conventional ML models often struggle with limited data, lack of interpretability, and insufficient robustness, which constrain their clinical applicability. Integrating prior medical domain knowledge into ML – known as medical-informed machine learning (IML) – addresses these challenges by embedding expert insights and clinical guidelines into the learning process. This paper presents a comprehensive review of medical informed machine learning approaches, analysing studies that incorporate domain knowledge at various stages of the ML pipeline, including data pre-processing, feature engineering, and model learning. We discuss different types of domain knowledge such as clinical rules, causal networks, and physiological formulas, and illustrate their integration into ML models. IML approaches improve data efficiency, predictive accuracy, and model interpretability compared to purely data-driven methods. They also enhance model robustness and coherence with clinical practice, particularly in scenarios with limited or noisy data. Case examples from diagnostic imaging and chronic disease prediction underscore these benefits. Medical – informed ML is a critical advancement for reliable and trustworthy clinical decision support systems. Future research should focus on standardizing domain knowledge representation and developing scalable integration techniques to maximize clinical impact.

BACKGROUND: Stroke continues to be a serious medical issue. Most stroke survivors report experiencing emotional and behavioral changes after their stroke. Individuals who have reduced motor function usually go through a lot of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress as a result of pain, loss of control over their motor abilities, difficulty performing functional tasks that they used to do with easily, and incapacity to make judgments in life. The patient may have significant difficulties with ADLs, emotional instability, agitation from his impairment, and even panic attacks. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Benson’s relaxation technique on depression, anxiety, and stress in post stroke patients. METHODOLOGY: 30 subjects with post stroke are taken into consideration from large number of subjects. The subjects are selected by proper screening, fulfilling the both inclusive and exclusive criteria. Once selected, the participants will be assigned randomly to either, experimental (n=15) or control (n=15) groups. The control group received routine care [conservative treatment only] and experimental group received the Benson relaxation technique along with conservative treatment for 12 sessions of 60-minute thrice a week for 4 weeks. The DASS-21 scale was completed by samples before and after the intervention. Keywords: Post stroke, Depression, Anxiety, stress, Benson’s Relaxation technique, DASS-21 Scale [ Depression, Anxiety, Stress scale-21].

Oral cancer (OC) remains the most common cancer affecting the head-and-neck region. In spite of advancements in both diagnostic and management techniques, its incidence and associated mortality have risen significantly. Metastasis in OC is a multifaceted process involving the separation of tumour cells, their proliferation and subsequent invasion through the lymphatic or hematopoietic systems. Distant metastasis plays a pivotal role in the treatment as well as in the prognosis of OC patients. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a significant adverse prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The four stages in LNM in OSCC are ‘Preparation, Unleashing, Migration and Planting’ principle. Furthermore, the role of desmosomal cadherins, namely desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), may play a role and is known to contribute to the progression of cancer, as its overexpression significantly increases the spread of cells and cell migration. This review highlights the current concepts in OC metastasis and the role of Dsg3 in LNM and its possible role as a marker for metastatic lymph node assessment in OSCC.

Acute coronary syndromes often have atypical presentations, especially in female and elderly populations, leading to considerable diagnostic challenges. Cardiac cephalgia (CC), or headache caused by myocardial ischemia, is a rare and often neglected manifestation, a situation that deserves the interest of medical professionals. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines to synthesize available literature on this intriguing phenomenon. A thorough search was conducted on six databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and EBSCO, targeting papers published between 2000 and 2023. Ten peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case reports, with a total participant pool of 80,202. Several emergent themes were noted: the potential for CC to be the only symptom of ischemia, diagnostic misattributions to primary headache disorders, and clinical resolution noted following nitrate therapy or coronary interventions. Notwithstanding the narrow breadth of available evidence, which stems mainly from case reports, the findings suggest that clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for CC in patients who present with unexplained headaches and cardiovascular risk factors. Contemporary clinical guidelines rarely recognize this presentation, and additional prospective studies are necessary to develop diagnostic criteria and incorporate cardiac investigations into headache evaluation protocols.