Mattson Technology (Germany)

Abstract Dithienopyrazines are only scarcely used as building blocks in organic electronic materials. Here, we report efficient preparation and investigation of syn‐ and anti‐dithienopyrazines, which were functionalized with triaraylamine units to provide different series of donor‐acceptor‐donor‐type materials. The characterization of the optoelectronic properties resulted in valuable structure‐property relationships and allowed for the elucidation of the influence of structural effects such as core structure (syn vs anti), type of substituents (directly arylated vs ethynylated aryl), and substitution pattern (α,α’‐ vs β,β’‐ vs fourfold substitution). Finally, first application of a dithienopyrazine derivative as model for hole‐transport materials tailored for organic electronic devices has been realized.

Partitioning a water distribution network into several district metered areas is beneficial for its management. Partitioning a network according to its node features and connections remains a challenge. A recent study has realized water network partitioning based on node features or pipe connections individually. This study proposes an unsupervised clustering method for nodes based on a graph neural network, which uses graph attention technology to update node features based on the connections and a neural network to cluster nodes. The similarity between nodes located in each area and the balance of the total water demand between areas are optimized, and the importance of the boundary pipes is calculated to determine the installation position of flowmeters and valves. Three water distribution networks with different structures and sizes are used to verify the proposed model. The results show that the average location differences (LocDiffs) within the areas of the three networks completed by partitioning are 0.12, 0.07, and 0.06, and the total demand differences (DemDiffs) between areas are 0.13, 0.27, and 0.29, respectively. The LocDiff and DemDiff of the proposed method decreased by 6% and 55%, respectively, when compared to the traditional clustering method. Additionally, the proposed method for calculating the importance of boundaries provides an objective basis for boundary closure. When the same number of boundaries are closed, the comprehensive impact of the proposed method on the pipe network decreases by 17.1%. The proposed method can be used in practical applications because it ensures a highly reliable and interpretive water distribution network partitioning method.

Abstract Water distribution systems (WDSs) are used to transmit and distribute water resources in cities. Water distribution networks (WDNs) are partitioned into district metered areas (DMAs) by water network partitioning (WNP), which can be used for leak control, pollution monitoring, and pressure optimization in WDS management. In order to overcome the limitations of optimal search range and the decrease of recovery ability caused by two-step WNP and fixed DMAs in previous studies, this study developed a new method combining a graph neural network to realize integrated WNP and dynamic DMAs to optimize WDS management and respond to emergencies. The proposed method was tested in a practical case study; the results showed that good hydraulic performance of the WDN was maintained and that dynamic DMAs demonstrated excellent stability in emergency situations, which proves the effectiveness of the method in WNP.

Abstract Incineration is a method of waste management, which is quickly taking a prominent role in munic ipa l authorities all over the world. The introduction of smokeless incinerators aids in decreasing adverse environmental impacts, making this technology a viable alternative to landfills. Modern designs and advancements in incineration processes focus on enhancements in energy efficiency and reductions in emissions of CO2, thus creating an avenue for sustainable energy. It is a means to combat organic substances in waste and separate dangerous gases and particulates from flue gas. Modern incinerators have efficient emission control systems that use multiple techniques for the elimination, at source, of potentially hazardous emissions and automatically control the rate of combustion. Smokeless combustion can be achieved through a combination of temperature, time and turbulence. The range of test incinerators used for this study covers a broad spectrum of usage reduces munic ipa l solid waste to a mere 0.3% of its original state. Reductions in CO2 are directly correlated to decreases in the amount of waste to be transported to off-site landfills, thus reducing the number of trips to and from same. Such reductions are in tandem with the goal of carbon neutrality, or rather, carbon net-zero, which requires the sequestration of an equal amount of CO2 produced. Comparisons are provided for reductions of CO2 as a result of the reduction in the burning of diesel by backload refuse trucks. Case studies are presented for communities with a significant general waste generation where CO2 emission from the waste pickup and transport to and from landfills are compared to that of CO2 emissions after the installation of a smokeless incinerator unit in a central community area. The most significant finding is that CO2 emissions are reduced by approximately 50% in most cases, with the introduction of these units. The introduction of these smokeless incinerator units can combat waste management woes in a shorter space of time, in parallel with achieving environmental targets such as that of Carbon Neutrality.

International audience

Godson2H is a complex SoC (System-on-Chip) of Godson series, which is a 117 mm2, 152 million transistors chip fabricated in 65 nm CMOS LP/GP process technology. It integrates a 1 GHz processor core and abundant high or low speed peripheral IO interfaces. To overcome on-chip-variation problems in deep submicron designs, many methods are adopted in clock tree, and PVT detectors are integrated for debug. To meet the low power constraints in different applications, most of state-of-the-art low power methods are used carefully, such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, power gating and aggressive multi-voltage design.

Test power consumption is becoming a major concern in low power integrated circuits(ICs). This paper presents a revised low power compression architecture for scan test. In this paper, the variance in power consumption is used to select test pattern during scan test, and a low power feedback MUX is added to the scan chains. Simulation results by mathematical methods show that the proposed test architecture is promising in reduction of power consumption.

Downstream high dose implant photoresist strip (HDIS) plasma processes tend to cause an oxide growth on the exposed poly Si and a poly-Si loss, both need to be carefully controlled/minimized to avoid undesirable impacts to the corresponding IC device performance. Ellipsometry and FTIR spectrometry were used to characterize the ultrathin film growth and poly-Si loss introduced by the various chemistries used in HDIS, including O2, O2/FG, O2/H2, and N2/H2. Some discrepancies were observed between results obtained from Ellipsometry and those from FTIR for ultra thin films. Oxide growth was evident in O2 dominant chemistries, accompanied by a low level poly-Si loss. No oxide growth was observed in non-O2 chemistries. Hydrogen addition provided a better clean and a shorter processing time, but at the cost of increasing poly-Si loss and oxide growth.

It has been recognized for a long time that both peak temperature and time at temperature are important in RTP processes such as spike anneals. This paper will discuss the importance of time at temperature during flash assist rapid thermal processing (fRTP{trade mark, serif}). Experimentally measured temperature profiles are analyzed assuming simple activation energies to optimize temperature profiles. The relative importance of peak temperature and temperature profile is discussed for electrical activation and diffusion of a 500 eV 1015/cm2 B implant. Considerations of thermal stress produced during processing are included in the optimization process. When all effects are considered, different thermal processes will require tools with very flexible process capabilities. It is shown that both the peak temperatures as well as the temperature profile near the peak are important.