Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal

The transformation of a normal cell state to malignant cell is a multifactorial process, as cancer is a complex network of diseases. There are various types of cancer, each with its own underlying mechanisms and symptoms. The rise in modernization has significantly limited the mobility and has also altered the diets, leading to an increased rate of cancer mortality worldwide. The treatment options in cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, result in compromising the well-being of patients with cancer. Nanoformulation has emerged as convincing tools in cancer drug delivery. In order to gather pertinent information on Nanoformulations in Cancer Patents and Clinical Trials from the year 2000 to 2026, the majority of the electronic databases including Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE were searched. The key benefits of nanoformulation lie in their ability to enhance the water solubility of drugs, thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional drug formulations. The nanoformulation facilitates efficiency and enhances therapeutic efficacy. The perfection portrayed by nanoformulation in carrying the therapeutics with better performance. This article provides comprehensive details on nanoformulation-based patents and clinical trials of various cancer conditions and draws attention to novel formulation of drugs that has been designed to target specific diseases. The article will likely discuss the outcomes of the clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of the formulations. The current nanoformulation-based therapies can be a potential source to address the unmet medical needs that advance the patient outcomes.

This paper critically examines India’s contemporary development trajectory and argues that economic growth has disproportionately benefited a narrow alliance of corporate conglomerates, political elites, bureaucratic institutions, and state-supported contractors. Despite sustained GDP expansion and claims of rapid modernization, nearly a billion Indians continue to face poverty, inflation, unemployment, and inadequate access to essential services such as healthcare, education, clean water, and housing. The article contrasts India’s market-led, privatization-heavy development model with China’s state-directed, manufacturing-oriented strategy, which successfully eradicated extreme poverty and established the country as the world’s leading industrial hub. Through analysis of wealth concentration, structural inequality, and institutionalized crony capitalism, the paper highlights how public resources in India increasingly translate into private gains for a privileged minority. The discussion emphasizes the need for systemic reforms—strengthened welfare systems, industrial revitalization, robust public investment, and policy transparency—to ensure that development becomes inclusive and equitable. Ultimately, the paper argues that India must reorient its priorities toward a people-centered model if it wishes to transform economic growth into broad-based social progress. Received: 21 December 2025 / Accepted: 18 February 2026 / Published: March 2026

Heavy metal pollution continues to threaten ecosystem and human health due to the persistence, non-degradability, and toxicity of metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As. Microbial, fungal, algal, and plant-based bioremediation systems demonstrate high metal removal efficiencies, with biosorption capacities ranging from 70 to 99% for fungi (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillium), 60–98% for bacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas), 40–95% for algae (Chlorella sp., Oedogonium sp.), and 30–80% for plants depending on species and metal bioavailability. Engineered microbial strains and CRISPR-edited plants exhibit enhanced uptake, with CRISPR knockouts in rice reducing Cd accumulation in grains by up to 70%. In contrast, microbial consortia remove metals more efficiently than single strains, achieving 98–100% remediation at optimized pH (5.5–7.5) and metal concentrations (10–100 mg/L). Despite strong laboratory performance, field translation is limited by inconsistent metal bioavailability, environmental variability, and long remediation times. This review synthesizes comparative efficiencies, mechanistic foundations, and scalability challenges, highlighting integrated nano-bioremediation, microbial consortia, and genome-edited plants as promising next-generation strategies toward sustainable heavy metal mitigation.

Abstract Understanding heat transfer behavior in large-diameter slewing ring thrust ball bearings is critical for ensuring reliable operation in high-temperature environments, such as nuclear reactors. This study develops a unique experimental setup utilizing a Linear Model Mockup Bearing (LMMB), a simplified segment representing the full slewing ring bearing, to investigate thermal contact resistance (TCR) across bearing interfaces. An electric coil heats the bottom raceway, while the top raceway is exposed to ambient conditions. K-type thermocouples placed at six key interfaces capture the temperature profile under varying mechanical loads applied to the top raceway. Results reveal that TCR decreases notably with increased load due to an expanding real contact area between the balls and raceways. However, it tends to saturate beyond approximately 40 kN, despite further increases in Hertzian contact area. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) produced temperature distributions that showed good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements. The study highlights the nonlinear behavior of thermal contact area with load and clarifies the conditions under which classical Hertzian assumptions diverge from real thermal behavior. These findings provide a useful experimental basis for improving thermal assessment of slewing ring thrust bearings operating under prolonged high-temperature and high-load conditions in nuclear reactor environments.

Choosing sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants in developing countries like India is a crucial task while considering multiple conflicting factors and sub-factors simultaneously. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an optimisation method that provides a framework for handling such situations in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The complexity and uncertainty associated with the site selection model are dealt with professionally. The Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method is applied to determine the relative importance of the criteria, identifying airflow speed as the most influential factor, followed by humidity ratio, level of dust haze, availability of labour and resources, and ecological effects. This shows that airflow speed plays an important role in the power plant’s efficiency and performance. The Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Rešenje (VIKOR) method is then used to prioritise the alternatives as potential locations for setting up a solar PV power plant in India. A new de-i-fuzzification method based on the relative difference between two real numbers is also proposed. Sensitivity analyses and comparative studies are conducted to assess the robustness and effectiveness of the framework. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed framework is useful and effective for optimising site selection for solar power plants in India.