Max Planck Institute Luxemburg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

ОНЛАЙН ПЛАТФОРМИ -ЗАПОРУКА ЕФЕКТИВНОГО РОЗГЛЯДУ СПОРІВ В МІЖНАРОДНОМУ КОМЕРЦІЙНОМУ АРБІТРАЖІАнотація.Останні роки рівень інтернет торгівлі зростає дуже стрімко і це спричинило виникненню такого «нового продукту» в комерціалізації суспільних відносин, який був спрямований на можливість вирішення спорів як «онлайн-платформи міжнародного комерційного арбітражу».Одним із самих релевантних питань, які турбують учасників спірних правовідносин в онлайн просторі це час, який буде затрачений на розгляд даного спору, кошти, які будуть затрачені на цей процес і порядок виконання того рішення, яке буде ухвалено

Given the undeniable lasting impact that international crime can and does effectuate, affecting generations who witness and experience its effects, this chapter focuses on intergenerational victimhood, in the context of International Criminal Court (ICC) proceedings. Based on an analysis which explores whether family members of victims, (including deceased victims), can participate and seek reparation, this chapter provides three key findings. First, that family members of victims can participate and seek reparations in two capacities: as victims themselves or as successors of deceased victims. Second, that this position remains unchanged irrespective of the category of victims as victims of a situation or victims of crimes. Third, that this remains further unaffected by the four categories of crimes that the victim has been subjected to. However, the chapter argues, that the underlying crimes may have an impact on the exact form of participation or reparation sought, particularly with respect to sexual and gender-based crimes, in the case of children born out of rape. Criminal Court (ICC): Introduction

The chapter considers whether the substantive standards of investment protection contained in investment treaties can be understood as an emerging form of global constitutional law. It argues that investment treaty law is an example of what the global constitutionalism literature refers to as 'supplementary constitutionalization', being a type of international law which addresses issues that have traditionally been regulated principally by domestic constitutional and administrative law. Undertaking a detailed analysis of three standards of treatment (the rules on expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, and national treatment), the chapter advances existing debates over whether the investment treaty regime exhibits 'constitution-like' qualities. The supplementary constitutionalization perspective helps better understand the two-way national-international interaction that is central to the investment treaty regime. The perspective also foregrounds key normative questions regarding how the investment treaty regime can reshape domestic constitutional balances.

Abstract The limits and the appeal of the restatement method, in general, and of the Restatement of the Law (Fourth): The Foreign Relations Law of the United States, in particular – understood as the reasons why, or not, other countries (or legal communities) would be incited to follow the same path and have the same kind of instrument regarding their own system – are in fact intertwined. Any alleged appealing aspect can give way to questions about the limits of the exercise and the other way around. The analysis will therefore proceed with questions more than with answers, in seven steps intended to increasingly show the ambivalence of the Restatement (Fourth), beginning with its scope, before considering its authors, its addressees and, therefore, the Restatement’s reach, its nature, its topic or subject matter, its context and, finally, its underlying ideology.