Meiji (India)

Cereulide-producing Bacillus cereus is the causative agent of emetic food poisoning. For epidemiological studies and control of B. cereus, rapid and simple identification of cereulide-producing strains is necessary. Recently, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a vital analytical tool for microbial identification and toxin detection. This study showed that MALDI-TOF MS analysis is useful for discrimination between cereulide-producing and non-cereulide-producing strains. Colonies of 42 Bacillus cereus group strains were cultured on plate count agar, MYP agar, and NGKG agar, and subsequently subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The analysis covered the mass range of m/z 800–8,000. All 16 cereulide-producing strains determined by conventional LC-MS analysis showed a peak approximately m/z 1,191.9. This peak was assumed to be the potassium ion adduct of cereulide. The presence or absence of this peak allowed discrimination between cereulide-producing and non-cereulide-producing strains. The peak at m/z 6,263.5, originating from the ribosomal subunit protein L32, served as a control peak as an appropriate analytical procedure. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS analysis was applied to colonies cultured on B. cereus testing plates in milk and rice samples. MALDI-TOF MS analysis is simpler and faster than conventional methods such as LC-MS analysis. Thus, this method is a useful analytical tool for B. cereus control in industrial food production and epidemiological studies.

Constructive research is a method for elucidating the mechanisms of phenomena that are difficult to measure. In constructive research, the aim is to elucidate real phenomena by simulating events using available data. Methods for simulating reproduction include humanoid robots and computer simulations. We conducted a study to reproduce swallowing movements using computer simulations and reported an example of simulating organ movements. In this study, in order to examine the suitability of the muscle synergy hypothesis, we estimated muscle activity rates using a musculoskeletal model created based on 4D CT of swallowing and the three-dimensional configuration of muscles, and performed muscle synergy analysis using the estimated muscle activity rates. As a result, multiple spatial patterns were suggested for the muscle synergy model, which we report here with a neurological examination.

レクチンで高分子多糖類をサンドイッチするEnzyme-Linked Lectin Assay（ELLA）により，高分子多糖類の新規定量技術を開発した．本法は，96ウェルマイクロプレートに固相化したレクチンと高分子多糖類を反応させたのち，酵素標識レクチンを反応させ，酵素反応により比色する特異性の高い方法である．本法により，グアーガムが0.1〜3 μg mL−1の範囲で，Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1（R-1）株由来菌体外多糖（EPS）が0.2～1 μg mL−1の範囲で検出可能であった．除タンパク質処理したR-1株培養液のEPSの定量においては，添加回収率は97〜99％ であり，分析精度は併行精度6.2％，室内再現精度6.8％ であった．以上の結果から，本法によるEPS定量法は良好な分析能を示すことが確認され，さらに優れた操作性を持つことから，種々の高分子多糖類の定量への応用が期待される．

徳島県で伝統的に飲用される阿波番茶は、茹でた茶葉を桶に漬け込み、微生物で発酵させて作られる。本研究では、阿波番茶の漬け汁から分離した Lactobacillus pentosus OLL203984 を用いて茶発酵物を調製し、その摂取がマウスの便通、腸内細菌叢に与える影響を検討した。消化管通過時間の遅延症状を呈する Ncx/Hox11L.1 遺伝子ノックアウトマウスに茶発酵物またはコントロールとして水を 4 週間投与した。その結果、コントロール群と比べて茶発酵物群で、硫酸バリウムの消化管通過時間が有意に短縮した。なお、糞便水分含量に明らかな差は認められなかった。また、腸内細菌叢を解析した結果、茶発酵物の投与前と比べて投与後で、Bacteroidales、Clostridiales の存在比率の有意な減少、Lactobacillales、Bifidobacteriales の存在比率の有意な増加、α 多様性指数のひとつである Shannon index の有意な減少が認められ、コントロール群ではこれらの菌群および Shannon index に有意な変化は認められなかった。さらに、コントロール群と比べて茶発酵物群では、腸管運動への関与が知られる結腸の iNOS の遺伝子発現量が低下傾向にあった。以上より、L. pentosus OLL203984 で調製した茶発酵物の摂取は、腸内環境を変化させ、消化管通過時間の遅延を改善することが示唆された。

2 ) Key Words：Adolescents, Stress m anag em ent, Com parison of the effects

The automatic ATP measurement system was applied to rapid test for coliforms in milk and yogurt. The methods by bioluminescence assay after selective enrichment culture were evaluated, and following results were obtained. When a bioluminescence assay was applied to detect coliforms after BGLB enrichment, the results were affected by ATP derived from lactic acid bacteria. Conversely, dLST (LST with sodium deoxycholate) or nBGLB (BGLB with nisin) enrichment was able to minimize the influence of lactic acid bacteria. Because preparation of dLST was easier than nBGLB, it was concluded that dLST is the most suitable enrichment broth for use in detecting coliforms in yogurt by bioluminescence assay. The dLST-ATP method with an automatic ATP measurement system after eight hours dLST enrichment was able to detect 1–10 cfu/mL levels of coliforms in milk and 1–10 cfu/0.1 g levels of coliforms in yogurt. Inclusivity of the dLST-ATP method as a presumptive coliforms test is 100.0%, and exclusivity is 90.3%. The results of the comparative study showed that there was a significant correlation between the dLST-ATP method and the BGLB method, and the desoxycholate agar method. The dLST-ATP method takes only about eight hours for presumptive coliforms test, and the method is simple and can be used not only for milk samples but also yogurt samples. Considering these results, the dLST-ATP method should be useful as a rapid test for coliforms in milk and yogurt.

O presente artigo analisa a formação do Tesouro Nacional, os bens culturais de maior importância no Japão. Sendo a sua grande maioria obras de arte, pode-se considerar que o tombamento do Tesouro Nacional representa as particularidades da política japonesa de preservação do patrimônio cultural. Dessa forma, este artigo pretende revelar o desenvolvimento do conceito de Tesouro Nacional e analisar a origem da sua particularidade, desde o início da proteção de objetos antigos até a publicação da primeira lei, ocorridos na Era Meiji.

We conducted a study on aroma transfer from orange juice packed in paper container to the different lipid quantity of milk packed in another paper container. Limonene was considered an index compound. After three types of milk was stored for 7days with orange juice, we detected limonene in three types of milk by GC-MS analysis respectively. Limonene was detected higher in milk, low fat milk, no fat milk order respectively. According to the above results, this study suggests aroma transfer from orange juice to beverage is involved with lipid quantity of beverage that was aroma transfer destination.

This paper presents a formulation and solution of a problem to identify the muscle activities when a deformation of boundary with respect to an organ are given. An aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of swallow motion and cause of aspiration. Using a model of tongue consisting of hyper elastic body, we consider that the given deformation is realized by the compulsory displacement on the boundary which shape is known, and that muscle activity is assumed as inelastic principle strain generated in the direction of minimum principle strain of the hyper elastic deformation. The identification problem of muscle activities is formulated using the inelastic principle strain as design variable and the work done by the compulsory displacement as cost function of minimization. Solution of the problem is presented based on the scheme using the H1 gradient method for topology optimization problem of density type. A numerical example done in the previous study is introduced to show the validity of the present theory.

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis has been consistently observed with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in small case series. Its extent, time course, and relation to IVH volume and infection have never been studied in a large cohort with systematic data collection. Hypothesis: Inflammatory response in CSF follows a predictable pattern after IVH, and is more enhanced in cases with higher IVH volume and infection Method: We analyzed prospectively collected samples from 500 patients enrolled in the Clot Lysis Evaluation of Accelerated Resolution (CLEAR) phase III trial. Patients with obstructive IVH requiring external ventricular drainage (EVD) were randomized to receive thrombolytic or placebo injections via EVD. We analyzed 12,291 data points including daily peripheral WBC and RBC counts, CSF RBC, WBC and neutrophil count, protein and glucose. Corrected WBCs (coWBC) reflecting true inflammatory response in the CSF was calculated by controlling for RBC/WBC ratio in a contemporaneous blood sample of the patient. Consecutive values were adjusted to the date of ictus (day 0) and analyzed on days 1-9. Median daily values were chronologically plotted to define the temporal pattern for each parameter. Similar analyses were repeated after stratification based on IVH volume, time to EVD insertion, and presence of culture positive ventriculitis (14 cases, 3%) Result: CSF protein gradually declined with later clearance of RBCs after IVH. There was a surge in coWBC at days 3-5. All parameters of inflammatory response, and most notably the coWBC peak, were greater with larger volume of IVH. Subgroup analyses defined a threshold for significant inflammatory response with initial IVH volume 27mls (P=0.006). Bacterial ventriculitis resulted in significantly higher coWBCs (P<0.001) and neutrophils (P=0.01), but only in cases with low volume IVH (<27ml) Conclusion: Inflammation is an integral response to IVH and is more pronounced with large IVH volume. Bacterial ventriculitis is associated with CSF leukocytosis exceeding the aseptic inflammatory response, notably in lower volume bleeds. These results form a basis for future correlation with treatment rendered, rate of IVH clearance and clinical outcome, with upcoming unblinding of the trial.