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SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS This work presents an explainable machine learning approach for assessing obsolescence risk in electronic components, targeting long-lifecycle systems in sectors such as aerospace, rail, and defense. Unlike traditional approaches that focus solely on predicting end-of-life dates or binary obsolescence status, our method incorporates multiple dimensions of risk: lifecycle, compliance, inventory, and multisourcing, reflecting the complexity of real-world operational environments.Since most machine learning models rely on labeled data (i.e., annotations specifying risk categories) to learn accurate predictions, its absence poses a significant challenge in industrial contexts. To address that common absence of labeled data in industrial datasets, we applied a weak-label supervision strategy. These weak labels are approximate but structured risk classifications derived from expert-defined business rules, grounded in domain knowledge.Each risk dimension was evaluated separately and weighed using a multi-criteria decision-making approach, ensuring that the final global risk score aligned with strategic priorities in obsolescence management. To ensure model transparency, we employed explainable AI techniques specifically SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method, which allow engineers to understand and trust how features contribute to each prediction. Each feature or risk factor is given a relevance value by SHAP for a specific prediction.This study demonstrates that multi-dimensional risk prediction is feasible even without labeled training data. The results provide a strong foundation for supporting proactive obsolescence management strategies that go beyond binary obsolescence status and align more closely with industrial decision-making needs.

ABSTRACT Background Client-centred care and shared decision making are prevailing principles in healthcare. For people with aphasia (PWA) this is difficult. There is a need for diagnostic instruments that are accessible for PWA and capture their needs, values and preferences (NV&P) for rehabilitation. Aims This paper reports on a collaboration between occupational therapists (OTs), PWA and speech language therapists that aimed to investigate current barriers and facilitators that OTs experience in assessing the client’s NV&P and create and evaluate supportive tools to enable OTs to help PWA in formulating their NV&P. Methods The research consisted of two phases. Phase one: qualitative research was conducted with semi-structured interviews with OTs about their current approach and their needs in assessing clients’ NV&P. The interviews were transcribed, coded and themes were identified. Phase two: tools for the in-patient setting were developed together with PWA, based on the analysis from the first phase. These tools were piloted, and feedback groups were held, in order to further refine the materials. Results Results from interviews showed that there is a need for instruments to assess the clients’ NV&P for in-patient and out-patient settings. The clinical phase focusses on activities of daily living. In the out-patient phase the focus is on daily activities. For the clinical phase, a set of 55 photos in 8 categories was developed, with which the patient’s NV&P can be determined. Conclusion OTs need tools to support their conversation with PWA about their NV&P. In collaboration with OTs and PWA tools were developed.

Purpose The aim of this explorative, qualitative study is to identify factors that potentially influence the execution of physical fitness training in inpatient orthopedic geriatric rehabilitation (GR), from the perspectives of patients, their relatives and professionals. Materials and methods In GR wards of skilled nursing facilities in the Netherlands, semi-structured interviews were held with triads of patients, their relatives and responsible nurses, and focus groups with members of the multidisciplinary teams. Verbatim reports were analyzed according to the framework method. Results We found twelve categories of barriers and facilitators related to characteristics of the patients, their family, staff, training program and organization. Conclusions The barriers and facilitators found largely correspond with those found for participation in exercise in related settings, but also show important differences. This overview of barriers and facilitators enables multidisciplinary teams to design improvements at the level of the organization and interventions, as well as at the level of the individual training program, tailoring it to the patient’s circumstances and needs. Further research should focus on weighing these barriers and facilitators to develop a feasible guidance for daily practice, as well as testing their effect on the adherence to existing physical fitness training guidelines.

Professionals providing self-management support to parents regarding the care for their child with a chronic condition nowadays is an important aspect of child healthcare. This requires professionals to orient themselves towards partnership and collaboration with parents. The aims of the current study were the development and validation of the S-Scan-Parental self-management Support (S-scan - PS) as a tool for healthcare professionals to reflect on their attitude and practices regarding the support for parental self-management. An existing instrument was adapted together with field experts for professionals to self-evaluate their support for self-management of parents. The resulting 36-item self-report questionnaire was filled in by healthcare professionals in the Netherlands working with children and their parents. Cognitive interviews, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and test-retest reliability analysis were part of the development and validation process. In total, 434 professionals, including physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and nurses, from 13 rehabilitation institutes and 5 medical centres participated. The cognitive interviews with child healthcare professionals indicated adequate face and content validity. The S-scan - PS scale had acceptable internal consistency (0.71 ≤ α ≤ 0.91) for the total score as well as the domain scores. CFA showed acceptable root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) model fit (0.066), though not on other tested goodness-of-fit indices. Test-retest reliability of the instrument was moderate with an average intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.61. The S-scan - PS fulfils important psychometric criteria for use by child healthcare professionals to reflect on parental self-management support. Such self-reflection might help to improve their approach towards supporting self-management of parents in the care for their child with a chronic condition. Further research is needed into the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the instrument.

Skeletal muscle‐related symptoms are common in both acute coronavirus disease (Covid)‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 (PASC). In this narrative review, we discuss cellular and molecular pathways that are affected and consider these in regard to skeletal muscle involvement in other conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, critical illness myopathy, and post‐viral fatigue syndrome. Patients with severe Covid‐19 and PASC suffer from skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. Histological sections present muscle fibre atrophy, metabolic alterations, and immune cell infiltration. Contributing factors to weakness and fatigue in patients with severe Covid‐19 include systemic inflammation, disuse, hypoxaemia, and malnutrition. These factors also contribute to post‐intensive care unit (ICU) syndrome and ICU‐acquired weakness and likely explain a substantial part of Covid‐19‐acquired weakness. The skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance associated with PASC are more obscure. Direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV)‐2 viral infiltration into skeletal muscle or an aberrant immune system likely contribute. Similarities between skeletal muscle alterations in PASC and chronic fatigue syndrome deserve further study. Both SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific factors and generic consequences of acute disease likely underlie the observed skeletal muscle alterations in both acute Covid‐19 and PASC.

Various functional muscle properties affect different aspects of functional exercise capacity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of quadriceps muscle strength, endurance, and power to 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD) and 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1STS) performance in people with COPD. The study was a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics, Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, lung function, 6MWD, and 1STS number of repetitions were assessed. Isometric quadriceps strength and endurance, isotonic quadriceps endurance, isokinetic quadriceps strength, and power were assessed on a computerized dynamometer while functional quadriceps power was determined during 5 sit-to-stand repetitions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the contribution of functional muscle properties to the 6MWD and the 1STS number of repetitions. The study included 70 people with COPD (mean % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second=58.9 [SD=18.2]). The 6MWD correlated with each functional muscle property except the isometric quadriceps endurance. The number of repetitions during the 1STS correlated with each functional muscle property except isometric measurements. Multivariate models explained 60% and 39% of the variance in the 6MWD and 1STS number of repetitions, respectively, with quadriceps power determined during 5 sit-to-stand repetitions being the muscle functional property with the strongest contribution to the models. Except for isometric endurance, quadriceps strength, endurance, and power were associated with functional exercise capacity in people with moderate COPD. Among these functional muscle properties, muscle power contributed the most to the 6MWD and 1STS number of repetitions, suggesting that muscle power is more relevant to functional exercise capacity than muscle strength or endurance in people with COPD. Understanding the individual contribution of muscle properties to functional status is important to designing interventions. This study provides the guidance that muscle power may be more important to functional exercise capacity than muscle strength or endurance in people with COPD.

Objective: To compare the responsiveness of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation (USER) to the responsiveness of the Barthel Index in stroke patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Design: Observational study. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facility. Subjects: Consecutive stroke patients admitted for clinical rehabilitation. Interventions: Not applicable. Main measures: The USER and the Barthel Index were administered by a nurse at admission and discharge. The Effect Size and Standardized Response Mean (SRM) were calculated as measures of responsiveness. Results: From 198 (78%) of the 254 patients who were included in the study period, both admission and discharge data were available. At admission the mean score of the USER subscale Functional independence was 43.1 (SD = 18.9) and at discharge the mean score was 59.3 (SD = 13.8). The mean score of the Barthel Index at admission was 13.3 (SD = 5.4) and at discharge 18.4 (SD = 3.3). The Effect Size of the USER subscales Mobility, Self-care, Cognitive functioning, Pain, Fatigue and Mood were 0.85, 0.77, 0.48, 0.19, 0.40 and 0.28, respectively, and of the Barthel Index 0.94. The results for the SRM were in the same range. Conclusion: In inpatient rehabilitation after stroke, the USER was less responsive than the Barthel Index.

This study was conducted to find out 1) how the learning habits of fifth grade students in Ganggug 1 Elementary School, Jonggat Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency, 2) how is the learning outcome of class V students, and 3) is there a significant relationship between learning habits and the learning achievement of fifth grade students in Cluster 1 Elementary School. The method in this study is the correlation method. The population in this study were class V which numbered 117 with a sample of 54 students. The sampling technique is done by random sampling. Data collection techniques in this study by observation, questionnaire, and documentation were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The analysis prerequisite test includes data normality test and regression linearity test. Hypothesis testing includes Product Moment correlation test. The results showed that: (1) the learning habits of fifth grade students with a percentage of 43% were classified as high; (2) student learning achievements with a percentage of 55% classified as very high; (3) there is a significant relationship between study habits and learning achievement indicated by the existence of tcount <t table (0.02 <0.05) and significance of 0.05, the correlation in this study is classified as moderate. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between study habits and learning achievement, and is classified as moderate. Suggestions teachers must pay attention and monitor student learning achievement by giving guidance and motivation so that more enthusiasm in learning and students can get used to learning optimally.
 
 Abstrak
 Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui 1) bagaimanakah kebiasaan belajar siswa kelas V di SDN Gugus 1 Kecamatan Jonggat Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, 2) bagaimanakah pestasi belajar siswa kelas V di SDN Gugus 1 Kecamatan Jonggat Tahun Pelajaran Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, dan3) apakah ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan belajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa kelas V di SDN Gugus 1 Kecamatan Jonggat Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Metode dalam penelitian ini dengan metode korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas V SDN Gugus 1 Kecamatan Jonggat yang berjumlah 117 dengan jumlah sampel 54 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Uji prasyarat analisis meliputi uji normalitas data dan uji linieritas regresi. Uji hipotesis meliputi uji korelasi Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kebiasaan belajar siswa kelas V dengan persentase 43% tergolong tinggi ; (2) prestasi belajar siswa dengan persentase 55% tergolong sangat tinggi; (3) ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan belajar dengan prestasi belajar ditunjukkan dengan adanya thitung <ttabel (0,02<0,05) dan taraf signifikansi 0,05, korelasi dalam penelitian ini tergolong sedang. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan belajar dengan prestasi belajar, dan tergolong sedang. Saran guru harus memperhatikan dan memantau prestasi belajar siswa dengan memberi bimbingan dan motivasi agar lebih semangat dalam belajarnya serta siswa dapat membiasakan diri belajar secara optimal.

BackgroundIn people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), limb-muscle dysfunction is one of the most troublesome systemic manifestations of the disease, which at the functional level is evidenced by reduced strength and endurance of limb muscles. Improving limb-muscle function is an important therapeutic goal of COPD management, for which resistance training is recommended. However, current guidelines for resistance training in COPD mainly focus on improving muscle strength which only reflects one aspect of limb-muscle function and does not address the issue of reduced muscle endurance. The latter is of importance considering that the reduction in limb-muscle endurance often is greater than that of muscle weakness, and also, limb-muscle endurance seems to be closer related to walking capacity as well as arm function than to limb-muscle strength within this group of people. Thus, strategies targeting multiple aspects of the decreased muscle function are warranted to increase the possibility for an optimal effect for the individual patient. Periodized resistance training, which represents a planned variation of resistance training variables (i.e., volume, intensity, frequency, etc.), is one strategy that could be used to target limb-muscle strength as well as limb-muscle endurance within the same exercise regimen.MethodsThis is an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the effect and feasibility of non-linear periodized resistance training to traditional non-periodized resistance training in people with COPD. Primary outcomes are dynamic limb-muscle strength and endurance. Secondary outcomes include static limb-muscle strength and endurance, functional performance, quality of life, dyspnea, intramuscular adaptations as well as the proportion of responders. Feasibility of the training programs will be assessed and compared on attendance rate, duration, satisfaction, drop-outs as well as occurrence and severity of any adverse events.DiscussionThe proposed trial will provide new knowledge to this research area by investigating and comparing the feasibility and effects of non-linear periodized resistance training compared to traditional non-periodized resistance training. If the former strategy produces larger physiological adaptations than non-periodized resistance training, this project may influence the prescription of resistance training in people with COPD.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03518723. Registered on 13 April 2018.

Background: Considering the large economic consequences of severe childhood obesity for the society, we aimed to conduct an economic evaluation comparing two intensive 1-year lifestyle treatments with varying inpatient periods for severely obese children and adolescents with regard to standard deviation score BMI (SDS-BMI) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Methods: An economic evaluation from a societal perspective accompanying a randomized controlled trial with a 24-month follow-up. 80 participants (8-19 years) with severe obesity were included. Participants received an intensive 1-year lifestyle treatment with an inpatient period of 2 months (short-stay group) or 6 months (long-stay group). Data were collected at baseline, 6, 12 ,and 24 months and included SDS-BMI and QALYs. Results: SDS-BMI decreased in the first 6 months of treatment, stabilized in the second 6 months, and increased during the 2nd year in both groups. After 24 months, SDS-BMI was similar in both groups, but remained lower than baseline values (mean difference -0.24, 95% CI -0.42; -0.06). There was no difference in QALYs between the groups after 24 months. For SDS-BMI, the probability of the short-stay treatment being cost-effective in comparison with the long-stay treatment was 1 at a willingness-to-pay of 0 EUR/unit of effect, which slowly decreased to 0.54 for larger willingness-to-pay values. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the short-stay treatment is considered to be more cost-effective from the societal perspective in comparison with the long-stay treatment. Future research should provide insight in whether the short-stay treatment is cost-effective in comparison with usual care.