Michelin (United States)

El pez blanco Chirostoma estor es una especie con alto potencial de cultivo y calidad nutricional. A pesar de los avances en su cultivo y alimentación, aún no se cuenta con una alimento balanceado que permita el buen crecimiento obtenido con el alimento vivo. En este trabajo se estudió el desarrollo de la actividad digestiva en la especie, desde la eclosión hasta los 150 días, usando solo alimento vivo para evitar afectar la maduración digestiva. Los análisis de actividad se realizaron con técnicas fluorómetricas (enzimas pancreáticas) y espectofotométricas (enzimas intestinales) validadas para evaluar maduración digestiva. El crecimiento observado fue comparable con el obtenido utilizando luz contínua y microdietas con proteína soluble y consorcio bacteriano. Se evidenció la necesidad de incluir rotíferos y nauplios de Artemia en los primeros estadíos. Los indicadores de maduración digestiva evidenciaron que C. estor sigue el modelo descrito para peces gástricos, con las particularidades de ser tardío -posterior a los 5 meses de vida-, presentar niveles muy elevados de actividad citosólica intestinal (leucin alanin peptidasa) y mantener esta actividad y la anclada a la membrana de los enterocitos durante el estadio juvenil. Por consiguiente, se recomienda un destete posterior al primer mes de vida, induciendo una maduración temprana.

While proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are already commercial, developing highly-efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts, is still needed. The scientific community is successful in developing new (in principle more active) electrocatalysts but still struggles to obtain the best performance of these materials in operating PEMFCs: their practical performance in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) do not reach those expected from an analytical approach performed using the rotating disk electrode setup, RDE (the most widely-used setup to assess a material’s ORR performance) [1-6].Several reasons explain why RDE data may not be relevant to account for MEA data. Firstly, in RDE, the O2 reactant is fed as gas dissolved in the electrolyte (slow diffusivity and solubility), hence the mass-transfer rate and related limiting current density are ca. 3 orders of magnitude lower than in real PEMFC conditions. Secondly, the activity data can only be extracted at high potential values in RDE (E > 0.85 V vs. RHE), although PEMFC optimal performance is reached at 0.6 < E < 0.8 V vs. RHE (cathode potential). Thirdly, the proton conduction can be limiting in the thin layer of ionomer covering the electrocatalyst nanoparticles in MEA, which could limit their operation, especially at the high current densities at stake in MEA. In essence, one is not sure that the electrocatalysts are used in optimized conditions in MEA, as emphasized mass-transport of reactants (both H+ and O2) to the catalytic sites is not granted for present ionomers and MEA structure [7, 8]. Recent results obtained in newly-developed electrochemical characterization setups like the floating electrode (FE) [9], the gas-diffusion electrode (GDE) [10] or differential cell (DC), could enable to reach much higher ORR current densities at the lab scale and therefore better match MEA data, a prerequisite for relevant benchmarking.In the present contribution, the GDE (Fig. 1a), that enables high current density measurements with a small amount of electrocatalyst [11], will be particularly studied. The combination of experimental measurements with numerical simulations is a promising approach to understand the factors affecting the performance of an electrocatalyst in a given electrode and assembly. In this study, a 3D multiphysics and multicomponent model is developed on the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics® to study the ORR kinetics in a GDE, considering an acidic electrolyte. The model includes mass, species and momentum transports, as well as the Butler-Volmer's law for the electrochemical reaction, current distribution and transport of charged ions. The numerical results are then compared to the experimental data for three widely-used commercial benchmark ORR electrocatalysts: Pt/Vulcan XC72 carbon, PtCo/Vulcan XC72 carbon and Pt/graphitized carbon black (Fig. 1b). These results will be discussed, which will enable to isolate what phenomenon is the most limiting in this GDE configuration.This work was funded by the Centre of Excellence of Multifunctional Architectured Materials “CEMAM” no. AN-10-LABX-44-01 and by France’s “Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir” operated by the French National Research Agency (grant ANR-22-PEHY-0005). Some of the work was performed in the frame of the CNRS-Michelin joint Laboratory Alcal’HyLab. Keywords: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Oxygen reduction reaction, Gas diffusion electrode, Kinetics Modelling

ABSTRACTThe U.S. automotive tire industry consumes more than 3.6 million tons of materials to manufacture 300 million tires annually. To ensure materials‐related sustainability, it is important to enable the use of a greater recycling rate of steel scrap in the manufacturing of new tires. However, impurities like copper compromise the performance of steel wires that are cold‐drawn from ~5.5 mm diameter rods. This article investigates copper precipitation in sensitized steel wire rods and their mechanical properties subjected to varying heat treatment procedures. The amount of copper precipitated in sensitized zones as a function of Cu concentration in the steel samples is quantified using scanning electron microscopy. Preliminary findings indicate that an increase in cooling rate during the heat treatment procedure increases the amount of Cu precipitated in the sensitized zones and increases the geometric footprint of the sensitized zones. Tensile tests on heat‐treated 5 mm‐diameter wire rods showed a higher strain and slightly lower peak stress as the cooling rate decreased. This research thus contributes to a better understanding of the influence of Cu concentration on the microstructure and performance of steel wires used in tire manufacturing, thereby allowing for the enhanced use of scrap steel.

The iron and steel manufacturing sector significantly adds to global greenhouse gas emissions, caused primarily by the carbothermic reduction of iron ore. Recycling scrap steel offers an effective decarbonization strategy but introduces impurities like copper (Cu) that can negatively impact mechanical properties. This study investigates the effects of Cu content and heat treatment on the mechanical performance and sensitization of steel wire rods for tire manufacturing. Steel rods with 0.04 and 0.21 wt% Cu are heated to 1050 or 1200 °C, then air quenched, or furnace cooled. Tensile testing coupled with microscopic analysis is used to evaluate mechanical properties and assess the sensitization effects. Higher Cu content leads to larger sensitized zones with increased Cu precipitation along grain boundaries. Ductility and toughness, crucial for wire drawability, are found to be reduced, despite higher ultimate strength. Slower furnace cooling is seen to result in smaller sensitized zones compared to air quenching, suggesting a pivotal role of cooling rate in sensitization control. The findings provide insights into optimize heat treatment parameters and Cu content limits, balancing mechanical performance and maintaining drawability for enhanced scrap steel recycling in tire production.

Volvo’s SuperTruck 2 (ST2) built on the success of the SuperTruck 1 (ST1) project, with the objective to research, develop, and demonstrate a Class 8 long-haul tractor-trailer concept truck designed with an integrated approach to maximize freight efficiency and achieve the following goals: - Greater than 100% improvement in vehicle freight efficiency (FE) on a ton-mile-per-gallon basis, with a stretch goal of 120% improvement relative to a 2009 baseline. - Greater than or equal to 55% engine brake thermal efficiency (BTE) demonstrated in an operational engine at a 65-mph cruise point on a dynamometer. - Develop technologies that are commercially cost effective in terms of a simple payback. This cooperative agreement with the US Department of Energy (DOE) had a total project cost of $40,000,000 with a 50% cost share, or $20,000,000, paid by the DOE. This project was awarded to Volvo Technology of America, LLC, who was the prime recipient and project lead. Metalsa, Michelin, Wabash, Bergstrom, University of Michigan, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Johnson Matthey, Knight Transportation, Wegmans, and Motivo were partners / sub-recipients in this project.

Sürdürülebilirlik konusuna artan farkındalık ile birlikte 2020 yılında Michelin Rehberi Fransa seçimleri lansmanında tanıtılan, günümüzde tüm rehber seçimlerinde uygulaması yapılan Yeşil Yıldız, Michelin Rehberi’nin yeni rütbesi olmuştur. Bu bağlamda; Michelin Yeşil Yıldız,Michelin Rehberi’nin ayrıcalıklarından farklı olarak Michelin Rehberi seçimlerine katılan her türden restorana verilebilmektedir. Yiyecek içecek sektörünün söz konusu dönüşümünü desteklemek, farkındalık yaratmak ve sürdürülebilirlik konusuna dair alınan aksiyonları hızlandırmak adına paydaşları ve onların somut girişimlerini teşvik etmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı İstanbul’u da 38. Destinasyon olarak listesine alan Michelin Rehberi’nin ülkemizin çeşitli lokasyonlarında hizmet veren zincir yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde yarattığı bakış açısını, kazandıkları farkındalık ile aldıkları aksiyonları incelemektir. Bu araştırmada, İstanbul Merkezine bağlı zincir yiyecek içecek işletmesinde çalışmakta olan 11 kişilik mutfak yönetim ekibi ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların Michelin Yeşil Yıldız konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları ama sürdürülebilirliğe dair sektörün dönüşümünü desteklemek adına farkındalık yaratmak ve aksiyonları hızlandırmak için paydaşları ve onların somut girişimlerini teşvik ettikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The main goal of this work is to develop a data-driven Reduced Order Model (ROM) strategy from high-fidelity simulation result data of a Full Order Model (FOM). The goal is to predict at lower computational cost the time evolution of solutions of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problems. For some FSI applications, the elastic solid FOM (often chosen as quasi-static) can take far more computational time than the fluid one. In this context, for the sake of performance one could only derive a ROM for the structure and try to achieve a partitioned FOM fluid solver coupled with a ROM solid one. In this paper, we present a data-driven partitioned ROM on two study cases: (i) a simplified 1D-1D FSI problem representing an axisymmetric elastic model of an arterial vessel, coupled with an incompressible fluid flow; (ii) an incompressible 2D wake flow over a cylinder facing an elastic solid with two flaps. We evaluate the accuracy and performance of the proposed ROM-FOM strategy on these cases while investigating the effects of the model's hyperparameters. We demonstrate a high prediction accuracy and significant speedup achievements using this strategy.

The Unsika Peduli Mangrove activity is a continuous and sustainable mangrove community assistance activity. The concept of this activity wants the mangroves on the Karawang coast to be well maintained in general and especially in Tangkolak as a center for mangrove conservation. Procurement of rare mangroves needs to be done specifically for nurseries, especially the male Avicennia and Avicennia besides the Rhizophora and female Avicennia which have a very large population. Supporters of this activity are assisted by the Kreasi Alam Bahari Tangkolak mangrove community. Mangrove planting method is carried out by involving donors, students and the community around Tangkolak. The planting model still uses the traditional direct planting model without using any tools. Activities carried out in 2022 include 1). Nature Campaign Program, UPM. 2). Unsika Peduli Mangrove and Klambi Loyal Coustumer, 3). World Mangrove Day with Unsika Peduli Mangrove and BEM Unsika Engineering, 4). Unsika Peduli Mangrove and Michelin Jakarta, 5). Unsika Cares for Mangrove and Student Executive Board (BEM) Singaperbangsa University Karawang. Community service activities include planting 4,136 mangrove trees. The assessment of community service activities for the mangrove community is 4,418 (88.37%), meaning that the activity is still in great demand by actors who love the environment, especially mangroves. The Tangkolak mangrove conservation program will develop a cropping pattern with a clump pattern spaced 2 m x 5 m. This pattern will be able to reduce the mortality of the growth of the Tangkolak mangrove seedlings.