Ministère des Transports

Abstract Spreads are a type of landslide in sensitive clay, characterized by horsts and grabens that develop over long, quasi-horizontal shear band due to strain-softening and progressive failure. It is not yet understood what causes the initiation of the horizontal shear band, nor why its direction of propagation is approximately horizontal. The paper suggests that initiation of a horizontal shear band is more likely in deposits that have a high capacity for horizontal unloading in the overlying soil mass without mobilizing active failure relative to the direct simple shear undrained shear strength along the potential shear band. Using the 1994 spread at Sainte-Monique-de-Nicolet, two parametric studies are described studying the influence of various soil strength parameters on the ratio of available horizontal unloading to direct simple shear strength as well as the influence of this ratio on mobilized stresses following a horizontal unloading. The results of a recent phase of geotechnical investigation, used to identify soil input parameters, are described.

<p>This study assessed the placement and sound characteristics of locomotive horns. Its objective was to provide recommendations to ensure adequate warning for safety reasons and to address excessive loudness complaints from crews and from residents near tracks.</p> <p>The scope of work involved laboratory investigations of desirable warning characteristics, field measurements of the influence of horn position on its effectiveness at operating speeds, and an in-service assessment of alternative horns. Safety effectiveness considerations included pedestrians/trespassers, drivers stopped at grade crossings, and drivers approaching grade crossings.</p> <p>Recommendations are made to reposition horns in new-build locomotives and to add emergency-only or two-level horns at the front of some models of existing locomotives.</p>

Partant de ses travaux sur la migration et la mobilité sociale durant les années 1980 et 1990, l’auteure revient sur la façon dont des femmes immigrées et migrante en Europe, venues du Sud ou des anciens pays du bloc soviétique, cherchent à contourner leur assignation au bas de l’échelle sociale en se mettant à leur compte. L’entreprenariat féminin en migration conduit à renouveler le modèle d’accession à la classe moyenne par le salariat et les diplômes. Il permet aux femmes de créer des réseaux, de lutter contre les discriminations genrées, sociales, ethniques ou spatiales qui les visent, et de mettre à profit leur savoir en matière de circulation pour construire un capital économique.

Popularity has increased for semi-flexible transit systems because they combine the flexibility of a Demand Responsive Transit with the affordable fare of Conventional Public Transport. In this study, we investigate a Flex-Route Transit: a shuttle performs several trips in a pre-defined service area; it follows a main route between origin and destination terminals and must pass through some mandatory checkpoints along this route. Between any consecutive checkpoints, an available slack time is available for shuttles to deviate from the main route to pick-up and drop-off customers. We implement a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming formulation from the literature with an added shuttle capacity constraint. We use it to perform a sensitivity analysis of the system using a full factorial experimental design over three parameters, namely: shuttle capacity, level of demand and available slack time. The combined influence of the parameters is analyzed using the method called Analysis of Variance.

The rainfall reduction in the 1970s, less marked in Central Africa than in West Africa, still had a major impact on the hydrological regimes of the region's large rivers. The study of the hydropluviometric behavior of the Ubangi River at Mobaye has the advantage of being a study of a basin excluding anthropogenic impact. Forest cover and population density have not changed since at least 1970. Statistical analysis of the breaks in the long rainfall time series to Mobaye (1938–2015) confirms a long period of drought from 1969 to 2006, corresponding to a reduction of 8% in rainfall. Also, the study of the corresponding hydrological series indicates a second downward break in 1981, marking an exceptional hydrological drought. Flows increased in 2013, a few years after the rainfall increase. The statistical study of the annual rainfall/flow series of the upstream basins over the period 1951–1995 (the Kotto River in Kembe and Bria, the Mbomu River in Bangassou and Zemio, and the Uele River + Bili hydrographic system) highlights different hydrological behaviors related to the vegetation cover. On the one hand, the savannah basins show a continuous hydrological deficit marked by a runoff coefficient (CE) that fell to only 5% from the 1990s. On the other hand, the basins under forest show a runoff increase since 1990, marked by a CE above 10%. Under savannah, the part of the flow infiltrating to recharge the aquifer would have decreased faster than under forest, which results in a runoff CE very significantly negatively correlated with the savannah area present in the studied watershed.

Objective: the most relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court of Colombia regarding the social market economy are analyzed, in order to establish the level of development and guarantee of this model of economy by the aforementioned Judicial Court. Method and/or methodology: The text is supported by the documentary method and is organized as follows: itinitially addresses some conceptual considerations, and then develops the analysis of the social market economy based on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court on the matter, and closes with the respective conclusions.

Avec l’augmentation de l’arrivée de réfugiés au milieu de la dernière décennie, le thème de l’intégration des réfugiés dans le marché du travail a gagné en importance en Allemagne. Le cadre juridique de l’accès à la formation et au travail a été successivement élargi et modifié, notamment pour les personnes engagées dans la procédure d’asile ou les demandeurs d’asile déboutés, tandis que des mesures de soutien de l’État ont été élaborées, testées et adaptées. En parallèle, la collecte et l’analyse des données ont progressé de manière décisive : ainsi, des données plus précises sur la participation des réfugiés au marché du travail sont collectées par l’Agence fédérale pour l’emploi (BA) depuis 2016. La prise en compte de l’hétérogénéité de la population des réfugiés, notamment en ce qui concerne leur âge et leur bagage scolaire, devient de plus en plus l’objet d’une attention soutenue des acteurs gouvernementaux et non gouvernementaux, et s’affirme comme une condition essentielle pour soutenir avec succès une bonne intégration dans le marché du travail. Cet article donne un aperçu des conditions-cadres de l’accueil des réfugiés en Allemagne, des défis posés ainsi que de certaines des mesures de soutien adoptées.

Abstract Background:In the implementation of the results-based financing (PBF) strategy in Burkina Faso, there is heterogeneity in the performance of technical quality of healthcare in basic healthcare facilities. This study aims to identify the factors that may explain this heterogeneity. Methods:We carried out a quantitative study in 30 basic public health facilities, thirteen of which have a quality score greater than or equal to 50% and 17 of which have a quality score less than 50%. Data from their profiles were collected using a direct observation grid. A total of 94 health professionals answered a series of semi-structured questions. A bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and a multivariate analysis using the multiple regression model were used. Results:The difference is statistically significant in favour of health facilities with good performance in technical quality in terms of health infrastructure (p=0.020), health equipment (p=0.004) and compliance with norms and standards in terms of health personnel (p=0.004). The variables used in the multiple regression model are ongoing training (p=0.000), internal communication (p=0.000) and financial motivation (p=0.003) of health professionals.Conclusion:These results suggest that the effectiveness of the technical quality of healthcare in implementing the PBF depends on certain basic conditions in the health facilities, such as the presence of infrastructures, equipment and human resources that meet established norms and standards and the managerial dynamics of healthcare workers.

Este articulo describe la experiencia de integracion de la perspectiva de genero en el urbanismo en la Comunidad Autonoma Valenciana. Este proceso se inicio en 2015 desde la Conselleria de Vivienda, Obras Publicas y Vertebracion del Territorio (CVOPVT), en cuyo seno se constituyo, desde el mismo inicio de legislatura y por iniciativa de la propia Consellera, Ma Jose Salvador, una Mesa de Genero de alto nivel. Esta Mesa tiene el mandato de trabajar las competencias del departamento con perspectiva de genero, en colaboracion con la unidad de igualdad de la CVOPVT. Es un grupo multidisciplinario que persigue una via de aproximacion a las competencias de la Conselleria desde la experiencia de las mujeres, que historicamente han tenido escasa participacion en el diseno de la ciudad y el territorio. Con la creacion de la Mesa, se decidio explorar y abordar al maximo nivel la perspectiva de genero en la vivienda, la ciudad, el territorio y la movilidad. En este articulo se describe el proceso de puesta en marcha y aplicacion de estas politicas.