Ministerio de Fomento

Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is considered as one of the 100 most harmful IAS in the world. Traditional detection methods have limitations, and PCR based environmental DNA detection has provided interesting results for early warning. However, in the last years, the development of isothermal amplification methods has received increasing attention. Among them, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has several advantages, including its higher tolerance to the presence of inhibitors and the possibility of naked-eye detection, which enables and simplifies its potential use in decentralized settings. In the current study, a real-time LAMP (qLAMP) method for the detection of Dreissena polymorpha was developed and tested with samples from the Guadalquivir River basin, together with two real-time PCR (qPCR) methods using different detection chemistries, targeting a specific region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome C oxidase subunit I. All three developed approaches were evaluated regarding specificity, sensitivity and time required for detection. Regarding sensitivity, both qPCR approaches were more sensitive than qLAMP by one order of magnitude, however the qLAMP method proved to be as specific and much faster being performed in just 9 min versus 23 and 29 min for the qPCR methods based on hydrolysis probe and intercalating dye respectively.

The study examined livelihood changes in eight villages in Luang Namtha province of northern Lao PDR following the expansion in rubber plantations and analyzed its impact on gender roles and relations. All study villages are engaged in rubber production, but the impact is shaped by the context and history of the particular location. The study has demonstrated the importance of feminist political ecologist approach in analyzing the conjuncture and intersectionality, as well as the location that shapes these conditions to better understand the gendered impact of the introduction of rubber production. The concept of social interface has helped us to identify the shock that women and men face and the changes in access to resources as a result of the shock and the agencies that the people exercised.

This study aims to determine the potential of bioasphalt as a rejuvenating ingredient on aged asphalt. Two different bioasphalt are used, which is bioasphalt from coconut shell and bioasphalt bitutechRAP, aged asphalt is extracted from Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) taken from Karawang, West Java, and the original asphalt as a control is pen 60/70 from Pertamina. The samples were made by mixing each bioasphalt on aged asphalt at 7 different percentage of 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 20%, 25%, 30%, then each samples tested the penetration and softening point of asphalt (referring to control asphalt properties), to get the optimum percentage of bioasphalt. Samples with optimum bioasphalt then tested with FTIR for chemical structure and SEM for morphology. The results of this study are (1) the percentage optimum of bioasphalt as rejuvenator, which is 23% for bioasphalt coconut shell and 17% for bioasphalt bitutechRAP; (2) the addition of bioasphalt to aged asphalt shows that the morphological conditions, chemical structure and rheology of asphalt are almost close to the new asphalt condition; (3) bioasphalt are potencially as rejuvenator.

(2016). Introduccion del numero especial XIII Jornadas Espanolas de Ingenieria de Costas y Puertos. Ribagua: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. i-iii.

In this chapter, the state space model is thoroughly discussed. After defining the general state space model, the Kalman filter is derived. The square root covariance and the information filter are described. The topics of likelihood evaluation, forecasting, smoothing and covariance-based filters are discussed. Markov processes and the backwards Kalman filter are presented. The last part of the chapter is devoted to the handling of state space models with constant bias and incompletely specified initial conditions. The two-stage Kalman filter and the square root information form of the bias filter are described. Several algorithms for likelihood evaluation, forecasting and smoothing are given.

On January 1st, 2006 flash flood disaster (in Indonesia is known as banjir bandang) occurred in Kaliputih River, Jember District of East Java Province. This disaster resulted in more than 80 people were killed and hundreds were injured. The disaster was caused by natural dam break. The natural dam was formed by landslide due to heavy rainfall. After the January 2006 disaster, new cracks and crevices were found in the upstream area of Kaliputih River. Based on this condition, it cannot be disregarded to avoid repetition of similar disaster in the future. Therefore, it is required to conduct mitigation efforts in order to anticipate similar disaster in the future. One of the mitigation efforts is modeling simulation of the past event. The understanding which is obtained from the simulation can be used as reference to arrange other mitigation efforts plan and action . Modeling simulation of the January 2006 flood was conducted by involving 1-D model of HEC-RAS version 4.1.0 software. Flood hydrograph was obtained by analyzing related hydrologic aspects using Nakayasu method. The natural dam model was interpreted from field observation and related references. Some assumptions related to study constraints were taken. Model calibration was conducted by repeating simulation using fixed discharge and parameter values in a certain range. The observations were carried out to the maximum water surface elevation and it was traced to the downstream river. Calibration model result showed that the height of natural dam significantly influence changes of water surface elevation at control point. Tracing of flood result in reconstruction of January 2006 flood showed the conformity with the real event. It was observed from the arrival time of flood at certain location. From obtained results, it can be concluded that simulation modeling gave the acceptable results.