Ministry of Healthcare

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted the search for new organizational solutions for medical care during emergencies that use remote work formats. The article presents international and Russian experience in the use of remote technologies in medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pace and scale of implementation of remote technologies varied from country to country. Remote technologies have become an effective emergency response measure for medical care, ensuring timeliness and reducing the burden on the healthcare system. Objective. To study the experience of using remote technologies for medical care in patients with COVID-19, and to assess the organizational effectiveness of a regional outpatient center in the Altai Territory. Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted, including in the English-language database of medical and biological publications, PubMed. Up-to-date information was also obtained from some relevant websites. The activities of the regional outpatient center for medical care for patients with new COVID-19 coronavirus infection (Altai Territory) and international experience were analyzed. Results. It was shown that in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to manage the infectious process, there was a sharp increase in the use of telemedicine and mobile applications. It was found that the increase in telemedicine and remote monitoring during COVID-19 left society as a whole with several practical issues to address. The guidelines from professional medical organizations on the use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. Conclusion. Remote monitoring has become an effective tool for medical care in settings of social distancing and isolation/quarantine during the pandemic.

This research focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of novel bitumen additives aimed at improving the performance and durability of asphalt materials. The synthesized additives were characterized using spectroscopic and thermal analysis techniques, such as FTIR and TGA, to determine their structural and thermal properties. Modified bitumen samples were prepared by incorporating different concentrations of the synthesized additive, and their physical, mechanical, and rheological properties were investigated through penetration, softening point, ductility, flash point and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests. Experimental results indicated that the additive significantly enhances the high-temperature stability, reduces temperature susceptibility, and improves the rheological performance of bitumen. Specifically, modified bitumen exhibited increased resistance to rutting, aging, and oxidative degradation compared to conventional bitumen. This improvement in bitumen performance can lead to extended pavement life, reduced maintenance costs, and enhanced sustainability in road construction.

The range of variability of the index of differentiation of dental enamel (SDQ) was determined based on the study of dental characteristics of water voles from seven regions of Azerbaijan, captured in 1926–1965 and stored in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan. The index is calculated as the ratio of the thickness of the enamel walls of the dental crown, taking into account their leading and trailing roles in chewing. It serves as a criterion for identifying chronospecies of the genus Arvicola in the fossil record, and has recently been proposed for the diagnosis of modern Eurasian and Persian water voles. The SDQ indices in 55 individuals of water vole sampled in Shamakhi, Saatli, Imishli, Goygol (= Khanlar), Ordubad, and Adjikabul districts of Azerbaijan allow us to conclude that water voles have a plesiomorphic type of enamel differentiation, i.e., the enamel on the leading cutting walls of the cheek teeth is thinner than on the trailing walls, and the SDQ index values generally exceed 100. On the first lower and second upper teeth, the absolute values of the enamel differentiation indices vary from 100 to 178. No specimen was found with an apomorphic variant of enamel differentiation (the leading cutting walls of the cheek teeth are thickened compared to the trailing ones). Unlike the dimensional features of the teeth, the index values do not demonstrate directional changes in postnatal ontogenesis and exceed 100 in all age classes distinguished by the degree of skull maturity. The results obtained confirm both the difference in dental characteristics of water voles living in Azerbaijan from the Eurasian A. amphibius and its close relation to the Persian water vole A. persicus, considered currently as an independent species or group of species. Revision of the data on differential chromosome staining and analysis of molecular markers, both mitochondrial and nuclear, are necessary to reach a conclusion on the taxonomic status of water voles of Azerbaijan and other regions of Western Asia, inhabited by the representatives of the genus Arvicola with a plesiomorphic type of differentiation of the dental enamel. Until a final decision is made on the taxonomic status, composition, and distribution boundaries of the Persian water vole, it is proposed to consider the Azerbaijani water vole, which has a plesiomorphic type of differentiation of the enamel of the cheek teeth, as Arvicola cf. persicus.

<bold>İntroduction:</bold> In our country, the number of thoracic surgeries is steadily increasing with the use of advanced technologies. Although many surgeons hesitate to perform surgery on patients with a history of tuberculosis, the presence of a tuberculosis process in the lungs or a past history of tuberculosis is not considered an absolute contraindication to surgical intervention. <bold>Materials and Methods:</bold> Between 2020 and 2024,a total of 326 multidisciplinary thoracic surgeries were performed in our hospital. Among the operated patients, those with a history of tuberculosis accounted for 32%. Radiological examinations revealed both major and minor residual tuberculosis lesions in their lungs. <bold>Results:</bold> The pathological specimens removed during surgery were sent for both pathomorphological and bacteriological examinations. In patients who had previously recovered from tuberculosis (32%) and consulted a thoracic surgeon due to comorbidities, if bacteriological examination revealed mycobacteria with a resistance profile, an appropriate retreatment regimen was initiated. Additionally, thoracic surgeries were performed on patients with active tuberculosis who were undergoing chemotherapy. Before surgery, patients were placed on a chemotherapy regimen tailored to their drug susceptibility profile. Postoperatively, patients continued their treatment regimen, which helped prevent future relapses. <bold>Summary:</bold> The role of surgery is undeniable in both tuberculosis-related and non-tuberculosis pathologies. The surgical removal of thick-walled destructive cavities in tuberculosis patients accelerates the remission process.

An efficient method was developed for the synthesis of fused nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, such as 1,3,4-oxadiazole-substituted pyrazolines based on 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoline acylhydrazide. N′-Acetyl- and N′-chloroacetyl derivatives were obtained by acylation of previously synthesized 2-[3-methyl-5-(morpholinomethyl)pyrazoline]acetohydrazide with acetic and monochloroacetic acids chlorides. Intramolecular cyclization of the synthesized pyrazoline derivatives under the action of phosphorus chloride furnished 1,3,4-oxadiazole-substituted pyrazolines.

The effect of nanofiller additives containing nickel oxide nanoparticles stabilized by a polymer matrix of high-pressure polyethylene, on the structural features and properties of metal-containing nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene and nitrile butadiene rubber was studied using X-ray phase analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that small amounts of nanofiller (1.0 wt %) introduced into the polymer obviously play the role of structure formers, which contributes to the emergence of a fine-spherolitic layered structure in the polymer, characterized by an improved set of properties of the nanocomposite.

The main purpose of the article is to consider the traditional data structure of a geographic information system and highlight the interconnected cartographic and attribute components in it. It consists of analyzing the results obtained as a result of color digital aerial photography of an area of 2,350 km2 in the cities of Baku and Sumgait.

Background. Evaluation of hereditary diseases is a difficult task due to the large number of nosologic forms, rare occurrence of each disease, which can lead to a long diagnostic search for the patient. Different methods of molecular genetics, including full-exome sequencing, are actively introducing into the complex of examination of newborns with general pathology and lead to better diagnosis and prognosis for children and their families.The aim of the study. To estimate the frequency of occurrence of genetic disorders in newborns with somatic and surgical pathology during selective screening using whole exome sequencing.Materials and methods. Within the framework of the regional pilot project on selective exome screening of newborn children, which is carried out on the basis of the National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, we estimated the results of genetic evaluation of 80 newborns who were treated in the neonatal departments of the Ivano-Matreninskaya City Children’s Clinical Hospital from February to October 2024.Results. Eighty children were examined. Genetic findings of varying significance were detected in 31.2 % of the examined children. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic gene variants were detected in 16.2 % of cases, and chromosomal aberrations in 2.5 % of patients. Genetic findings of varying significance were found in 52 % of those examined for nervous system damage and in 18 % of patients with congenital malformations. By the time of description, the genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 16.2 % of patients with genetic findings. The diagnosis was based on the complete correspondence of the child’s existing phenotype with the identified gene variant.Conclusions. The results of this study indicate a possible high incidence of exome abnormalities in neonatal pathology, as well as the high efficiency of whole exome sequencing in their diagnosis.