Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Objective.This study aimed to investigate long-term trends in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors among adolescents in Kazakhstan and highlight a successful preventive intervention, specifically the establishment of a health school.Materials and Methods.The authors analyzed publications from the past 10 years to monitor behavioral risk factors, existing trends among adolescents in Kazakhstan and abroad, and recommendations and guidelines from global health authorities.Results.Alongside a decline in tobacco and alcohol consumption, there has been an observed increase in obesity, vaping, depression, use of digital devices, and engagement with TikTok. A model is proposed based on implementing a Preventive Program by establishing a Health School, guided by international best practices and recommendations.Conclusion.In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in public health behavior in Kazakhstan. While tobacco use and alcohol abuse have declined, new challenges are emerging, such as increasing rates of obesity among adolescents and excessive engagement with online games, gadgets, and social media. Simultaneously, physical activity levels have significantly decreased. To promote healthy lifestyle habits, a Health School was established at the Republican Sanatorium “Alatau” under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Авторами поднимается вопрос о решении относительной давности документа путем исследования пересекающихся штрихов реквизитов. Показана актуальность вышеуказанной темы, которая возрастает по мере изменения свойств пишущих приборов и химического состава красящих веществ в штрихах. Отмечено, что отсутствие в научных кругах диспута или дискуссии по этой теме отрицательно сказывается не только на развитие теоретических положений, но и не позволяет экспертам на практике решать по существу вопросы хронологической последовательности выполнения реквизитов документов, поступающих на экспертизу или исследование. Обозначены методы и способы, разработанные ранее и апробированные на многолетней криминалистической практике. Рекомендована пошаговая инструкция работы эксперта: осмотр документа с обозначением наличия пересекающихся штрихов, проведение тонкослойной хроматографии для установления химического состава материалов, изучение свойств штрихов с помощью микроскопа, применение спектрального микроскопа с целью исследования в невидимых зонах спектра, подготовка и проведение копирования штрихов на адсорбент, увлажненный водой или растворителями. Обращено внимание на такой важный аспект при проведении экспериментального этапа копирования, как правильный подбор адсорбента, увлажнителей (вода, растворители) и времени контакта. Представленная работа написана на основе информационного письма, одобренного насовместном заседании Ученого и Научно-методического совета НИИСЭ МЮ РК.

The increasing HIV incidence rates and suboptimal rates of testing, engagement, and retention in care for people who inject drugs (PWID) in Kazakhstan underscore the need for effective HIV care continuum interventions for PWID. To determine the effectiveness of the Bridge HIV care continuum intervention implemented in needle and syringe programs (NSPs) in Kazakhstan. This stepped-wedge cluster trial was conducted from February 2017 to May 2020, with implementation beginning sequentially across 3 cities (Almaty, Karaganda-Temirtau, and Shymkent) in August 2017, January 2018, and May 2019. Intervention effect sizes were estimated via population-averaged models, and hypothesis testing relied on a permutation testing approach. The primary unit of analysis was an NSP. Data analysis was performed from October 2020 to April 2022. The intervention addresses the full HIV care continuum: identification, testing, referral to services, and linkage to HIV care. The 3 intervention components were (1) a social network strategy, a peer-driven recruitment approach for HIV testing; (2) HIV counseling, rapid testing, and referral following international and national guidelines and protocols; and (3) enhanced antiretroviral treatment and access to services. The primary outcomes were the effectiveness of implementing Bridge's enhanced service integration approach in increasing the number of PWID served at NSPs, increasing the number of PWID who are tested for HIV in NSPs, and improving linking HIV-positive PWID with HIV care. Secondary outcomes included numbers of clients registered for HIV care, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, and viral suppression. Twenty-four NSPs (8 in each city) served a total of 1225 PWID (369 in Almaty, 618 in Karaganda-Temirtau, and 238 in Shymkent) at the preimplementation study step; 1015 clients (82.9%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 36.7 (7.1) years. Compared with preimplementation study steps, during Bridge intervention implementation steps, NSPs experienced a significant increase in the number of PWID clients registered (incidence rate ratio, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.48-3.78) and the number of PWID who received rapid HIV tests (incidence rate ratio, 3.98; 95% CI, 2.30-6.90). No significant increase in referral to HIV care was observed. The study also found significant support for secondary outcomes of antiretroviral therapy initiation and the number of clients who achieved viral suppression. In this stepped-wedge cluster trial, the findings suggest that implementation of the Bridge intervention was associated with significant improvement in several steps in the continuum of HIV care for PWID in Kazakhstan. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02796027.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need for qualitative consideration and analysis of the basic architectural principles taken as a basis for the development of a hardware and software complex designed to conduct work on remote radiosounding of the ionosphere. The purpose of this study is to analyse the basic principles of building the architecture of a hardware and software complex for ground-based ionosphere radiosounding, to create a high-quality scientific base for further research of various processes occurring in ionospheric plasma, changes in its structure and state. The basis of the methodological approach in this study is a combination of methods of system analysis of the basic principles of building the architecture of a hardware and software complex of ground-based ionosphere radiosounding with an analytical investigation of the features of the radiosounding procedure, to obtain the most objective and reliable information about the real state of this atmospheric layer of the Earth and the processes occurring in it. The results obtained emphasise the importance of practical issues of creating a high-quality architecture of a hardware and software complex for ground-based radiosounding of the atmosphere and indicate the presence of a systemic relationship between the quality of the hardware and software complex, the presence of disturbances in the ionosphere, and the nature of these disturbances. The results obtained have significant practical significance for developers of modern radiosounding systems of atmospheric layers, and for operators of systems of this kind, whose direct duties include monitoring the state of these systems and maintaining an adequate level of their operability to conduct scientific experiments

The object of the study is the legitimate interest of the victim and its reflection in the right of the victim to know about the suspicions and charges brought against him in a criminal case. The victim is interested in being informed in a timely manner about procedural decisions that determine the scope of suspicion and accusation, so that they are confirmed. This need of the victim is not sufficiently reflected in the criminal procedure law: they are not informed about the suspicions and charges formulated by the body conducting the criminal procedure. In fact, the victim receives relatively complete information about the charges against them only at the stage of completion of pre-trial proceedings, namely familiarization with the case materials. In this regard, the paper proposes to introduce into the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Kazakhstan the norms fixing the notification of the victim about the date, time and place of the announcement to the suspect of the decision on the qualification of the act, handing him a copy of this decision, a copy of the report on the criminal offense after its approval by the prosecutor. Insufficient awareness of the victim about the quality of the investigation at the stages following the bringing of the accused to trial by the prosecutor creates conditions for setting charges that do not meet the interests of the victim and leads to judicial errors. A change or waiver of charges in court is accepted by the public prosecutor without taking into account the position of the victim. These problems are proposed to be solved by postponing the consideration of the case and issuing by the court an order to the pretrial proceedings to eliminate the gaps in the investigation, and if it is not fulfilled, to make a decision based on the available evidence.

The development of modern society is characterized by informatization as a global social process, one of the features of which is the integration of informatics and information technologies with the subject areas of modern education. This actualizes the problem of creating methodological systems involving the construction of a unified procedural model that allows solving educational problems in a comprehensive manner. The integration of informatics with other academic subjects not only contributes to improving the quality of the educational process and the productivity of teachers and students, but also solves the most important task of education - the formation of the information culture of students on the basis of interdisciplinary connections. In particular, the widespread combination of “computer science and English” as a humanitarian specialty and a subject related to the field of natural science education is justified by powerful integration ties. Indeed, language acts as a means of storing and transferring information from generation to generation, which, in turn, is the basic concept of computer science. Information, media, code, network communication - this is not a complete list of concepts that connect the content aspects of language and computer science. Recently, in teaching English, information and multimedia technologies, computer networks and the Internet have been used. However, the effectiveness of their use is not always significant due to many objective and subjective reasons. In turn, mastering information technologies in a computer science course without a pronounced subject orientation occurs with low motivation. In this regard, it is of interest to build an integrated course "computer science + English", which allows to improve the quality of teaching these subjects in modern conditions.

Abstract Blockchain technology has a great potential for improving public administration – its transparency and efficiency. It is also discussed as an instrument for reducing corruption and transaction costs. This paper discusses the potential use of block-chain technology in public administration. It is based on a case-study approach focusing on real estate registration in Kazakhstan. Particular attention is paid to identifying factors hindering the development of the blockchain technology. The paper indicates that the main barriers to further use of blockchain technology in Kazakhstan are insufficient legislation and also the complexity of the technical implementation of blockchain projects and integration with existing systems.

Abstract Healthcare reform in Kazakhstan has created a basis for shift from disease centered approach to person and prevention centered healthcare. In order to embrace that agenda, Kazakh National Medical University has developed and implemented project-based course in General practitioners (GP) training program at the internship level. The objective of the program is to acquire skills on work in multidisciplinary teams for health promotion and research. We used project-based learning pedagogical framework for the course. 6 ECTS course was integrated into curriculum of internship in the track of GP training, at the 7th year, for 1 semester. During the course participants were introduced to the theoretical concepts of health promotion and disease prevention program planning, created and implemented their own project. At the end of the course students were required to do a poster presentation. Main outcomes of educational program were that students will (1) gain understanding of health promotion and disease prevention concepts, (2) would be able to implement research skills, (3) and work in integrated multidisciplinary team. To measure results, we disseminated self-administered online based questionnaire for students after the last class (n = 122). Questionnaire consisted of 4 domains: self-development and team work, teaching, context and clinical practice. There were 17 domains that students assessed with 5-point Likert scale, where 1- strongly disagree, 2- disagree, 3- agree to some extent, 4 - agree, 5 - strongly agree. Questionnaire also included 1 open - ended question for overall comments on the course and demographic questions. The response rate was 68,8% (n = 84), overall satisfaction rate was 77.6% (3.88 out of 5), rate on team work and practical work was 86% (4.3) and 83.6% (4.18). Comments of students showed that there is still not enough understanding on integrated person-centered primary healthcare approach and lack of integrated team work at clinical sites. Key messages Education of future general practitioners should include training on teamwork in integrated teams and health promotion. Project based learning helps training multi-disciplinary team work skills not only within students but also in teams at involved sites.

This paper deals with the cultural integration trends in Kazakhstan and the role of nomadic culture in the current development of the country. In the environment of globalization and related to it integration process Kazakh culture as a part of the world culture is currently considered to be the distinctness of the country with its policy, socio-economic system, moral, creative and artistic heritage and potential. The paper illustrates empirical data of an opinion poll held by the authors in different regions of Kazakhstan and abroad among the locals and culture experts. The results of the research afford conclusion that the time has come to use cultural potential of Kazakhstan as a factor of modernization of the country not only in its political and economic strengthening, but also in preservation of cultural sovereignty and spiritual growth of the people as the basis for formation of cultural identity and national unity.

ObjectiveFor patients with mild hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, this study compared estimates of total costs associated with managing cases under a policy of mandatory hospitalization in the Republic of Kazakhstan and estimates of total costs associated with managing cases in outpatient settings. Costs were estimated both from the perspective of the Ministry of Health and from a broader societal perspective.MethodsData were collected by using a standardized structured questionnaire. For cases of mild HAV infection, medical records were obtained from 200 patients managed by hospitalization and from 251 patients managed in an outpatient setting. Personal interviews were also conducted to collect information on productivity losses and out-of-pocket expenses.ResultsNationally, we estimated about 21,600 cases of mild HAV infection annually. The mean annual treatment costs in hospital for mild HAV infection was estimated at US$3.39 million (2001 US$) (95% confidence interval [CI] = [US$3.26 million – US$3.52 million]). The total annual mild HAV infection cost to the society, including direct medical and nonmedical costs and productivity losses due to 721,440 lost work days, was estimated at US$6.26 million (95% CI [US$6.05 million – US$6.47 million]). In sensitivity analyses, the total annual cost of mild HAV infection ranged from US$4.37 million to US$24.66 million. The survey results showed that a relatively minor change in the current policy of mandatory hospitalization could result in an estimated total annual savings of US$4.62 million (2001 US$) in Kazakhstan.ConclusionAdoption of an outpatient management policy for cases of mild HAV infection would generate substantial cost savings to the Ministry of Health and society.