Mitate Hospital

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la calidad del cuidado de Enfermería y el desarrollo psicomotor de los niños menores de cinco años del Centro de Salud Virgen del Carmen – La Era. Material y métodos: Diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo-correlacional y de corte transversal. El tipo de muestreo fue probabilístico, la muestra estuvo conformada por 281 niños con sus respectivas madres. Se utilizó tres instrumentos: Escala de Calidad del Cuidado de Enfermería adaptada, Guía de Evaluación de 0 a 30 meses-Test Peruano; Guía de Evaluación de 3 y 4 años-Pauta Breve. Resultados: Se encontró que el 89.7% de las madres refirieron que la calidad del cuidado de Enfermería es alta, 10% media. Y en la evaluación de desarrollo psicomotor de los niños de 0 a 30 meses, el 97.6% presentaron desarrollo psicomotor normal, y solo un 2.4%,riesgo de trastorno del desarrollo. De los niños de 3 y 4 años, el 85.2 % presentan desarrollo psicomotor normal.Conclusiones: Se concluye que existe asociación significativa entre calidad del cuidado de Enfermería y laevaluación del desarrollo psicomotor (p = ,000).

The following articles have been retracted by the Editorial Board of Experimental Animals, because some parts of their contents were published elsewhere.

Im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts propagierten im englisch- und deutschsprachigen Raum autoritative wie Laien-VertreterInnen der religiösen Bewegung Mazdaznan ein System von Verhaltens- und Umgangsregelungen für die Zeugung von Kindern bzw. für Schwangere und den Umgang mit ihnen, um eine Höherentwicklung der Menschheit und damit ihre Erlösung zu erreichen. Wie sollte diese »vorgeburtliche Erziehung« im Einzelnen aussehen und welche Eigenschaften wurden durch sie angestrebt? In welchem funktionellen Zusammenhang steht die »vorgeburtliche Erziehung« mit weiteren Aspekten des Lehrsystems und welche Rückschlüsse lassen sich auf ihren Stellenwert in Lehre und Praxis Mazdaz­nans ziehen? Diese Fragen werden auf der Grundlage einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Quellentexten aus den 1910er Jahren beantwortet. In dem Artikel wird darüber hinaus diskutiert, inwiefern sich über die Analyse religiös konnotierter eugenischer Vorstellungen und Maßnahmen Rückschlüsse auf Normalitätskonstruktionen in Bezug auf die körperliche und geistige Konstitution des Menschen innerhalb religiöser Felder ziehen lassen.

The incidence of fractures, particularly hip fractures, is known to be high in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this review was to clarify the efficacy of interventions against hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The literature was searched using PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding Alzheimer’s disease and hip fractures. Four RCTs were identified, and the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the individual RCTs. Sunlight exposure increased the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, promoted muscle strength, and prevented falls. Menatetrenone (vitamin K2) with vitamin D supplementation decreased the serum level of undercarboxylated osteocalcin. Risedronate with vitamin D supplementation decreased the urinary level of deoxypyridinoline. Sunlight exposure, menatetrenone, and risedronate reduced the incidence of hip fractures, with RR (95% CI) of 0.22 (0.049, 0.999), 0.13 (0.031, 0.554), and 0.28 (0.105, 0.732), respectively. Combined treatment with risedronate and menatetrenone was more effective in preventing hip fractures than single treatment with risedronate, with RR (95% CI) of 0.19 (0.044, 0.858). However, the quality of RCTs was the highest in two risedronate studies which adopted a placebo control group. The present review of the literature implies that sunlight exposure, menatetrenone, and risedronate act on the musculoskeletal system in different manners for preventing hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. However, risedronate plus vitamin D supplementation or risedronate plus menatetrenone can be candidates in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Renal insufficiency induces cortical bone loss in rats. The present study examined the influence of vitamin K(2) on renal function, cortical bone mass, and bone strength in rats with renal insufficiency. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (8weeks old) were randomized by the stratified weight method to the following three groups of 10 animals each: sham operation (control), 5/6 nephrectomy, and 5/6 nephrectomy+oral vitamin K(2) (menaquinone-4, menatetrenone, 30mg/kg, 5days/week). Treatment was initiated 10days after surgery. After 6weeks of treatment, samples of serum, urine, and bone (femur and tibia) were obtained. Renal function was evaluated, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed on the tibial diaphysis, and the bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical strength of the femoral diaphysis were determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and a three-point bending test, respectively. Nephrectomy induced renal dysfunction, as indicated by increased levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen along with a decrease of creatinine clearance; and it also decreased BMD without significantly affecting bone strength at the femoral diaphysis. Vitamin K(2) improved renal function parameters but did not significantly influence BMD at the femoral diaphysis. However, vitamin K(2) decreased the bone marrow area of the tibial diaphysis and increased the stiffness of the femoral diaphysis. These findings suggest that administration of vitamin K(2) improves renal function and increases cortical bone strength without altering BMD in rats with renal insufficiency.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the nutritional status from the aspect of bone metabolism in Japanese elite male athletes with increased bone resorption. Urinary levels of a bone resorption marker, cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX), were measured in 71 professional baseball players (age, 18-39years); the mean urinary NTX level was 65.6 (range, 17.5-269.0)nM BCE/mM Cr. Of 71 athletes, 9 with high levels of urinary NTX (greater than mean+1SD) were examined by measuring serum biochemical markers and nutritional assessment (simple food frequency questionnaire). Serum biochemical marker analysis showed that 7 of these 9 athletes had vitamin D insufficiency, as indicated by low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and that all 9 athletes showed vitamin K insufficiency as indicated by low levels of vitamins K(1) and K(2). Nutritional assessment revealed high intakes of protein and low intakes of calcium and vitamin D based on adequate intake (AI). However, daily vitamin K intake achieved the AI. These results suggest that there exist elite male athletes who show increased bone resorption and calcium and vitamin D insufficiency. However, there was a discrepancy between vitamin K intake and serum levels of vitamins K(1) and K(2). The present study raised an issue regarding the nutritional status from the point of view of bone metabolism in elite male athletes such as professional baseball players.

The purpose of the present preclinical study was to determine whether vitamin K(2) would promote bone healing in a rat femoral osteotomy model with or without glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Thirty-eight 6 week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a unilateral osteotomy of the femoral diaphysis followed by intramedullary wire fixation and then were randomized into four groups that received the following treatment schedules: vehicle, vitamin K(2), GC + vehicle, and GC + vitamin K(2). GC (prednisolone, 2.5 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously twice a week. Vitamin K(2) (menatetrenone, 30 mg/kg) was administered orally five times a week. After 8 weeks of treatment, the wires were removed and a bone histomorphometric analysis was performed on the bone tissue inside the callus. Vitamin K(2) administration to GC-untreated rats decreased the osteoclast surface/bone surface (OcS/BS), osteoblast surface (ObS)/BS, eroded surface (ES)/BS, and bone formation rate (BFR)/BS and increased the lamellar area/bone area. Although GC treatment increased the ES/BS and decreased the ObS/BS, BFR/BS, and lamellar area/bone area, vitamin K(2) administration to GC-treated rats decreased the OcS/BS and prevented an increase in the ES/BS and a decrease in the lamellar area/bone area. These results suggested that vitamin K(2) downregulated bone turnover and stimulated lamellar bone formation in GC-untreated rats and prevented an increase in bone resorption while maintaining bone formation and prevented a decrease in lamellar bone formation in GC-treated rats. Thus, vitamin K(2) appears to be effective for promoting bone healing in a rat femoral osteotomy model with or without GC treatment.

To clarify the efficacy of conservative and surgical treatment of spondylolysis in athletes. PubMed was used to perform a search of the literature for studies published during the period from 1990 to 2009 that reported data on the outcome of conservative or surgical treatment of spondylolysis in athletes. The articles were examined for data on the percentage of athletes who returned to sports activities and the interval between the start of treatment and their return. Five studies were identified. Two studies were concerned with conservative treatment and the other three with surgical treatment (wire fixation or screw fixation with bone graft). The percentages of athletes who returned to sports activities ranged from 80.0% to 89.3% and from 81.9% to 100%, respectively, and the intervals until their return ranged from 5.4 to 5.5 mo and from 7 to 12 mo, respectively. The percentages of athletes who returned to sports activities after conservative and surgical treatment appeared to be satisfactory, but the interval until their return to sports activities was longer after surgery than after conservative treatment.