Mogilev State A.Kuleshov University

The review presents data from various researchers, including the authors of this article, regarding the role of lipid metabolism disorders, as well as the causes that caused them in the formation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Information is provided on the contribution of intense lipolysis in fat depots to the development of the immune response, as well as the formation of acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury. The contribution of intense lipolysis to the process of changing the composition of fatty acids in blood plasma is characterized. The importance of intensifying the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid in the blood in the development of circulatory disorders and the occurrence of systemic inflammation is shown. Changes in lipid metabolism of erythrocyte membranes and its effect on hemodynamics are described. The relevance between disorders of lipid metabolism, dysfunction of cell membranes and their consequences, including the development of necrotic processes in tissues, has been characterized. Particular attention is paid to the importance of reducing the content of total cholesterol, as well as high-, low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the formation of MODS, in particular, the proposed ways of influencing cholesterol deficiency on the progression of organ dysfunction are described. Data are provided on changes in the content of modified lipoproteins, as well as phospholipids and triglycerides in the blood plasma during MODS. The presence and probable role of plasma plasmalogen deficiency in organ disorders in MODS is noted. The problem of functional and metabolic role of peroxisome and mitochondria dysfunction in the pathogenesis of MODS is considered. The rationale for the importance of monitoring lipid metabolism parameters when assessing the severity of the condition of patients with MODS is provided.

The article presents the results of a scientific study of the trajectories of creating and eliminating jobs in the Belarusian economy. Industry leaders and “outsiders” in terms of reallocation of jobs have been identified. The reasons that determine the general directions of the movement of jobs in the national economy of Belarus are revealed. It has been proven that the efficiency of creating and eliminating jobs in the Belarusian economy is affected by an increase in labor costs. The objectivity of this is confirmed by the operation of the law of demand and supply of labor (the higher the wage, the greater the supply of labor), on the one hand. On the other hand, if the employer has a resource (wage fund) for the maintenance of employees, he still has the opportunity to use labor-intensive technologies and preserve the social component in personnel management. It is substantiated that a feature of the national economy of Belarus is the fact that there is a social effect from the movement of jobs.Such an effect is created by the Belarusian system of wage formation, which is more subject to social principles than market ones. It should be assumed that with a reduction in the number of employees, the costs (wage fund) for personnel are maintained with a simultaneous increase in wages.

By analyzing the wave equations, the coincidence of the energy reflection and transmission coefficients for the s- and p-polarization waves is herein substantiated when they are incident on the interference coating from opposite directions. The coating can be characterized by an arbitrary spatial profile of the refractive index, the limiting condition is the absence of optical losses in it. Reciprocity relations are obtained for the energy reflection and transmission coefficients of natural light for a structure in the form of a plane-parallel dielectric plate with interference coatings on its opposite sides. It is shown that when a structure with an absorbing plate is illuminated in opposite directions, the energy reflection coefficients can differ, while the energy transmission coefficients always coincide. Reciprocity relations are applied to the calculation of broadband antireflective interference coatings consisting of alternate layers Nb2O5 and SiO2 deposited on a polycarbonate plate. As a result, their correctness is confirmed and it is shown that the optimized antireflection two-sided interference coating provides approximately a five times lower averaged energy reflection coefficient compared to the optimized one-sided coating.

The article presents the historical views of famous researchers of Vitebsk region of the second half of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century A. P. Sapunov and V. К. Stukalich, who tried to comprehend the history of the Belarusian people. The materials of this article allow enlarging the available information about their scientific and publicist activity. The author concludes that A. P. Sapunov's and V. K. Stukovich's viewpoints on the process of formation of the Belarusian history evolved from zapadnorusizm to the ideas characteristic to the Belarusian national revival.

We formulate in a nonsimplified form a method for calculating modes of microstructured optical fibers based on the representation of the longitudinal components of field modes at the interfaces of media in the cross section of a fiber by Fourier polynomials in angular coordinates. The Fourier harmonic amplitudes are determined from the homogeneous algebraic system. Its matrix elements are determined based on the Green’s theorem and are represented by the integrals of regular functions. The applicability of the method is limited by the only requirements that the contours of inclusions and of the external boundary of a fiber must be described by single-valued functions of angular coordinates. In the particular case of a circular dielectric waveguide, the method gives an exact analytic solution of the waveguide problem. We have obtained the estimates of the intrinsic convergence of the method relative to the order of Fourier polynomials in the calculation of modes of a dielectric elliptical waveguide and microstructured fibers with elliptical inclusions. It is found that damping factors of the modes are determined to a considerable extent by the internal microstructure and the outer boundary of the fiber.

The decisions of the congresses of the military and naval clergy, held at the beginning of the 20th century, remain little studied to this day. Turning to this topic, researchers most often focus on the decisions of congresses of all-Russian significance which is the 1st All-Russian congress of the military and naval clergy (July 1914, Petrograd), less often on the decisions of the 2nd All-Russian congress of the military and naval clergy (July 1917, Mogilev). However, front-line congresses also played an important role in the history of the institute of military priests: they took place in the Southwestern (5–7 May 1917), Western (24–28 May 1917), Romanian (25 June 1917) and Northern (26–28 June 1917) fronts. This article discusses the work of the first of them which is the Сongress of the Orthodox military clergy of the Southwestern front in Proskurov in May 1917. The author of the article analyses the main decisions of this congress. The attitude of the military clergy of the front to the war, participation in the political parties, organisation of cultural and educational activities are shown. The proposals of the delegates on the reorganisation of the administration of the department and the introduction of an elective principle are analysed. It is shown whether the opinion of the participants of the congress in Proskurov coincided with the decisions of the 2nd All-Russian congress of the military and naval clergy in Mogilev. The article was prepared on the basis of archival documents and materials of the periodical press. In particular, documents from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive (Saint Petersburg) such as protocols of the sessions of the Сongress of the Orthodox military clergy of the Southwestern front, the resolutions of the protopresbyter on the decisions of the congress, the protocols of the sessions of the 2nd All-Russian congress of the military and naval clergy were used.

We study the dynamics of polydisperse dust particles in a rf post-discharge plasma. The levitation of charged particles after the discharge switching-off is found, and the velocities of their fall are measured. A model of the dynamics of particles in the afterglow plasma is proposed to estimate their size and residual charge.

The work is aimed at finding the relationship between dispositional aggression and antiso-cial personality traits of convicted murderers. The study involved criminals who were con-victed of: 1) intentional unlawful taking of another person’s life, i.e. murder (“direct” mur-derers) and 2) illegal trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their precursors and analogues (“indirect” murderers). The average age was 39.3±10.8. 33.6% of them were first-time convicted criminals, and 66.4% had previous experience of imprisonment. The study used the “Dark Dozen” questionnaire aimed at measuring subclinical personality traits, two scales of PDT (Psychodiagnostic Test) and the aggressiveness questionnaire by A. Buss and M. Perry. As a result of the study, differences in the antisocial and aggressive personality traits of “direct” and “indirect” murderers were described, as well as the rela-tionship and mutual influence of the antisocial and aggressive personality traits of the crim-inals from these groups.

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The article touches upon the issues of the influence of worldview factors on the process of formation of law, and above all on the content of the fundamental law of the state. The characteristic of the specifics of the reflection of the axiological component in the constitutions of the states of the post-Soviet space is given. In this regard, the analysis of the latest changes in the constitutional text in the studied countries for the presence of ideological theses in them is carried out. The disclosure of the discussed topic is carried out through the prism of characterizing the problematic aspects of the concept of human rights, including the problem of its universality. Among other things, the article assesses the prospects for changing the Basic Law of the Republic of Belarus in the context of the reflection of national values in its text.