Moscow Polytechnic University

The phenomenon of cross-excitation—interaction between neurons of a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in intact organism, presents a great challenge since its discovery. It can not be attributed to classical neuron–neuron interactions, as the mentioned neurons are believed to be physiologically isolated by glial sheaths from one another. In this work we test existing hypotheses which explain the phenomenon from both biophysical and statistical perspectives. Our conclusion is that neither each proposed mechanism alone, nor interactions of them can adequately describe cross-excitation in normal conditions. We wish to draw greater attention towards the phenomenon, as it seems to be an important part of normal sensory information processing.

Abstract We revise the notion of the blobbed topological recursion by extending it to the setting of generalized topological recursion as well as allowing blobs which do not necessarily admit topological expansion. We show that the so-called non-perturbative differentials form a special case of this revisited version of blobbed topological recursion. Furthermore, we prove the KP integrability of the differentials of blobbed topological recursion for the input data that include KP-integrable blobs. This result generalizes, unifies, and gives a new proof of the KP integrability of nonperturbative differentials conjectured by Borot–Eynard and recently proved by the authors.

ABSTRACT Analysis of 60 northern pike ( Esox lucius ) populations, assembled from published studies spanning the species' range and restricted to non‐flowing (lentic) systems, and analyzed using the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), revealed substantial heterogeneity in growth parameters. Growth coefficients ( k ) ranged from 0.01 to 0.72 year −1 , asymptotic lengths () from 53 to 976 cm, and maximum observed lengths () from 35.1 to 113.2 cm. Biologically defensible thresholds were identified at k ≥ 0.25 year −1 and ≤ 113.2 cm, lose biological interpretability under realistic demographic constraints. Within this framework, the VBGF served two complementary roles: as a predictive model of linear growth trajectories and as a diagnostic representation of growth‐trajectory shape. The ratio emerged as an informative descriptor, capturing ontogenetic growth patterns along a continuum from near‐linear ( ≈0.07) to fully asymptotic ( ≈1.00) growth. This metric links empirical size‐at‐age observations with the degree to which asymptotic growth is expressed within finite lifespans. Integrating VBGF parameters ( k , ) with empirical descriptors (, lifespan) and cumulative thermal exposure (growing degree‐days) revealed two coherent growth regimes in northern pike along latitudinal thermal gradients: fast‐growing populations reaching moderate asymptotic sizes rapidly, and slow‐growing populations characterized by low growth coefficients and very large theoretical despite similar observed maximum lengths. Taken together, the ratio, combined with biologically grounded thresholds for k and , provides a parsimonious screening tool for identifying non‐asymptotic growth trajectories and a temperature‐ and time‐explicit framework for evaluating the expression of asymptotic growth across climatic gradients.

The article develops the concept of “University of Service” as a philosophical foundation for a practical model of Russian higher education. Based on the methodology of communicative constructivism, a conceptual language for self-description of Russian universities is proposed, rooted in the national tradition and open to dialogue with contemporary models of higher education. Service is revealed as an ontological foundation, institutional identity, and organizational principle of the university, directed toward higher values – truth, society, culture, and the future. It is shown that the concept of the university of service does not oppose existing models (research university, entrepreneurial university, world-class university) but offers their creative reinterpretation through the lens of service. Special attention is paid to the ability of the university of service to bridge the gap between professional and civic identities, forming a holistic personality for whom competence is inseparable from responsibility. It is argued that the university of service represents a distinctive response of Russian culture to universal contemporary challenges and can contribute to the development of a multipolar world of education. Obstacles to implementing the concept are analyzed, and directions for further research are outlined.

The results of experimental studies of one-sided friction stir welding of 10-mm-thick plates made of aluminum alloys 6082T6 (pressed profile) and 1565chM (the sheet positioned upstream of the working tool) are presented. Welded butt joints without internal defects are obtained. The tensile strength of the joints averages 210.9 MPa, which is 0.69 of the strength obtained for alloy 6082T6. The fracture of welds during the tensile test develops in the heat-affected zone on the side of alloy 6082T6. The tensile strength of the metal of the mixing zone is higher than that of alloy 6082T6. It is almost the same as for alloy 1565chM. The microstructure of the mixing zone consists of areas featuring a chemical composition corresponding to the chemical composition of the alloys to be welded or to the areas having partial mixing of alloys to be joined. At the same time, the metal of the mixing zone is resistant to intercrystalline corrosion. The heat-affected zone on the side of the 6082T6 alloy is the most susceptible to intercrystalline corrosion.

Accurate and fast segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images with volumetric brain formations, such as glioblastomas and meningiomas, helps plan surgical and radiation treatment, increase the safety and radicality of surgical intervention, which in turn allows to increase the overall life expectancy of patients and the disease-free period. It is required for the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of a deep convolutional neural network with transmission connections for automatic segmentation of volumetric brain formations (meningiomas and glioblastomas) on postoperative MR images, as well as analysis of its accuracy in comparison with manual expert segmentation and existing methods. Material and methods . The paper considers the creation of an architecture inspired by the SegResNet model, training on BraTS2024-GLI and BraTS2024-MEN-RT, describes a method for compiling a training sample that reduces class imbalance, and analyzes the results in comparison with participants in the BraTS 2024 competition. Results and discussion . The developed model was trained and tested on two datasets of postoperative images of glioblastoma and meningioma. Several metrics are analyzed to compare the model with the methods described in the literature, as well as to evaluate it in the context of the variability of manual segmentation by different experts. The model achieves a Sorensen coefficient 0.8299 for meningioma segmentation and 0.7028 for glioblastoma contrast-accumulating region segmentation. In addition, the segmentation of the model provides an accurate estimate of the volume of the tumor area, as evidenced by the high values of the coefficient of intra-class correlation – 0.9661 for meningioma and 0.8339 for glioblastoma. Overall, the developed model requires fewer resources for learning and getting results. Conclusions. Model performs segmentation at least at the expert level, but with significantly less variability, especially when assessing the volume of the tumor after surgical treatment.

Improving city crossroads safety is a critical problem for modern smart transportation systems (STS). This article presents the results of developing, upgrading, and comprehensively experimentally testing an acoustic monitoring system prototype designed for rapid accident detection. Unlike conventional camera- or lidar-based approaches, the proposed solution uses passive sound source localization to operate effectively with no direct visibility and in adverse weather conditions, addressing a key limitation of camera- or lidar-based systems. Generalized Cross-Correlation with Phase Transform (GCC-PHAT) algorithms were used to develop a hardware–software complex featuring four microphones, a multichannel audio interface, and a computation module. This study focuses on the gradual upgrading of the algorithm to reduce the mean localization error in real-life urban conditions. Laboratory and complex field tests were conducted on an open-air testing ground of a university campus. During these tests, the system demonstrated that it can accurately determine the coordinates of a sound source imitating accidents (sirens, collisions). The analysis confirmed that the system satisfies the V2X infrastructure integration response time requirement (<200 ms). The results suggest that the system can be used as part of smart transportation systems.

This work presents the development of template-based, biodegradable microactuators composed of poly-L-lactic acid and magnetic nanorods. They exhibit a magnetoelectric effect, converting external magnetic fields into localized electrical stimuli. The template-based fabrication enables the creation of uniform polymer microactuators with complex morphologies, directional actuation, enhanced energy transfer efficiency, and integrated multifunctionality.

Abstract The analysis of the mechanism underlying the formation of the current–voltage characteristic in light-emitting diode structures with multiple quantum wells, along with the solution of the thermodynamic potential equation of the crystalline lattice, has revealed the mechanism responsible for the formation and accumulation of nonequilibrium Frenkel-type point defects in the quantum well (QW) region. This mechanism operates alongside other potential mechanisms associated with diffusion-stimulated complex rearrangement, the influence of piezoelectric fields, and mechanical stresses. This study demonstrates that according to this mechanism point defects are generated as a result of interactions between hot charge carriers, injected into the QW region, and the atoms of the crystalline lattice. The heating of charge carriers in the QW region occurs due to the electric field created by the charges of excess carriers within the QWs. An equation is presented for calculating the concentration of point defects as a function of operating time and forward current density.