Moscow Power Engineering Institute

The high judicial burden on the arbitration courts of the Russian Federation has a negative impact on the activities of the courts, the effectiveness and timeliness of the consideration of a legal dispute. The institution of conciliation procedures is an effective means of reducing the judicial burden, however, the statistical indicators considered indicate the inefficiency of the existing mechanism. The purpose of the work is to form a possible model of mandatory conciliation procedures in the arbitration process in order to reduce the judicial burden. The statistical method, the comparative legal method, and the method of dialectical construction were used in the work. The possibility of using conciliation procedures as a mandatory pre-trial stage in arbitration proceedings in order to reduce the judicial burden is analyzed. The foreign experience of using this mechanism is considered. The main possible risks for participants in a legal dispute are described. The advantages of conciliation procedures are analyzed. The categories of disputes for which mandatory conciliation procedures should be provided are proposed. The possibility of using artificial intelligence in order to reconcile the parties has been studied. Conciliation procedures in the arbitration process can not only reduce the judicial burden, but also save the material resources of the parties. Mandatory conciliation procedures can become an effective mechanism for reducing the judicial burden. However, the basic principle of conciliation procedures – voluntariness – will inevitably be affected. Disputes arising from the contract act as categories of cases for which a mandatory pre-trial procedure should be established for applying to reconciliation procedures before going to court. The parties should not be limited in the choice of conciliation procedures. The issue of financing conciliation procedures depends on the specific type of procedure that the parties have decided to resort to. It is also worth considering the use of artificial intelligence in order to reconcile the parties, resolve differences that have arisen, and draft an agreement.

Subject. The incentive function of taxation in agriculture. Objectives. To identify and summarize existing approaches to defining the boundaries of the incentive function of taxation for the purpose of ensuring the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises. Methods. General scientific methods were used, as well as statistical methods of data processing. Results. The main scientific and methodological approaches to defining the boundaries of the incentive function of taxation for the purposes of ensuring the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises are outlined. A multidirectional change in the indicators of the tax burden of the industry with the dynamics of its development over the past decade has been revealed. Attention is drawn to the need to take measures aimed at developing the incentive function of taxation in order to ensure environmental policy and the introduction of research and development in the context of the progressive development of the agricultural sector. Conclusions. The results obtained in the course of the study make it possible to develop more effective tax and financial instruments to support the agricultural sector on a legislative basis.

This article examines the pressing issue of increasing the competitiveness of domestic light industry brands in the face of sanctions. Particular attention is paid to the denim sector, which is one of the most dependent on imported components and simultaneously possesses significant potential for import substitution. The research focuses on the digital transformation of a Russian manufacturer's marketing strategy, using the creation and promotion of a national denim brand as an example. The goal of the study is to develop a comprehensive approach to using modern digital technologies to effectively promote domestic branded products, allowing not only to compensate for the loss of international players but also to build a sustainable competitive advantage in the domestic market. The study utilized comparative analysis, data systematization, case studies of successful practices of Russian companies, and expert evaluation of the effectiveness of various digital tools. The results include a detailed classification of key digital technologies (social media, e-commerce platforms, artificial intelligence, Big Data analytics), an assessment of their effectiveness at various stages of the consumer journey, and the identification of systemic barriers to digitalization in the domestic light industry. Based on the conducted analysis, a phased model of digital brand promotion was developed and presented, covering all stages — from developing a unique identity to implementing innovative AR/VR solutions. The main conclusion of the study is that the synergistic use of digital technologies within a unified marketing strategy allows not only for effective product promotion and optimization of business processes, but also for building long-term relationships with consumers based on an emotional connection and trust in the domestic brand—a critical competitive advantage in today’s economic environment.

A 2D model of an InGaAs/InAlAs single-photon avalanche photodiode has been developed. The influence of the active area structure in the multiplication region on the diode's operating parameters has been studied. It was found that changing the diameter of the structure's active region leads to a change in the dark current in the linear part of the current-voltage curve and a change in the breakdown voltage. Reducing the diameter of the active region from 25 μm to 10 μm allowed decreasing the dark current in the linear mode by about 10 dB. It has been shown that the quality of the SPAD device can be assessed by knowing the avalanche breakdown voltage and the overall current-voltage curve plot if we consider structures with the same multiplication region thickness and different remaining layers. The higher the breakdown voltage, the better the structure's quality due to smaller local increases in the field strength. Following this statement, we conclude that for further use in single-photon detectors, it is reasonable to pick specific SPADs from a batch on the sole basis of their current-voltage curves.

Power energy sector is the largest anthropogenic source of greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2. Oxy-fuel energy complexes (OFCs) are one of the most effective ways to reduce CO2 emissions. In OFC’s combustion chamber gaseous fuel is burned in a mixture of O2 and CO2 at supercritical pressures up to 300 atm. However, in open sources there are currently no recommendations for designing such combustion chambers, including no recommendations on the choice of a kinetic mechanism for numerical simulation of combustion. In this paper, the kinetic combustion mechanisms GRI 3.0, UoS sCO2 2.0, OXY-NG, and Skeletal were compared using Chemkin 18.2 for oxy-fuel combustion of methane by laminar burning velocity under normal conditions. It is shown that OXY-NG can accurately simulate the laminar burning velocity during oxy-fuel combustion of methane under normal conditions in a wide range of mixture compositions by (α) 0.8–1.4 and (γCO2) 0.65–0.78. For this reason, OXY-NG mechanism is recommended for spatial numerical simulation of oxy-fuel combustion.

A mathematical model for credit debt repayment by a representative rational household has been developed. The model is formalized as an optimal control problem with a noncompact geometric control constraint and a nonfixed time horizon. An existence theorem for solutions in the class of functions admitting impulse control has been proved. Necessary optimality conditions in the form of Pontryagin’s maximum principle have been investigated. Optimality conditions for the early debt repayment regime have been derived.

The aim of this study is to develop an acoustic emission (AE) monitoring methodology that is invariant to the mechanical impact influence. To achieve this objective, regression and statistical analysis algorithms were employed to identify nonlinear relationships between the degree of damage in composite specimens (j) and the values of streaming AE parameters. As the most informative AE parameters correlating with the actual condition of the monitored specimens, the quantile values at the p = 0.9 level of the distribution functions of the front energy ([Eφ]p = 0.9) and specific energy ([EN]p = 0.9) of AE pulses were selected. A key stage in the implementation of the proposed methodology involves partitioning the criterion plane ([EN]p = 0.9 – [Eφ]p = 0.9) into three characteristic segments (I, II, III). Based on the values of the streaming parameters and their weighted distribution across segments I, II, and III (WI, WII, WIII), a regression model was synthesized to assess the degree of damage in composite specimens using AE monitoring results. The maximum reduced error of the developed model was γ = 9.8%, while the mean relative error did not exceed 1.1%, regardless of the initial condition of the monitored specimens.