Moscow State University

Urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing environmental resilience in cities, particularly in arid regions characterized by water scarcity, soil salinity, and high climatic stress. However, arid coastal cities remain insufficiently studied with regard to spatially explicit assessments of the structure and dynamics of green infrastructure. This study evaluates the state and spatial organization of urban green infrastructure in Aktau, Kazakhstan, over the period 2015–2025, with the most recent satellite observations obtained in June 2025. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was used to calculate seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values, and zonal statistics were applied to assess intra-urban differentiation across functional zones. In addition, inventory-based indicators—Green Planting Density (GPD), Structural Composition of Greenery (SCG), and Protective Green Infrastructure (PGI)—were integrated to complement the remote sensing analysis. The results indicate a moderate overall increase in mean NDVI values (from 0.21 to 0.28), with the most significant growth observed in central and coastal areas (ΔNDVI = +0.12; ΔSAVI = +0.21), while industrial and newly developed zones exhibit only limited changes. Despite these localized improvements, the spatial configuration of green infrastructure remains fragmented, reflecting a persistent center–periphery asymmetry in urban greening. These results underline the importance of irrigation practices and spatially targeted greening strategies for improving vegetation conditions in arid urban environments. The proposed integrated approach combining satellite-derived vegetation indices and inventory-based indicators can serve as a useful tool for monitoring urban green infrastructure and supporting evidence-based planning in arid coastal cities.

The computational design of polymers with targeted macroscopic properties is frequently limited by the tendency of generative models to produce structures that deviate from experimental reality. Standard evaluation metrics, originally derived for small drug-like molecules, often do not adequately capture the physicochemical constraints unique to polymeric materials. To address this, we introduce PoGE (Polymer Generation and Evaluation), a transformer-based framework trained on a hybrid corpus of generated and experimentally validated polymer representations. We propose a physics-driven evaluation suite that utilizes Wasserstein distance to quantify the alignment between generated and experimental property distributions, replacing traditional fragment-based scoring. PoGE demonstrates superior fidelity to the physicochemical attributes of real-world polymers-specifically regarding molecular weight, topological polar surface area, and chain flexibility-when compared to existing recurrent neural network and conditional generation baselines. Notably, this alignment is achieved through unconditional sequence modeling, indicating that the architecture implicitly captures the complex structural rules governing polymer synthesis without requiring explicit descriptor conditioning. By providing a rigorously validated pre-training corpus and a physics-informed benchmarking framework, this work establishes a reliable foundation for the on-demand inverse design of synthesizable materials for advanced applications.

Cyclic poly(1,3-dioxolane) (PDOL) oligomers, traditionally regarded as unwanted by-products, show superior performance in solid polymer electrolytes. The electrolyte based on cyclic PDOL exhibits more than five times higher ionic conductivity at room temperature (0.98×10-5 S/cm) than its linear analogue (0.17×10-5 S/cm), reaching 4.8×10-4 S/cm at 80 °C. These results demonstrate that PDOL cyclic oligomers possess significant potential for application in solid polymer electrolytes.

A clinical case of patient with systemic scleroderma, which began with a three-phase Raynaud’s phenomenon, confirmed by capillaroscopy is described. The disease developed after long-term professional contact with pesticides used to control rodents. Clinicians should not neglect information about the patient's place of work in order to promptly identify occupational pathology and eliminate pathogenic factors leading to the development of systemic autoimmune diseases.

ABSTRACT Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite has undoubtedly revolutionized advanced engineering applications due to its lightweight and high strength. In this study, self‐made zirconia fiber (ZF) via electrospinning was introduced into the interlayer of laminated CFRP composites to construct the fiber bridging to prevent crack generation and propagation, which could improve weak regions of resin‐rich region (RRR) and interfacial transition region (ITR). Low‐velocity impact results showed ZF‐implanted CFRP composites exhibited better impact resistance than unreinforced CFRP composites. Three‐point bending testing results demonstrate that the flexural strength of CFRP composites with 0.25 wt.% ZF before and after impact yielded the greatest 26.3% and 133.4% increments respectively compared with unreinforced ones, and the former had 55% and 121.5% higher energy absorption than that of the control group in pre impact and post‐impact damaged energy absorption respectively. XRM‐CT and SEM scanning results indicated the trace of fiber bridging of ZF on the damaged surface and its effects on shifting delamination failure of unreinforced CFRP composite to shear failure of ZF‐implanted CFRP composites. Overall, introducing ZF into the interlayer might be an easy and effective method for manufacturing high‐performance CFRP composites in industries.

This article examines a little-studied dimension of Polish foreign-policy activity during the First World War: the development of Bulgarian–Polish contacts in the period preceding the establishment of formal diplomatic relations. Particular attention is paid to the work of Tadeusz Stanisław Grabowski and the Sofia Press Bureau of the Supreme National Committee, which became key instruments for internationalising the Polish question and for shaping a favourable image of Poland within Bulgaria’s socio-political environment. The study analyses the rhetorical strategies, channels of influence, and political context through which the Polish side established and sustained its presence in Bulgaria’s information sphere. Keywords: W. Zembrzuska, T. Grabowski, Supreme National Committee, Polish question, Polish propaganda in Bulgaria, Bulgarian-Polish relations (1915–1916).

In regions with low density of ground observational network, hydrodynamic models and satellite observations are able to reproduce the river water level regime and inundated areas with an accuracy sufficient for monitoring climate change. However, very limited number of studies demonstrated the capacity of synergy of satellite altimetry and hydrodynamic modelling in complex Arctic environment due to lack of certainty in interpretation of altimetric measurements over river ice and high errors in calculation of winter water levels. However, it is the winter regime of arctic and boreal rivers that experiences the most significant climate change. These changes are seen as a decrease in ice duration and thickness, ice jam occurrence and an increase in winter water levels. We hypothesized that the river ice properties varying in space and time may affect the performance of water level retrievals from satellite altimetry and investigated the validity of our hypothesis using the synergy of satellite measurements and numerical experiment with hydrodynamic models. Two models MIKE 11DHI and STREAM 2D were adapted for 90-300 km-long river reaches located on the Severnaya Dvina, Lena and Kolyma Rivers. The models were run for winter periods with ice modules switched on/off. Comparison of simulation results showed that in case of smooth ice of the Kolyma River the altimetry retrievals rather showed the elevation of the ice bottom, while in case of rough S.Dvina and Lena ice the satellite measurements were close to the elevation of the ice top. The latter allowed to reproduce with the altimetric measurements the mid-winter ice jam conditions occurred in 2019 on the S.Dvina River and to validate the model in ungauged sections. The verification of the altimetry return signal (waveform) over the test sites demonstrated that over the Kolyma's smooth ice, the waveforms expressed two distinct peaks. The second peak dominated in power and was used by the SAMOSA 2 retracker algorithm for the range and elevation estimation. In cases of rough ice, the return signals had one peak, which, according to comparison with the modeled levels, was produced by reflection of the signal from the ice top. Our finding can have an important implication for future adaptation of satellite altimetry for high latitude river hydrology and can explain the variable in space and time performance of the satellite altimetry over frozen rivers. The new interferometric altimetric instrument installed on the SWOT satellite (on orbit since 2023) globally maps the river water surface topography and potentially may indicate the locations and severity of the ice jams. However, the low instrument incidence angle makes surface elevation retrievals unrealistic in many locations characterized by low water/ice roughness. We investigated the performance of the SWOT surface elevation retrievals in winter period in our test sites and demonstrated that its measurements may have precision compared with the model simulations. This makes the SWOT measurements extremely valuable for hydrodynamic model runs in winter. The study was supported by CNES TOSCA SWIRL project; Water Problems Institute, RAS Governmental Order FMWZ-2025-0003 and RSF project №24-17-00084.

The paper discusses the particularities in a comprehensive study of the physical, thermophysical, and mechanical properties of thawing soils in Central Yakutia. The author presents a methodology for experimental studies, which considers the specifics of the soil cryogenic structure and thawing conditions. The results of testing various lithological types of samples from the Yakutsk area are analyzed. The patterns of changes in the main soil properties during thawing are established, and empirical relationships are proposed for predicting their behavior. Special attention is paid to the influence of ice content, thawing temperature, and process rate on deformation and strength characteristics. The research results are of great importance for ensuring the stability of engineering structures under permafrost degradation in the study area.