Moscow Technological Institute

2D XMoSiN2 materials of Janus type (X = S, Se or Te) are characterized by high binding energies and a strong built-in electric field, which allows the generated electron–hole pairs to be separated within a single layer. These 2D materials show promise for photovoltaic applications. In this paper, the modeling process is used to examine the grown and optimized small diameter nanotubes based on SMoSiN2 2D materials of Janus type. Using calculations within the framework of density functional theory, band structures and optical absorption spectra of such nanotubes with different arrangements of chalcogen were obtained. For the structures under consideration, a wide absorption region of short-wave radiation is observed with a tube deformation of ε = 12.46%. Nanotubes of XMoSiN2 Janus-type semiconductors behave like semiconductors, whose electronic and optical properties can be controlled by deformation.

In this study, we examine the relationship between digital twins (DT) and smart cities by showing how they globally transform urban cities. With the help of DTs, smart cities incorporate real-time optimization and supervision across various aspects such as energy resources, emergency services, transportation, and so many others to improve the quality of life of citizens. DTs, also known as virtual copies of the entire infrastructure, are one of the key factors in smart city ecosystems. DTs integrate live data streaming with modern simulation tools to optimize performance, planning, and prediction. Sustainability, resilience, and effective urban governance planning and management can be achieved by combining DTs and smart city concepts. In this chapter, we also examined the challenges faced by integrating DTs and smart cities. Data privacy and security challenges by discussing the issues that need solutions for cybersecurity threats and regulations, as well as challenges concerned with the integration of a variety of systems and technologies, highlighting interoperability issues, and investing in management and training. This study also examine the adaption of AI-based intelligent Infrastructure and smart cities Asset maintenance but this required advanced expertise and it also raised cyber security concerns. The recent trends like cloud-based solutions and adopting DTs in different sectors are based on the integrated concept of DTs and smart cities. The integrated concept effectively improves efficiency and resilience with innovative technology.

Hydroalcoholic extracts are the most common form of liquid propolis. However, due to factors such as residual taste, people's intolerance to ethanol, and its unsuitability for ingestion by children, other media are of interest. The extraction in an aqueous medium is typically low, but; food additives can serve as an alternative to achieve better extraction in water. The aim of this study was to use food additives to extract compounds with biological activity in aqueous extracts of propolis. Aqueous extracts of propolis with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Tween 80 (TWN) and glycerin (GLN) at concentration of 1%, 3% and 5% were prepared. Various parameters such as dry matter, total phenols, antioxidant capacity using the permanganate (AC-P) and molybdate (AC-M) methods, and the inhibition zone were determined for each extract. Dry matter showed increases for TWN 5% and GLN 5%. The total phenolic content was highest in TWN 3% and 5% extracts. The inhibition zone showed values different from zero in TWN 1% and 3% extracts. The TWN 3% and 5% extracts had the lowest values of AC-P and the highest values of AC-M. Overall, the use of additives increased the extraction of compounds into the aqueous matrix, enhancing their antioxidant and antibacterial capacity. Tween 80 showed the most promising results among the additives tested.

The article examines the role of political euphemisms and dysphemisms in modern political discourse. The purpose of the study is to identify the mechanisms of constructing socio-cultural reality through euphemisms and dysphemisms. An interdisciplinary approach involving philological and cultural analysis methods is used. Based on the statements of English-speaking politicians, the article analyzes how these speech strategies are used to manipulate the perception of political events and the formation of identities. The negative effects of exposure to culture and society through euphemisms and dysphemisms are highlighted. It is concluded that political euphemisms and dysphemisms are tools of linguistic ideology that lead to distortion of information and manipulation of public opinion, and, ultimately, to the impoverishment of culture and to the polarization of society. Understanding the mechanisms of their functioning is important for a critical analysis of political discourse.

Nanostructured multilayer anticorrosion coatings offer an effective strategy to mitigate the poor corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys and extend their service life. In this study, four types of Ti/Cr multilayer coatings with varied modulation periods along the growth direction were deposited on 7050 aluminum alloy substrates using direct current magnetron sputtering. The cross-sectional microstructure of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while their mechanical and corrosion properties were systematically evaluated through nanoindentation and electrochemical measurements. The influence of modulation period distribution on the corrosion resistance of Ti/Cr multilayers was thoroughly investigated. The results show that the average thickness of the Ti/Cr multilayer coatings is 680 nm, the structure is dense, and the coarse columnar crystals are not seen. All Ti/Cr multilayer coatings significantly reduced the corrosion current density of 7050 aluminum alloy by about 10 times compared with that of the substrate, showing good protective effect. Modulation period along the coating growth direction decreases the Ti/Cr multilayer coating surface heterogeneous interface density increases, inhibits the formation of corrosion channels, hindering the penetration of corrosive media, and the other three coatings and aluminum alloy compared to its corrosion surface did not see obvious pore corrosion, showing the most excellent corrosion resistance.

Reading Aloud strategy used in the teaching reading skills, which means the teachers and students pronounced the word loudly in front of the class to get the information. The study aimed to enhance the loud reading skills in English among second language learners, specifically grade 6 students at KM/KM/Shams Central College, Maruthamunai. The objectives of the research were; to identify pronunciation difficulties encountered by the students of KM/KM/Shams Central College, Maruthamunai, to identify the factors influence on their loud reading skills, to assist students in improving loud reading skills and to assess the best strategies for enhancing their loud reading easily. The research involved a sample of 20 students after the pre-test and data was collected through a loud reading test and interviews. The data collected was analyzed in MS Excel. According to this research the findings were; pronunciation difficulties and factors influencing loud reading skills; students' struggles with pronunciation impacted their confidence and participation in English classes and it highlighted the impact of teachers' teaching methods on students' reading abilities and their attitudes towards reading. Positive attitudes towards reading were found to significantly aid in students' literacy development, while negative experiences could hinder progress. The comparison of pre-test and post-test marks further supported the success of these strategies. The read aloud strategy was identified as an effective method for improving fluency and conveying meaning through reading. The teachers' methodologies and attitudes towards reading significantly influence students' reading abilities. The study recommends introducing the research findings to grade 6 students and providing them with special attention and motivation to overcome reading difficulties. It suggests that through effective intervention, students can become fluent in learning English as a second language.

The global prevalence of junk and nonorganic foods has made it increasingly difficult to find sustainable organic food options, despite their potential health benefits. This issue is exacerbated by factors such as production scarcity, climate change, and the widespread availability and affordability of junk food. Additionally, there is a lack of research and attention toward orphan crops, which have high nutritional value and significant health benefits, resulting in food and nutrition insecurity. One such underutilized crop is teff, a small grain cereal grown in Eritrea that is highly nutritious, resilient to climate variability, gluten‐free, and rich in dietary fiber. Teff requires low agricultural input, making it a superfood for humans and a valuable animal feed source. The lack of scientific research on teff’s agronomic characteristics, yield potentials, and nutritional benefits hinders its global recognition and distribution. To address this, the Addey Agricultural and Food Cooperative Research and Development team has reviewed existing scientific knowledge on teff. This review covers the botanical description, origin, production, climatic and soil requirements, agronomic practices, and improvement techniques of teff. Also, we explore teff’s nutritional and phytochemical composition, potential health benefits, and use as animal feed. The review highlights teff’s global potential and identifies gaps in current farming practices, recommending modern, technology‐based methods for sustainable production and productivity.