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Background: Ischemic heart disease is a significant cause of mortality among adult patients suffering from chronic renal failure in the United States. This study investigates trends in ischemic heart disease-related mortality in adults aged 25 and older with chronic renal failure, focusing on overall and gender-related trends. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using death certificate data from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), annual percent change (APC), and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated per 100,000 persons, stratified by year, sex, race/ethnicity, and geographical region. Results: Ischemic heart disease in patients with chronic renal failure accounted for 552171 deaths among US adults aged 25+. Most deaths occurred at a medical facility (45.30%) and the patient’s home (19.90%). The overall AAMR for Ischemic Heart Disease in CRF-related deaths decreased from 13.1 in 1999 to 10.8 in 2020, with an AAPC of -1.1378 (95 % CI: -4.1816 to 2.0028, p = 0.473276). It is worth noting from 2015 to 2020 the APC has been 6.1116 (95 % CI: 2.1479 to 10.2291, p = 0.005627) . Males had higher AAMRs (16.9) compared to females (8.1). Over the years, there was a decrease in both males with an AAPC of -1.3131 (95% CI: -1.3131 to -2.6983, p = 0.065243) and females with an AAPC of -1.8078 (95% CI: -5.1342 to 1.6353, p = 0.299506). Interestingly, from 2015 to 2020 the APC for females was 6.2678 (95% CI: 1.7801 to 10.953, p = 0.010085). Conclusion: Overall, there has been a notable decline in CKD and Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)-replated mortality from 1999 to 2020 however from 2015 to 2020 there has been an increase in IHD-related deaths amongst patients with CKD. Gender stratification of this data shows that the overall mortality burden is higher in males than in females. The overall mortality from 1999 to 2020 has decreased in both genders however from 2015 to 2020 the mortality has been increasing in the female population which might be driving the overall increase in mortality. We believe that the increasing mortality due to CKD and IHD-related deaths in recent years (2015 to 2020) is alarming and should be addressed via policymaking and increased awareness. The higher overall burden in males and the increasing mortality in females in recent years also need to be addressed.

This study investigated student characteristics that contribute to nursing students' academic burnout and perceived stress. A nonexperimental cross-sectional design was used to assess prenursing and nursing student characteristics, academic burnout, and perceived stress. Differences in academic burnout and stress based on student characteristics were evaluated using t tests or analysis of variance. Significant correlations were found between academic burnout and perceived stress. Social support, on-campus versus off-campus housing, certainty about nursing as a major, grade point average, and hours worked were significantly associated with academic burnout and stress levels. Female students reported higher perceived stress than male students, and students motivated by personal experiences also showed higher stress. Caregivers, students working in health care, and those working longer hours experienced greater exhaustion and academic burnout. Findings highlight the prevalence of academic burnout and stress among nursing students, with various demographic, social, and academic characteristics contributing to these outcomes.

To the Editor: The analysis of accelerated osteoarthritis (OA) by Davis, et al 1 noted the predominantly interphalangeal joint distribution of associated erosions and suggested a likely inflammatory derivation of the process. That description, however, is also applicable to a disorder long recognized as inflammatory in character: calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease … Address correspondence to Dr. B.M. Rothschild, 2401 W. University Ave., Muncie, Indiana 47303, USA. E-mail: spondylair{at}gmail.com

In the last few decades corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues have echoed mostly in the management literature but have been on increase among the marketing scholars as well. Despite the numerous research studies found in the marketing literature that have focused mostly on specific dimensions of CSR, issues addressing the relationship between CSR and consumer expectations or perceptions are still relatively under-researched. Some authors even argue that only a small percentage of research studies on CSR focus on consumers. Consumer expectations are known as a driver motivating marketers to incorporate social considerations into their marketing practices and to communicate about those actions.

This paper describes the process whereby 450 students each chose, cold-called, and met with 850 important executives. The assignment is part of the Principles of Marketing class, and applies the principles of differentiation, targeting, and the 4 Ps to marketing oneself. It is also a very practical selling exercise, and takes almost no class time.

While the management literature has examined the nature and scope of various deviant workplace behaviors over the course of the past decade, marketing scholars- and more specifically, sales researchers- have only recently begun to consider the subject. This is surprising given the boundary-spanning nature of professional selling and the fact that business-to-business salespeople are the face of their organizations; their behavior (or misbehavior) can seriously affect the ability of their organization to build relationships with customers. Because workplace deviance has been defined as voluntary employee behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the organization and/or its members, deviant sales behaviors can be organizational, interpersonal and frontline in nature. Building from our previously published work in the area, this research examines the effect of several individual salesperson factors (person-organization fit, trait competitiveness and hours worked) on these three forms of deviant salesperson behavior. Using survey data collected from 160 business-to-business salespeople from multiple companies and multiple industries, we empirically test these main effects and examine whether two forms of manager empowerment moderate several of the direct linkages. Findings show that the extent to which managers both express confidence in the ability of the salesperson to perform and the level to which they explain the meaningfulness of the salesperson’s work to the salesperson offset several specific direct effects. Our research concludes with an analysis of our findings, a discussion of their managerial implications and suggestions for future scholarly inquiry.

This paper investigates whether the use of the Internet by Swedish SMEs in their supply chain operations and management has an impact on overall efficiency. The empirical findings from a survey on Swedish SMEs indicate that the level of efficiency is not statistically related to the level of Internet usage.

This study aimed to explore whether differences in materialism levels exist with respect to gender and age in a developing westernized country, Turkey. In addition, this study is one of the first attempts to explore the compulsive buying phenomenon in Turkey, which is a highly materialistic country. Furthermore, whether differences exist in compulsive buying tendencies with respect to age and gender and whether a positive relationship exists between materialism and compulsive buying are explored based on the literature.

This conceptual paper leverages life cycle and involvement theory to clarify the drivers of Web site growth and expansion, so that marketers can better understand the potential impact of Web site expansion decisions. Prior research had suggested that the bundling of competitive Web content would ensure a site’s growth. However, this paper’s model accounts for the potentially negative effects of declining user involvement and provides a more accurate framework to diagnose stages of the Web site life cycle and implement appropriate expansion strategies.