NIIhimmash (Russia)

Arno Görgen is a cultural historian. At the Bern University of the Arts, he is the co-lead of the SNSF Sinergia project "Confoederatio Ludens: Swiss History of Games, Play, and Game Design 1968–2000." His research focuses on health and medicine, the medicalization of digital games, systems theory and intellectual history, as well as the pop-cultural representation of illness. In this context, he published the anthology "Superspreader – Pop Culture and Media Discourses in the Face of the Pandemic" in 2024, together with Tobias Eichinger and Eugen Pfister. The anthology was released as part of the Medical Humanities series by transcript Verlag. Christoph Singer, head of the Research Center for Medical Humanities at the University of Innsbruck, and Arno Görgen discuss this book in the following interview.

Diagnostics of the technical condition of heat exchanger tube bundles is considered in the paper. The main problem is associated with the large total length of tubes in bundles and a limited time for examination. For examination of the internal clearance of pipes the method of acoustic pulse reflectometry, known in a science and technology, was used. This method was implemented in PAKT-04 device for express-inspection of heat exchangers. It is proposed for characterizing the wear of the tubes to introduce a generalized quantitative parameter called “defectiveness degree”. The parameter is determined by change of acoustic signal propagating in the tube. The value of defectiveness degree indicates the applicability the tube for operation in the heat exchanger. The results of measuring the parameter on different heat exchangers are discussed.

The modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and antibacterial film of low density polyethylene (LDPE) were made in the presence of nanoZnO or nanosilver materials. The effect of different content and different kind of nanometal materials on the tensile strength, oxygen permeability rate and the antibacterial properties of LDPE fresh-keeping film were studied, especially the effect of fresh-keeping properties on small tomatoes picked.

The main purpose of the 105-day experiment, which has been conducted during from March, 31 till July, 14 2009 on the IMBP experimental complex, is obtaining and analysis of scientific/technical information for optimal organization of preparation and efficient conduction of the main experiment simulating all the stages of a manned flight to Mars. Actual participation of test subjects in maintenance of standard systems in first stages of space flight ground simulation to Mars is extremely difficult and economically unprofitable. More rational approach is to use virtual simulators of actual systems supplemented with simulation models of environment and crew components as a load component integrated in a unified Hardware/Software Complex of Crew’s Service of System Operation (HSCCSSO), which is intended for simulation of system functioning in normal, off-normal and emergency situations due to failure of about systems and value deviations of monitor environmental parameters from present ones. The purpose of this paper is to examine HSCCSSO application results taking into consideration the key of the future mission to Mars (extremely long duration, autonomy, complicated communication peculiarities with the ground Mission Control Center because of signal delay, and limited stock of expendables). The structure, the description of the basic functions of the complex and results received at conducting out of 105-day experiment are brought. The special attention is given to an estimation of efficiency of the crew's actions at localization of the generated off-normal situations in functioning systems and deviations of controllable parameters of an inhabitancy from preset values.

In this paper we consider a general projection method for the solution of a nonlinear singular integral equation and its applications in the method of orthogonal polynomials, the subdomains method, and the collocation method.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The design of any complex system, especially eco-technical is very challenging due to the variety of processes, system composition, relation between different components and presence of the human. Process and technology selections affect the flow rate, composition, and phase of all resulting components. Therefore, evaluating alternative processes and/or technologies used often requires one to compare the relative environmental merits of distinctly different residual streams.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Traditional thermodynamic analysis based on the first law of thermodynamics describes the conservation of energy. In this type of analysis all forms of energy are considered to be equivalent. The loss of quality of energy is not taken into account. It shows the energy flow to be continuous and energy balance is always closed. There can never be an energy loss, only energy transfer to the environment in which case it is useless.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An exergy analysis, based on the first and second law of thermodynamics, shows the thermodynamic imperfection of a process and the system, including all quality losses of materials and energy. For quantifying the irreversibilities and determining system imperfections an exergy analysis has to be performed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The intent of this paper is to provide a better explanation of exergy method and show examples of it's application.</div>

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the concept of Ecotechnical System (ETS) based on the analysis of mass, power and data flow exchange within a biocenosis and between a biocenosis and technical systems that support life and activity of any biological entity in isolated environment of space vehicle. A biocenosis is considered to be a gathering of live organisms (generally people, animals, plants and micro-organisms) in an artificial habitat of the isolated environment.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An Ecotechnical System is defined and it is shown that the given concept brings together different life support systems based on physical-chemical and biological means of regeneration of crew metabolic products.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The existing limitations to the ETS development are reviewed in the paper in respect to limited volumes of space vehicles based on the vehicle characteristics and particular space program tasks.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Three step analysis approach proposed for ETS effectiveness evaluation. An Effectiveness model is proposed for each stage using exergy as a mean for accounting for system benefit. This model is intended to support preliminary, intermediate and final stages of integrated system design. The model includes the quantitative and qualitative effectiveness metrics that describe properties of biocenoses as well as technical apparatus.</div>

Oxidation, dissolution of uranium dioxide with some alkali, alkaline-earth metal man-ganates and permanganates in carbonate solution was studied. The kinetics of decomposition of potassiummanganate and permanganate in solutions of some carbonates were studied spectrophotometrically in the range of pH from 7.8 to 13.0. It was found that the stability of MnO4 - and MnO4 2- ions and the pathways of their decomposition are governed by both pH and the nature of salts. The results of similar measurements in the presence of uranium dioxide showed that throughout the studied range of pH to the higher rate of conversion of KMnO4 to K2MnO4 corresponds the higher rate of oxidation and dissolution of UO2 in carbonate solution.