NIMS University

Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine in Jammu and Kashmir is the best visited religious site in India with millions of pilgrims every year thronging this site. Although its religious and economic importance is beyond measure, the sheer number of pilgrimage tourism traffic has already presented a lot of environmental pressure on the location. Among the serious issues are challenges of waste production, water preservation, land degradation and quality of air. The research will look at the effects of pilgrimage tourism on the environment of the shrine environment and suggest a competency model of sustainable tourism growth towards introduction of technological advancements and community integration consideration. The study uses a qualitative method to examine both environmental tasks, the fieldwork, and the interviews conducted with the stakeholders. It singles out practices of proper waste management, water recycling, and energy efficiency such as the adoption of smart waste system, solar energy solution, and control with RFID features. The paper is applicable to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) and it can be used to provide a transferable construct on sustainable pilgrimage tourism. In the paper policy recommendations are offered that can come into place by the local authorities and they are mainly concerned with controlling the number of pilgrims, the management of waste products as well as fully capitalising on water and energy consumption. This study will make a contribution to the overall discussion regarding sustainable tourism practices in pilgrimage destinations by providing practical remedies to the reduction of any environmental impact without compromising on culture and spiritual heritage.

Background: In the past, educational institutions prioritized subjects like technology, agriculture, and business, often neglecting mental well-being, contributing to rising youth mortality rates in the 21st century. Positive Psychology (PP) has emerged as a critical framework for fostering individual strengths, positive outlooks, and personal growth in learning environments. Methodology: This study applies Seligman’s Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA) model, incorporating a health component, to evaluate mental wellness among 231 undergraduate and postgraduate students (mean age = 22.65) from three Indian universities. Results: Results indicate strong correlations between general well-being and life satisfaction, with moderate correlations to growth mindset and physical well-being. Positive Emotion showed strong associations with happiness (r = 0.642) and contentment (r = 0.553), while Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment correlated with relevant constructs like feeling excited (r = 0.446), feeling loved (r = 0.450), sense of purpose (r = 0.537), and achieving goals (r = 0.499). Moderate correlations across PERMA elements suggest they are related yet distinct, supporting the model’s internal consistency, convergent, and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The PERMA model proved robust for assessing well-being in university settings, highlighting the need for holistic interventions balancing academic achievement with social and emotional support to enhance student well-being and academic success.

प्रस्तुत लेखमा जीवन जीवन्तद्वारा रचित चरैवेति उपन्यासको हिप्पोलाइट एडोल्फ टेनद्वारा प्रतिपादित प्रजाति र परिवेश सिद्धान्तअनुसार विमर्श गरिएको छ । टेनको मान्यता अनुसार चरैवेति उपन्यासमा प्रजाति र परिवेशको प्रयोग के कसरी गरिएको छ भनी अध्ययन गर्नु यस लेखको मूल समस्या र उद्देश्य हो । पुस्तकालयबाट सङ्कलित आधारभूत र सन्दर्भ स्रोत सामग्रीको विमर्श पाठविलेषण विधिबाट गरिएको छ । यसमा टेनले चर्चा गरेको प्रजाति र परिवेशसमबद्ध सिद्धान्तका आधारमा विशलेषणका मानदण्ड तयार पारेर कृतिबाट तथ्यहरू सङ्कलन गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । टेनका अनुसार व्यक्तिका विशेषता, आनुवांशिकता, मानसिक बनावट र शारीरिक संरचना जस्ता पक्षहरू पनि प्रजाति हुन् । परिवेशले उपन्यासमा पात्रहरूको कार्यकलाप हुने वा घटनाहरू घट्ने स्थान, समय र त्यसको मानसिक प्रभावलाई बुझाउँछ, जसले पाठकलाई बाँध्ने काम गर्छ । मुख्यतः उपन्यसमा ब्राहमण, क्षेत्री, दलित, आदिवासी जनजाति गरी उपन्यासमा तीन प्रजातिका पात्रहरू रहेका छन् । परिवेशको दृष्टिबाट उपन्यासलाई नियाल्दा उपन्यासमा प्राकृतिक र भौगोलिक परिवेश, धार्मिक, सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक परिवेश, राजनीतिक परिवेश, आर्थिक परिवेश, ऐतिहासिक परिवेश र वैज्ञानिक तथा समसामयिक परिवेशको चित्रण गरिएको छ । उपन्यासमा प्रजातिगत पहिचान, सामाजिक पृष्ठभूमि र मानसिक संरचनाको यथोचित प्रयोग गरिनुका साथै लेखकीय प्रजातिगत गुण र ऊ बाँचेको समाजको प्रतिबिम्बन कृतिमा झल्किएको पाइन्छ यसर्थ टेनको समाजशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तका आधारमा प्रजाति र परिवेशको दृष्टिले चरैवेति उपन्यास सशक्त रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।

Social media has transformed communication, but its rise hinges on the internet. Without it, social media’s vast influence, especially on youth, would be unimaginable. Young people are deeply engaged in platforms like Whatsap, Youtube, Instagram and Facebook, shaping their thoughts and behaviors. The internet acts as the lifeline of social media, driving its growth and accessibility. However, excessive social media use impacts mental health, fostering addiction, anxiety, and self-esteem issues. While it offers information and opportunities, a balanced approach is crucial to prevent its negative effects and ensure it remains a tool for empowerment.

ABSTRACT Social multimedia (SM) platforms such as Instagram, LinkedIn, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter enable users to communicate, share ideas, and exchange information within virtual networks. The widespread use of multimedia‐based applications has led to a substantial increase in social media traffic, often containing sensitive personal and interaction data. These data are vulnerable to security threats, including identity theft and information misuse, highlighting the need for effective anomaly detection mechanisms. This research proposes an enhanced binary spotted hyena optimized dependent linear regression (EBSHO‐DLR) method to detect anomalies in SM networks, ensuring secure data transmission. The framework begins with collecting a Twitter dataset from India, followed by pre‐processing using Gaussian blur (GB) to filter anomalies and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) for feature extraction, removing irrelevant information. The proposed method integrates software‐defined networking (SDN) to provide dynamic, programmatically efficient network management, improving performance and monitoring compared to conventional approaches. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in detecting fraudulent activities such as identity theft, profile cloning, and unauthorized data collection. Key performance metrics include precision (96.7%) and accuracy (97.8%), confirming the robustness and reliability of the EBSHO‐DLR approach for securing social multimedia communication systems.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the growth and popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has soared owing to the facilitation of zero‐emission carbon for people commuting on the road, preserving the environment from air pollution and hazardous gases. However, uncertain EV energy demands and their dynamic arrival times impact the ancillary operations and stability of the charging station (CS). Thus, it becomes a challenging task to schedule EVs for charging with their dynamic charging prices, traveling time, and waiting time efficiently and optimally. Thus, we propose an optimal EV selection scheme for trustworthy charging by implementing the hybrid game theory. The hybrid game theory is bifurcated into stage 1 and stage 2, in which stage 1 includes a coalition game to generate EV clusters or coalitions based on the parameters of state‐of‐charge (SoC), energy demand, and penalty factor. Then, the trust values are determined to select the EV pair fairly. Furthermore, stage 2 highlights the zero‐sum game theory, which aims to optimize the payoff at saddle point and formulate strategies for EV pair (generated in stage 1), ensuring the optimal EV selection for trustworthy charging. Moreover, we have utilized the blockchain network to secure the EV optimal payoff by implementing smart contract in Remix Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The hybrid game theory ensures the optimal and efficient EV selection using coalition game to select EV pair then apply zero‐sum game to optimize the payoff at saddle point condition. Next, we implement the hybrid game theory in Python 3.9 to simulate the results with the help of various factors such as trust value comparison, profit comparison based on strategies, convergence comparison, and profit comparison with the traditional approach.

Aim & Background Recent research has documented that new bone can form in and around the dental implants placed after maxillary sinus floor elevation (SFE) without the use of bone grafts. This article reviews the existing literature on the SFE technique without the use of bone grafts to determine the extent of research on this topic. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the vertical bone gain and implant survival rates associated with the technique. Materials and Methods A review was conducted by searching the relevant articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main search engines were PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. We used special algorithms related to the keywords ‘maxillary sinus lift’ and ‘graftless’ to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the effectiveness of the graftless SFE with respect to implant survival and vertical bone gain. We included only RCTs that studied the graftless sinus lift technique related to implant survival rates and vertical bone gain, including both direct and indirect approaches to graftless SFE, and studies with at least 6 months of follow-up. Only English-language articles were considered. We excluded non-randomized studies and studies that did not report implant survival rates and vertical bone gain. Results Out of 429 articles, only ten RCTs involving 209 participants satisfied the inclusion criteria. Increased implant survival rates were demonstrated with the graftless procedure, using both direct and indirect approaches. Significant effectiveness in terms of endosinus bone gain (ESBG) using the graftless SFE technique was reported. The results were comparable to SFE with graft placement. Discussion Traditional approaches for the maxillary sinus floor augmentation have utilised the use of bone grafts. Regardless of the high success documented with these techniques, the use of bone grafts has several limitations, such as prolonged operating time and disease transmission. Additionally, the risk of complications and failures is common. Consequently, the graft-free SFE appears to be a valid minimally invasive alternative. Using this approach, most of the complications can be prevented or eliminated. Therefore, understanding this technique is essential for optimizing dental implantology practices. Conclusion Graftless SFE may be a viable technique for maxillary sinus floor augmentation. The utility of this technique lies in mitigating the complications associated with the grafting materials, thereby reducing the morbidity of the procedure and the cost burden. Future research with large RCTs using standardised methods and outcome measures is required to provide more robust evidence on the utility of this technique.

Background: The reconciliation of General Relativity with Quantum Mechanics remains the primary challenge in modern theoretical physics. Traditional approaches often assume a fixed background geometry, yet recent developments in string theory and loop quantum gravity suggest that spacetime is not fundamental but emergent. Specifically, the Holographic Principle implies that the information defining the bulk universe is encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary, raising the question of how a singular, classical reality arises from a quantum superposition of geometries. Purpose: This paper proposes a novel model of quantum cosmology where the observed spacetime is defined not as a pre-existing manifold, but as a macroscopic "ensemble average" of all possible spacetime fabrics. We aim to demonstrate that the perception of a unique physical reality is a result of holographic projection rather than intrinsic geometric properties. Methods: We utilize the AdS/CFT correspondence to model the universe as a holographic projection arising from a single, universal quantum state. By applying Feynman’s Path Integral formulation to the "superspace" of all possible metrics, we calculate the sum over histories for these geometric projections. We treat the emergence of classical spacetime as a process of constructive interference among infinite holographic realizations, filtering out unstable geometries through environmental decoherence.