Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital

Abstract Background Emergency physicians (EPs) experience impostor syndrome and burnout. This study assessed the incidences of burnout and impostor syndrome and their causative factors in Japanese EPs. Methods This cross-sectional study administered questionnaires to 34 Japanese emergency departments (EDs). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) scores, Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) scores, and their correlations with ED- and EP-level factors underwent a multivariable analysis. Results Of the 307 EPs (70.4%) participants 64 (20.8%), 69 (22.4%), and 197 (64.1%) had MBI-HSS scores that indicated a severe degree of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization, and personal accomplishment (PA), respectively; 34 (11.0%) EPs had severe scores for all three components. Regarding participant CIPS scores, 92 (29.9%) had a higher value than the cutoff. The multivariable analysis of MBI-HSS scores determined severe EE scores were associated with sleep periods (odds ratio [OR], 0.699; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.496–0.983; P = 0.040) and overnight work (OR, 2.375; 95% CI, 1.006–5.603; P = 0.048). Higher CIPS scores correlated with younger age (OR, 0.941; 95% CI, 0.894–0.991; P = 0.022), personal interviews (OR, 2.636; 95% CI, 1.308–5.312; P = 0.007), and overnight work (OR, 2.679; 95% CI, 1.048–6.851; P = 0.040). Conclusions A high level of burnout was experienced by 11.0% of the participants. Although Japanese EPs more severe scores for PA than EPs in other countries, their CIPS scores were similar. To maintain the well-being of Japanese EPs, ED supervisors should consider supporting younger specialists, interviewing effectively, providing adequate sleep periods, and improving overnight work settings.

A strong association exists between sleep duration and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet convincing evidence of a causal link remains lacking. Improving sleep is increasingly emphasized in clinical T2D treatment guidance, highlighting the need for effective, scalable sleep interventions that can affordably serve large populations through mobile health (mHealth). This study aims to pilot an intervention that extends sleep duration by modifying bedtime behavior, assessing its efficacy among short-sleeping (≤6 hours per night) patients with T2D, and establishing robust evidence that extending sleep improves glycemic control. This randomized, single-blinded, multicenter study targets 70 patients with T2D from 9 institutions in Japan over a 12-week intervention period. The sleep extension intervention, BedTime, is developed using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and focuses on TPB's constructs of perceived and actual behavioral control (ABC). The pilot intervention combines wearable actigraphy devices with SMS text messaging managed by human operators. Both the intervention and control groups will use an actigraphy device to record bedtime, sleep duration, and step count, while time in bed (TIB) will be assessed via sleep diaries. In addition, the intervention group will receive weekly bedtime goals, daily feedback on their bedtime performance relative to those goals, identify personal barriers to an earlier bedtime, and select strategies to overcome these barriers. The 12-week intervention period will be followed by a 12-week observational period to assess the sustainability of the intervention's effects. The primary outcome is the between-group difference in the change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include other health measures, sleep metrics (bedtime, TIB, sleep duration, total sleep time, and sleep quality), behavioral changes, and assessments of the intervention's usability. The trial commenced on February 8, 2024, and is expected to conclude in February 2025. Patient recruitment ended on August 29, 2024, with 70 participants enrolled. The intervention period concluded on December 6, 2024, and the observation period ended on February 26, 2025, with 70 participants completing the observation period. The data analysis is currently underway, and results are expected to be published in July 2025. This trial will provide important evidence on the causal link between increased sleep duration and improved glycemic control in short-sleeping patients with T2D. It will also evaluate the efficacy of our bedtime behavior change intervention in extending sleep duration, initially piloted with human operators, with the goal of future implementation via an mHealth smartphone app. If proven effective, this intervention could be a key step toward integrating sleep-focused mHealth into the standard treatment for patients with T2D in Japan. Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCT1030230650; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCT1030230650. DERR1-10.2196/64023.

The benefit of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors remains unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with poor performance status (PS). In the current multi-centre retrospective cohort study, advanced or recurrent NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were enrolled. Of the 219 patients enrolled, 44 had PS 2–4. The objective response rate (ORR) of patients with PS 2–4 in 1st line was 33%. Among 1st line group, median progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with PS 2 was significantly longer compared to that in patients with PS 3–4 (15.3 months vs. 0.9 months, P = 0.039, Log-rank test). Among previously treated patients, the ORR of patients with PS 2–4 was only 4%, and PFS and overall survival was poor even in patients with PS 2. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can be an option for PS 2 NSCLC patients in 1st line setting.

Hand use recovery after a distal radius fracture (DRF) depends on whether the injured hand is dominant or not, which can affect laterality and influence functional outcomes. This study aimed to investigate how the injured side impacts changes in laterality and its relationship to functional outcome, aiming to contribute to the development of future hand therapy strategies. Patients with DRF were prospectively recruited. Triaxial accelerometers were wrist-mounted to collect data at 1, 4, 8, and 12weeks postoperatively and examine the laterality index (LI), total hand use time, and total vector magnitude. Correlations between LI and functional outcomes were assessed at each time point. 42 patients participated in this study. Among them, 19 and 23 had injured dominant (DI) and injured non-dominant (non-DI) hands, respectively. The LI showed a faster restoration of symmetry in the DI group than in the non-DI group at 8 and 12weeks postoperatively. Moderate correlations between LI and functional outcomes were observed in wrist joints and grip strength in the DI and non-DI groups, respectively, at all time points. The change in LI in the DI group was considered recovery, as it was identical to the symmetry observed in healthy adults. Additionally, the non-DI group was considered to have adapted to a pattern of predominant use of the dominant hand. The correlation between LI and some functional outcomes appeared to depend on hand use patterns, specifically whether the injured hand was dominant or not. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring interventions.

BackgroundProtein-energy wasting (PEW), a unique weight loss linked to nutritional and metabolic abnormalities, is common in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and associated with adverse outcomes. This study investigated whether extended-hours HD combined with a liberalized diet could overcome PEW and improve survival.MethodsThe body mass index (BMI) and survival outcomes in patients undergoing extended-hours HD were evaluated for up to 8 years using data from the LIBeralized diet Extended-houRs hemodialysis Therapy (LIBERTY) cohort. Extended-hours HD was defined as weekly dialysis length ≥ 18 h.ResultsThe LIBERTY cohort included 402 patients who initiated extended-hours HD. An increase in the length and frequency of HD sessions was observed over time, with approximately 70% and 20% of patients undergoing extended-hours HD for > 21 h/week and > 3 sessions/week at 5 years, respectively. The BMI and percentage creatinine generation rate were maintained over time, with no substantial increase in the phosphorus and potassium levels. The estimated BMI initially increased, and thereafter plateaued over time in patients with a baseline BMI < 25 kg/m2, whereas it decreased gradually in patients with a baseline BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 after several years from baseline. Ninety-one patients died, and 108 discontinued extended-hours HD during the median follow-up period of 6.2 years (interquartile range, 3.5–8.0), yielding a 5-year survival rate of 85%.ConclusionsExtended-hours HD with a liberalized diet may help achieve favorable survival outcomes and maintain nutritional status. Thus, it is a promising treatment option for managing PEW in patients undergoing HD.

Treating vertebral artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery (VA-PICA) aneurysms poses challenges because of their complex anatomy. Although endovascular treatment is commonly preferred, direct surgery offers better recovery prospects than endovascular surgery aided by bypass techniques. We present a VA-PICA aneurysm case treated with VA internal trapping, using a PICA-to-PICA bypass without direct clipping. A 64-year-old man presented withcomplaints of severe headache and was diagnosed with a right VA-PICA wide neck aneurysm. The PICA originated from the neck of the aneurysm. We consulted an endovascular surgeon and opted for direct clipping via the transcondylar fossa approach. During surgery, we secured and followed the right VA, identified the PICA origin, and observed the proximal neck of the aneurysm. However, securing the distal VA was challenging because the dissector was inaccessible. Instead of direct clipping, a PICA-to-PICA bypass was selected following internal trapping. After anastomosis, the proximal PICA was occluded, whereas the small perforating artery was preserved. The next day, internal trapping of the right VA was performed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, except for mild dysphagia. Head magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small infarction on the right medulla. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography revealed perfect PICA-to-PICA bypass patency. The patient was subsequently transferred to a rehabilitation hospital. The patient had no neurological symptoms at the six-month follow-up (Modified Rankin Score = 0). The preoperative feasibility of direct clipping of complex PICA aneurysms while preserving PICA is unpredictable. Various bypass methods, including the PICA-to-PICA bypass, are potential treatment options for complicated VA-PICA aneurysms.

This study aimed to examine the effects of intradialytic exercise (IDE) on improving activities of daily living (ADL) and physical function in hospitalized hemodialysis (HD) patients. The research question focused on improving outcomes in ADL and physical function. This study is a single-center, historical cohort study. Subjects were hospitalized HD patients undergoing rehabilitation between April 2017 and February 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: the IDE group, which received IDE, and the non-IDE group, which did not. The outcomes measured were Barthel Index (BI), grip strength, isometric knee extension strength (IKES), 10-meter walking speed (10MWS), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Outcome measures were taken at admission and discharge, and changes were analyzed using a linear mixed model. The study included 76 participants (IDE group: 13, non-IDE group: 63). The IDE group showed significant improvements in ΔBI (13.7 [0.96-26.38] points) and Δ10MWS (0.25 [0.05-0.45] m/sec) (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in ΔGrip strength (2.10 [-0.40 to 4.60] kg), ΔIKES (7.40 [-2.20 to 17.02] %), or ΔSPPB (1.23 [-0.48 to 2.94] points) (p > 0.05). However, the IDE group showed significant pre-post improvements in grip strength (1.55 [1.46-1.65] kg) and SPPB (2.44 [1.34-3.55] points) (p < 0.05). IDE contributed to greater improvements in BI and 10MWS in HD patients. These findings suggest that adding IDE to inpatient rehabilitation may enhance functional recovery in this population.

Adenylate cyclase family members have recently received attention as novel therapeutic targets. However, the significance of adenylate cyclase 9 (ADCY9) in breast cancer has not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated ADCY9 expression in breast cancer (BC) cell lines, and polymerase chain reaction array analysis was performed to determine the correlations between ADCY9 expression levels and 84 tumor-associated genes. The association of ADCY9 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in clinical breast cancer specimens with patients' clinicopathological factors and prognosis was evaluated. The database of cancer cell line showed that estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive cells expressed higher ADCY9 mRNA levels. ADCY9 expression showed positive correlations with several oncogenes, such as TGFB1, CDKN1A, and BAX in the polymerase chain reaction array analysis. We defined the ratio of ADCY9 mRNA expression levels in breast cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissues as the "C/N ratio". Among 149 patients with BC, estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive patients exhibited higher C/N ratios than estrogen receptor-negative and progesterone receptor-negative patients, respectively. Patients in the lowest C/N ratio quartile experienced shorter prognosis periods. The C/N ratio of ADCY9 was found as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Thus, ADCY9 expression is high in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, and its low expression indicates a poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.