Nam Dinh University of Nursing

BACKGROUNDHospitalization and intravenous (IV) procedures are known to provoke significant pain and anxiety in preschool children, potentially leading to long-term psychological distress. Despite growing evidence supporting distraction techniques, practical, low-cost interventions suited for resource-limited settings remain underutilized.AIMTo determine the effectiveness of a nurse-led multimodal distraction intervention – comprising balloon blowing, art therapy, and kaleidoscope use – in reducing pain and anxiety during IV therapy among hospitalized preschool children.METHODSA posttest-only controlled observational study was conducted at Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital, India. A total of 600 hospitalized preschoolers (aged 3-6 years) were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (n = 300; distraction intervention) or control group (n = 300; routine care). Pain was measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and anxiety was assessed using the Visual Analogue Anxiety Scale. The distraction intervention included daily 5-minute sessions: (1) Pre-procedure familiarization (balloon/art); (2) Intra-procedure distraction (kaleidoscope and balloon blowing); and (3) Post-procedure relaxation. Outcomes were evaluated on day 3. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and correlation analysis.RESULTSChildren in the experimental group had significantly lower pain scores [mean ± SD (3.07 ± 1.39)] than the control group (8.80 ± 1.01) (t = 58.56, P < 0.00001). Anxiety levels were also reduced in the experimental group (5.85 ± 1.56 mm) compared to controls (9.39 ± 0.73 mm) (t = 35.55, P < 0.00001). A moderate positive correlation was found between pain and anxiety in both groups (experimental: r = 0.67; control: r = 0.66; P < 0.05). Significant associations were also found between pain levels and variables such as age, IV site, cannula size, and medication type (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that a simple, low-cost, nurse-led multimodal distraction strategy can significantly reduce pain and anxiety in preschool children undergoing IV therapy. Its ease of use and scalability make it highly suitable for immediate integration into pediatric care, especially in low-resource healthcare settings.

Background: Malnutrition, overweight, and obesity are growing issues among primary school-aged children in Vietnam, with rising rates of obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors, highlighting the need for effective nutrition education programs. Therefore, the study aims to examine the effectiveness of nutrition education on the eating behavior and anthropometric indices among students at two primary schools, in Nam Dinh city, Vietnam in 2024. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 600 students (300 in the intervention group and 300 in the control group), aged 6-11, at two primary schools in Nam Dinh city. A nutrition education program, led by trained teachers, was implemented over two months, with 7–15- minute sessions each week during class activities, science lessons, and lunch breaks. Additionally, before mealtimes, the homeroom teacher guides the children on food choices and dishes, encourages them to eat vegetables, enjoy a variety of foods, and limit unhealthy options. Data on eating behavior and anthropometric index were collected at baseline and two months after the intervention. Results: After the 2- month intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement in the nutritional practices of participants in the intervention group compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found in anthropometric indices (Weight and Height) between the two groups at both pre- and post-intervention time points (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The school-based nutrition education program was effective in improving students' eating behavior. Schools should implement and expand nutrition education programs to promote healthier eating behaviors among students.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in knowledge regarding antibiotic use among mothers of children with acute respiratory infections treated at Ha Dong General Hospital after a health education intervention. Methods: An educational intervention study was conducted on 145 mothers of children with ARIs at Ha Dong General Hospital from February to May 2025. Data were collected using a validated assessment tool for maternal knowledge on antibiotic use, which demonstrated a strong Content Validity Index (CVI = 0.86) and high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.945). Results: Before intervention, maternal knowledge was notably limited, with only 33.1% of participants demonstrating adequate general knowledge about antibiotic use. After intervention, this proportion significantly increased to 100% at both post-intervention assessments (T2 and T3). The mean score for general antibiotic knowledge improved from a baseline of 14.41 ± 1.39 (T1) to 18.81 ± 0.49 immediately post-intervention (T2), and this high level of knowledge was sustained prior to discharge at 18.71 ± 0.58 (T3), with statistically significant p &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: Maternal knowledge regarding antibiotic use was initially inadequate but showed marked and sustained improvement following the health education intervention (p &lt; 0.05). Nurses should proactively educate and regularly verify mothers’ understanding of antibiotic administration throughout the clinical care process.

Abstract The electronic, magnetic and optical properties of N-doped WSe2 monolayers upon adsorption of glucose, dopamine and uric acid molecules are systematically investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The pristine N-doped WSe2 monolayer exhibits only trace magnetization. Molecular adsorption slightly modifies this behaviour, with magnetization enhanced by glucose and uric acid, while remaining nearly unchanged with dopamine. In contrast, adsorption strongly influences the electronic band structure and optical characteristics, as confirmed by density of states, charge density differences, and optical spectra. These findings highlight the potential of N-doped WSe2 monolayers for applications in biosensing, biomedical devices, pharmaceutical detection and nanoelectronics.

The demand for high-resolution ultrasound imaging is increasing, particularly in medical diagnostics, where the number of measurements is often limited due to physical and technical constraints. Ultrasonic tomography, based on linearizing the inverse acoustic scattering problem, enables the detection of small variations in a reference medium. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel combination of resolution-jumping and beamforming techniques. The resolution-jumping approach progressively refines reconstruction accuracy by leveraging coarse-to-fine information, improving performance under limited measurement conditions. Simultaneously, beamforming employs multiple transmitting elements to generate a narrow beam, effectively reducing noise and enhancing structural detail recovery. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves reconstruction quality while considerably reducing processing time, making it well-suited for real-time, high-resolution ultrasound imaging applications.

In future colliders, the frontiers of luminosity and energy are extended to explore the physics of elementary particles at extremely high precision, and to discover new phenomena suggested from current experimental anomalies. In this letter, we present a method to estimate the expected statistical uncertainties of scattering cross-sections at future colliders using their conceptual design reports. In particular, the expected statistical uncertainties of muon pair production cross-section at the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) and the Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) are calculated. The results can be used to set a goal for systematic uncertainty improvement, to determine the standard model parameters accurately, and to identify the viable parameter space of new physics models. This method is applicable to physical processes with relatively small cross-sections compared to the total inclusive cross-section.

Vietnam has one of the highest hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rates, with approximately 8 million people affected. Although antiviral drug resistance mutations have been reported in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B, there is limited data on primary drug resistance mutations in circulating genotypes within this population. This study aimed to investigate primary antiviral drug resistance mutations and common HBV genotypes in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B, particularly in cases without well-characterized resistance profiles. A cross-sectional study. We analyzed HBV genotypes and antiviral drug resistance mutations in 113 treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B in the Yenphong Medical Center, Bacninh Vietnam. The reverse transcriptase (RT) region of the HBV polymerase genes was sequenced to detect mutations. Genotypes B, C, and G were identified in 85.0% (96/133), 14.1% (16/133), and 0.9% (1/133) of treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B, respectively. Mutations in the RT region associated with antiviral drug resistance were detected in 32.7% (37/113) of patients. In addition, the most frequent resistance mutations were rtV207M (89.2%, 33/37), followed by A194T, L180M + M204V, V173L + M204I + L80I, and A181T + V207M + A181T, each observed in 2.7% (1/37). Notably, no significant associations were found between resistance mutations and HBV genotype, gender, age, hepatitis B e-antigen status, baseline HBV DNA levels, or level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase. This study highlights the presence of primary resistance mutations in treatment-naïve patients and underscores the importance of genotypic screening prior to initiating therapy. These findings may inform treatment strategies and help reduce the risk of treatment failure, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.