Napa Valley College

Children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), a group of over 400 conditions characterized by congenital joint contractures, present with a wide range of gross motor functioning and mobility due to the heterogeneity of underlying diagnoses and physical involvement. Existing classification systems for AMC focus primarily on etiology and anatomical distribution but do not describe differences in gross motor functioning. In contrast, condition-specific functional classification systems have improved communication, treatment planning, and research by stratifying individuals based on functional ability. To date, no such classification system exists for AMC. This study aims to co-develop and evaluate the Gross Motor Functional Classification for Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (GMFC-AMC), a condition-specific tool to support clinical and research needs. This multi-phase study involves stakeholders with lived and professional experience in AMC from multiple countries. Phase 1 includes the initial drafting of the GMFC-AMC by an expert panel. In Phase 2, nominal group techniques are used to refine the draft. Phase 3 employs Delphi surveys to achieve international consensus on relevance, clarity, and comprehensibility. In Phase 4, the GMFC-AMC is translated and culturally adapted into French and Spanish following a structured cross-cultural adaptation process. Finally, Phase 5 evaluates reliability and construct validity across three languages. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability will be examined using video ratings of children with AMC. Construct validity will be assessed through correlations with established measures, including the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory – Computer Adaptive Test. The GMFC-AMC will address a critical gap in functional classification for children and youth with AMC by providing a standardized language for describing gross motor functioning. By engaging international stakeholders throughout the development process and ensuring rigorous testing of its psychometric properties, the GMFC-AMC is expected to be a reliable, valid, and meaningful tool across diverse clinical and cultural contexts. This classification will facilitate clearer communication, improve care planning, and enable stratification for future longitudinal and interventional studies in AMC populations. Clinical trial number not applicable.

Women comprise approximately 40% of the global workforce, and many women continue to work during pregnancy. Although occupational exposure limit values (OELVs) are intended to protect all workers, many OELVs may have been established without consideration of the unique changes in pregnant workers, and many chemicals lack OELVs altogether. A short educational course was developed to address the informational needs of health professionals who have responsibility to ensure a safe workplace for pregnant employees. The course was designed to raise awareness of the key elements in risk management and their application to the pregnant worker, such as physiological changes of pregnancy that influence susceptibility to exposures; guidance for nonclinical data interpretation; exposure assessment and control strategies; and risk management in practice in a diverse regulatory environment. This paper summarizes the course content and is intended to support informed risk management decision making to protect the health of pregnant workers and their offspring.

Wine grape production (Vitis sp.) in the United States requires fungicide inputs for disease control. Currently, there is limited data available on vineyard fungicide use patterns. This information is important in developing tailored recommendations for disease management and fungicide stewardship. In this paper, we summarize the wine grape vineyard fungicide use patterns from four major regions: Napa and Sonoma valleys (California), Willamette Valley (Oregon), Columbia Valley (Washington), and several smaller regions east of the Mississippi River in years 2009 to 2020. We learned that the average in-season total fungicide applications ranged regionally from 5.6 to 8. The most commonly applied Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) codes in spray programs were FRAC 3, 13, and M02 across all regions, with some variation to the top four groups in each region. Most applications were made on 14-day intervals; however, shorter intervals (7-day) were favored early season, and longer intervals (21-day) were favored late season. Tank-mixing multiple active ingredients was common east of the Mississippi River during all stages of grape development; this action was typically favored during the bloom period in other regions. In a subset of records that participated in FRAC 11 fungicide resistance testing, the average number of FRAC 11 applications after testing was reduced to either no applications or one application in Napa and Sonoma valleys. This survey provides regionally specific data related to fungicide stewardship practices that could be a focus for future stewardship messaging and fungicide resistance selection training, including total product use (selection events), spray intervals (selection pressure), and tank mixing (selection management).[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

As famous as anything ever written about the human condition are the words of the apostle Paul in his first letter to the Corinthians (13:13 NRSV): “And now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; and the greatest of these is love.” These words have been studied and expounded upon countless times since they were penned in the first century, but like all words of timeless wisdom, their depths remain bottomless. It was into these depths that we plunged for a three-year series, from 2015 to 2018, in the Boston University Institute for Philosophy and Religion, and the essays collected here are the fruits of that endeavor. Our efforts were richly rewarded, both in the lecture series where early versions of these essays were delivered before the public, and in the graduate seminars that accompanied them.

<div>Child care standards in both the United States and Canada are in large measure based upon those set out in the document of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) entitled Developmentally Appropriate Practice in early childhood education programs (DAP; Bredekamp & Copple, 1997). This document is intended for "administrators, teachers, parents, policy makers, and others who make decisions about the care and education of young children" (p. 3). The principles of DAP and their alleged knowledge base shape the ways child care is delivered in North America in broad areas from legislation to teacher training to teacher-child interaction. The revised edition of this document (1997) is motivated, in part, by a recognition of the increasing cultural, racial, and linguistic diversity in the child and family population. The previous edition (Bredekamp, 1987) had discussed cultural context as part of individual differences but did not focus on the effects of context.</div>

To the Editor The field of pain medicine has experienced vast growth and innovation over the past decade. Yet, similar to other areas of medicine there remains an opportunity and need to increase diversity and inclusion. In addition, we must consider the role of intersectionality: the interplay of

Grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD) is a recently identified viral disease that affects grapevines. GRBD has been shown to impact grapevine physiology and grape composition by altering specific ripening events. However, no studies have been reported on the impact of GRBD on wine composition and its sensory attributes. This study evaluated the impact of GRBD on wine primary and secondary metabolites, in addition to its sensory properties, when making wines from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes during two seasons. Wines made with GRBD-impacted fruit were lower in ethanol content when compared to wines made with grapes from healthy grapevines. This was attributed to the lower total soluble sugar (TSS) levels of diseased grapes due to delayed ripening at harvest. GRBD impacted wine phenolic composition by decreasing anthocyanin concentrations and increasing flavonol concentrations in some instances. Additionally, proanthocyanidin concentrations were also consistently higher in GRBD wines compared to wines made from healthy fruit. Descriptive analysis demonstrated that GRBD can impact wine style by altering aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel attributes. However, the extent of GRBD impact on wine composition and sensory properties were site and season dependent.