National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre

Andaliman is a species found in the Lake Toba region of North Sumatra, Indonesia. To determine its optimal harvest time and the length of its physiological maturity, it is necessary to observe fruit development in new locations outside its natural habitat. Andaliman seeds are known for their low germination rates and are classified as endospermic seeds. This study aims to analyze the stages of fruit and seed development, evaluate the effects of seed treatments, and identify the most effective germination test methods for andaliman seeds. Seeds were treated with a 50% H2SO4 solution for 15 min and with a 200 ppm GA3 + 100 ppm kinetin solution for 48 hr. The seeds were then tested using pleated paper and top paper media to assess germination response. Changes in fruit coloration indicated various stages of development: intense yellowish-green at 17 weeks after anthesis, deep yellowish-green at 20 weeks, deep red at 23 weeks, and dark greyish-yellowish-brown at 26 weeks. During development, some fruits experienced embryo abortion, resulting in many empty or wrinkled seeds. The seeds reached physiological maturity at 23 weeks after anthesis, as indicated by a deep red fruit color, increased seed dry weight, and enhanced germination and seed growth rates. The treatment with GA3 and kinetin yielded the highest germination rate of 20%, with the pleated paper method proving to be the most effective for germination testing.

Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest Islamic organisation in Indonesia, historically has been associated with rural-based traditionalism. Nevertheless, recent developments indicate a discernible ideological shift towards a modern-traditional synthesis. The article employs a critical juncture framework to investigate the trans-regional dynamics that have shaped NU's evolving identity. The study resulted in three key findings. Firstly, it is evident that NU's traditionalist foundations have, since its inception, been influenced by trans-regional Islamic thought. This has served to challenge the static view of its traditionalism. Secondly, the process of globalization, which has been accelerated by technological advancements and cross-border exchanges, has intensified the impact of these external influences. Thirdly, the increasing prevalence of nationally educated NU cadres, many of whom have pursued their studies at international institutions, has led to the integration of trans-regional discourses within the leadership and intellectual framework of the NU. These individuals have played a pivotal role in redefining the organisation's ideological trajectory, forging a modern-traditional character that reflects both continuity and transformation within Indonesian Islam.

The fauna of Lake Hévíz is unique due to its status as the world's only natural warm-water medicinal lake with a peat bed. A population of dwarf common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio morpha hungaricus) forms an isolated, self-sustaining community in the lake, adapted to extreme thermal and chemical conditions. During continuous research conducted since 2007, we identified a hermaphroditic individual for the first-time following sampling during the winter period in 2024. Macroscopic examination revealed testicular tissue distinguishable from ovarian tissue. Histological analysis indicated that the small-bodied fish were in a pre-spawning phase, with gonads displaying traits of simultaneous hermaphroditism. In addition was capable of producing mature eggs and sperm concurrently. According to both literature and our experimental findings, this individual may have been capable of self-fertilization. Further investigation is required to ascertain whether specific or combined suboptimal environmental factors and/or endocrine-disrupting chemicals contributed to the emergence of hermaphroditism in this individual.

BackgroundYouTube is one of the most widely-used social media platforms and has become a key source of nutritional information for athletes. Both experts and nonexperts use it as an educational tool; however, videos created by nonexperts are more popular among viewers. As social media sources can influence athletes' nutritional knowledge, it is essential that reliable nutritional information reaches them.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the key nutritional information and communication methods used in popular sports nutrition videos on YouTube.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on YouTube to select videos that met the following criteria: English language, sports nutrition-related content, available audio, free access, 4–20 min in length, and classified as informational or educational. Qualitative content analysis was performed to examine video content, and formal concept analysis was applied to determine the structure of associations among communication methods, sports nutrition themes, and presenter expertise. A total of 114 YouTube videos met the inclusion criteria.ResultsFour themes emerged regarding sports nutrition messages: the function of nutrition in sports, know-how, dietary strategies, and developing a dietary framework. We identified four themes in the methods used to convey these messages: language features, content delivery methods, appearing connected to the audience, and establishing credibility. The analysis revealed distinct differences in communication approaches between experts and nonexperts. Expert videos often lacked the communication techniques that nonexperts used to build trust and connect with viewers.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the key sports nutrition information and the characteristics of communication features in sports nutrition YouTube videos. The differences in communication methods between experts and nonexperts underscore the need for more effective strategies from experts to engage athletes and build trust. Collaboration between experts and nonexperts could help improve the quality and credibility of online content.

A kutatás célja a zsombékos élőhelyek morfológiai és vegetációs jellemzőinek összehasonlító vizsgálata volt két eltérő kezelési mód (zavarásmentes vs. kaszált-legeltetett) mellett, egy szolonyec talajú tiszántúli szikes gyepterületen. A mintavételezés során kvadrátos botanikai felvételezést, zsombékmorfológiai méréseket, valamint talajhőmérséklet- és nedvességvizsgálatot végeztünk. A zavarásmentes területen a zsombékok szignifikánsan nagyobb méretűek voltak, míg a kaszált-legeltetett területen kisebb, de sűrűbb állomány jellemezte az élőhelyet. A zsombékok közötti térben a talajnedvesség a bolygatatlan élőhelyen szignifikánsan magasabbnak bizonyult, így a talajhőmérsékletben nem mutatkozott szignifikáns különbség. A fajok borítási értékeivel súlyozott Borhidi-féle ökológiai mutatók (WB, NB, SBT) szerint a zavarásmentes területek növényzete természetközelibb, vízigényesebb és kompetitívebb fajokból állt, míg a kaszált élőhelyeken fokozott ruderalizáció és magasabb nitrogénigény volt tapasztalható. A degradációs fok (DF) értéke a zavarásmentes élőhelyen 13,4%, a kaszált területen pedig 35,4% volt. Az eredmények rámutatnak arra, hogy a zsombékos élőhelyek ökológiai állapota érzékenyen reagál a kezelési módra, ezért természetességük megőrzése érdekében mozaikos, differenciált élőhelykezelés javasolt.

A Kárpát-medence számottevő részét borító eurázsiai erdőssztyep meghatározó, gyep takarmánybázisra alapozott állattenyésztésnek adott otthont még pár évtizede is. A 21. században a folyamatosan csökkenő legeltetett állatlétszám és a természetvédelmi célú gyephasznosítás korlátozott támogatása eredményeként növekszik a gyepgazdálkodással hasznosított, mára felhagyott gyepek területe. Ugyanakkor a munkaerőhiány kezelésére létesített legelőkertekben a túllegeltetés kopárosodást okoz. Kutatásunkban egy külterjesen művelt, természetközeli gyep diverzitásának és fajösszetételének változását követtük nyomon különböző hasznosítási módok mellett. Alföldi cickafarkos-füves puszta és ecsetpázsitos sziki rét közötti átmenti gyeptársulású legelőn 2009-ben elindított kísérletben az alkalmazott kezelések a következők voltak: zéró hasznosítású gyep, kaszálás, réthasznosítás (kaszálás és sarjú legeltetés juhokkal), valamint túllegeltetés. A 11 évet felölelő kísérleti időszak utolsó 4 évében, 2017–2020 között folytattuk a vizsgálatokat. Évente egyszer fitocönológiai felmérést végeztünk, rögzítve a növényfajok borítását. Eredményeink szerint a Shannon-diverzitás a túllegeltetett és a réthasznosítású területen jelentősen magasabb volt, mint a zéró hasznosítású vagy kaszált gyepekben, ami elsősorban a fajszámok különbségének tulajdonítható. A réthasznosítású terület volt a legfajgazdagabb 29 növényfajjal a vizsgálat 4 éve alatt, míg a legfajszegényebb a zéró hasznosítású gyep volt, 2017-ben mindössze 6 fajjal. Az egyenletesség értékei kevésbé tértek el egymástól a különböző kezelésekben. A vizsgálat 4 éve alatt nem változott számottevően a Shannon-diverzitás értéke adott gyephasznosításon belül. A kaszáló és a zéró hasznosítású területeken magasabb volt a füvek részesedése a fajszámból és az összborításból, mint a réthasznosítású vagy a túllegeltetett kezelésekben. A kaszáló és a rét kezelésekben domináns szálfű Alopecurus pratenis borítása a túllegeltetett gyepben 10% alá csökkent. A legelés intenzitásának növekedésével az aljfű Festuca pseudovina előretörése figyelhető meg. A zéró hasznosítás esetén a Rosa canina okoz cserjésedést. Az egyéves Hordeum murinum kizárólag a túllegeltetett kezelésnél jelent meg, és borítása 13,5%-ról 22,9%-ra nőtt 2017 és 2020 között, ami már jelentős juhegészségügyi kockázatot jelenthet. Kutatómunkánk eredményei alapján a vizsgált élőhelyhez hasonló éghajlati és talajadottságok mellett leginkább a réthasznosítási gyepgazdálkodási gyakorlat képes megőrizni a természetközeli gyepasszociációk eredeti fajdiverzitását.

The global prevalence of junk and nonorganic foods has made it increasingly difficult to find sustainable organic food options, despite their potential health benefits. This issue is exacerbated by factors such as production scarcity, climate change, and the widespread availability and affordability of junk food. Additionally, there is a lack of research and attention toward orphan crops, which have high nutritional value and significant health benefits, resulting in food and nutrition insecurity. One such underutilized crop is teff, a small grain cereal grown in Eritrea that is highly nutritious, resilient to climate variability, gluten‐free, and rich in dietary fiber. Teff requires low agricultural input, making it a superfood for humans and a valuable animal feed source. The lack of scientific research on teff’s agronomic characteristics, yield potentials, and nutritional benefits hinders its global recognition and distribution. To address this, the Addey Agricultural and Food Cooperative Research and Development team has reviewed existing scientific knowledge on teff. This review covers the botanical description, origin, production, climatic and soil requirements, agronomic practices, and improvement techniques of teff. Also, we explore teff’s nutritional and phytochemical composition, potential health benefits, and use as animal feed. The review highlights teff’s global potential and identifies gaps in current farming practices, recommending modern, technology‐based methods for sustainable production and productivity.

The global energy crisis has affected energy markets and policies around the world. In addition, the issue of global warming requires the world to switch to clean energy sources. The Indonesian government has committed to switching from fossil energy subsidies to renewable energy to achieve Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2060 or sooner. The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) established the Energy and Manufacturing Research Organization (OREM) to support the NZE program. One of OREM's initiatives is the Call For Joint Collaboration (CFJC) which provides an opportunity for researchers to propose research proposals in various energy fields. However, the assessment of the CFJC proposal has not used scientific methods or criteria so that the results of the proposal evaluation are not optimal yet. Therefore, this study proposes optimization of evaluation criteria using the Patton-Sawicki Framework to determine the qualified proposal to be accepted. The research uses a qualitative approach method using CFJC proposal data on OREM in 2023. The results show that the proposed method is able to improve the quality of the proposal evaluation process by only accepting proposals that meet the requirements to support the development of NRE sector in Indonesia.

During the course of two independent studies conducted in Hungary and Spain, four conspecific yeast strains were isolated from flowers of different plant species. DNA sequences of two barcoding regions, the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2), revealed that the four strains represent an undescribed Vishniacozyma (family Bulleribasidiaceae, Basidiomycota) species. In terms of pairwise sequence similarities and according to our phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated DNA sequences of the ITS region and the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene, the undescribed species is most closely related to Vishniacozyma melezitolytica, a yeast species of phylloplane origin. The novel species differs from the type strain of V. melezitolytica by 8 substitutions and 3 insertion/deletion (indels) and 11 substitutions and 5 indels along the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and the ITS region, respectively. In addition to the DNA sequence divergences, the two species differ in some physiological characters as well. We propose the species Vishniacozyma floricola sp. nov. to accommodate the above-noted strains (holotype, NCAIM Y.02320; isotype, CBS 18939; MycoBank number, 856028).