National Open University

Purpose This study aims to expand the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by incorporating place attachment as a mediating variable and word-of-mouth (WOM) as a moderating variable and utilizing a mediation–moderation analytical framework to explore tourists’ behavioral intention in marine leisure contexts. Design/methodology/approach This study used anonymous questionnaires and face-to-face data collection as the main survey methods and investigated water sports and marine leisure activities to explore visitors’ views when they participated in marine recreational activities. First, we used JASP to analyze the confirmatory factor analyses with all measures to determine whether the hypothesized construct model fit the data well. Second, structural equation modeling was utilized to explore the interactions of the latent variables in relation to the mediating effects. Findings This research identifies and confirms the important mediating role of place attachment and destination image in the TPB model. Additionally, considering the prevalence of internet technology, this study introduces word-of-mouth (WOM) as a moderating effect, confirming its important reinforcing function in place attachment, destination image and behavioral intention. Practical implications Practically, tourism managers should design experiential interventions – such as storytelling tours, marine heritage events or ecologically themed festivals – that cultivate emotional connection (place attachment) while reinforcing positive destination imagery. This alignment of emotional branding with tourists’ behavioral triggers informed by the TPB offers a strategic roadmap for increasing loyalty, revisit intention and social sharing behaviors, especially through WOM amplification. Originality/value The findings confirm and extend the TPB framework by demonstrating that emotional constructs, specifically place attachment, mediate the influence of TPB variables (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) on behavioral intention. The findings suggest that rational decision-making models can be enhanced by incorporating affective bonds to better predict behavior, aligning with recent theoretical advancements that emphasize integrated emotion–cognition models.

We employed the classical water-budget equation to analyze the trends in water budget within the Beas River basin during 1991-2020, against the background of warming temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. It was observed that the water balance in the Upper Beas River Basin consistently remains positive throughout the year, while the Lower Beas River Basin shows a positive water balance, especially during the months of July and August each year. Precipitation during the monsoon season is the key factor affecting river runoff and surface water availability in the basin. The availability of water in the Beas river basin is a function of the annual precipitation and glacial melt. The amount of precipitation plays the dominating role in water balance. Nonetheless, additional factors such as temperature, evapotranspiration, vegetation cover, slope, relief features, agricultural practices, and domestic use also play a role in the region's water balance.

This study evaluates the transformative impact of the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) on rural youth in Gujarat, focusing on vocational skill enhancement and employability. Employing a robust mixed-methods approach grounded in the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model, this research dives deeper into the nuanced effects of gender, educational background, and Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) on the effectiveness of skill development initiatives. Quantitative data from over 500 beneficiaries and qualitative insights through in-depth interviews reveal critical success factors and areas for improvement, underscoring the scheme's pivotal role in bridging the rural-urban skill gap. This comprehensive analysis not only affirms the positive outcomes of the DDU-GKY initiative but also identifies key leverage points for policymakers and practitioners to enhance vocational training programs in Gujarat and similar contexts.

Abstract The environment has been deteriorating, due to global warming, deforestation and pollution which have been happening increasingly often. As a result, green behavior has become increasingly important, and people are more aware of the environment and are conscious of the need to change their behaviour in order to protect the environment. This study investigated the factors influencing green living behaviours of students in Hanoi andd the level of their environmental awareness including family, university, and social environmental related factors. Quantitative research using a purposive sampling technique was undertaken on 1295 students who were studying in eight universities in Hanoi, Vietnam. The data was collected through online surveys which were posted on social media platforms. The data was analysed using PLS SEM (Partial Least Square, Structural Equation Modelling) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4.0.9.2 software. The research results not only disclose which family, university and social environmental factors have positive and direct effects on green living behaviours, but also provide insights into the mediation effects of environmental awareness influencing students’ green living behaviours. University related factors were shown to have the most positive influence on the environmental awareness of the students and their green living behaviours. The practical implications of this research suggest actionable strategies for higher education institutions, families, and society to improve green living behaviour among students.

This study examined the translation techniques used in the comic Pyramid Game from English to Bahasa Indonesia. As digital media continues to evolve, digital comics have become an increasingly valuable medium for fostering reading interest and promoting literacy. This study employed a qualitative method to analyze the translation of 15 English sentences from the digital comic into Bahasa Indonesia, selecting sentences from Part 1 to Part 10 based on their linguistic complexity and relevance to the Indonesian context and culture. The findings identified various translation techniques, highlighting their importance in conveying meaning while addressing cultural and linguistic nuances. The study also illustrates how different translation techniques were chosen and applied based on the context of each sentence. This research provides valuable insights for students at Universitas Terbuka and other interested readers, particularly in the field of translation studies, by exploring the diverse strategies applied in translating various materials.

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance(ESG) factors on the duration of earnings sustainability of publicly listed companies in Taiwan from 2016 to 2023 using a survival analysis. The findings reveal that both overall ESG and governance scores significantly extend the duration of earnings sustainability. Conversely, the environmental and social components do not demonstrate the same effect. These results indicate that although investments in governance prolong the maintenance of firm performance, investments in environmental and social initiatives alone may not have a comparable impact.

Sleep and stress significantly affect emotions, productivity, and overall well-being, crucial for optimal health and performance. However, limited research examines how Nepalese nurses' quality of life relates to their sleep quality and stress levels. This study aims to assess this relationship among nurses in private hospitals in Kathmandu. Three private hospitals were selected for this cross-sectional analytical study. Eligible nurses were chosen through purposive sampling, and data were analysed using IBM SPSS v25, employing Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Research revealed a high rate of poor sleep quality (83.9%) among individuals with a mean age of 24.33 ± 3.08 years. Initially, significant associations were found with the factors like bachelor's degree, no tobacco use, absence of insomnia, good sleep quality, and low stress with good quality of life. After adjustment, the association with bachelor's degree [AOR:2.025, CI at 95%: 1.021-4.016, p

Workplace violence in hospitals is a global concern and is considered as a major occupational hazard for all health care providers including the nurses. The aim of this study was to assess the status of workplace violence against nurses at hospitals in Kathmandu and determine the actions taken to investigate its cause. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenient sample of 100 registered nurses employed in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, and Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital. All eligible nurses who were willing to participate irrespective of their academic fulfilment, from all different shifts and of age below 45 years were included. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS software. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Nepal Medical College and Kathmandu Medical College. Among 100 participants, the prevalence of workplace violence was 72 (72%) (62.13-80.52, 95% Confidence Interval). Verbal abuse accounted to 50 (69.44%), followed by physical violence accounting 17 (23.61%). Action was taken to investigate the causes of both physical violence 5 (29.41%) and verbal abuse 2 (4%) by the hospital administration 3 (60%) in physical violence and 2 (100%) in verbal abuse and police 2 (40%) in physical violence. The study reveals a troubling reality, as the vast majority of nurses reported experiencing various forms of violence in their workplace. So, addressing this issue immediately could protect nurses' well-being and ensure quality care which benefits both healthcare professionals and patients.