National School Boards Association

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Program of <fc>All‐Inclusive</fc> Care for the Elderly: A potential model of coordinated care for patients on dialysis","doi":"10.1111/jgs.17665","access":"no","earliestDate":"2022-01-24","formats":["First page image","Full text","PDF","References","AM pdf"],"topics":[{"taxonomyUri":"embo-article-types","topicLabel":"Commentary","topicUri":"commentary"},{"taxonomyUri":"global-subject-codes","topicLabel":"NURSING & MIDWIFERY","topicUri":"nu"},{"taxonomyUri":"global-subject-codes","topicLabel":"MEDICAL SCIENCE","topicUri":"md"},{"taxonomyUri":"global-subject-codes","topicLabel":"Oncology & Radiotherapy","topicUri":"mdh0"},{"taxonomyUri":"global-subject-codes","topicLabel":"Nursing Older People","topicUri":"nu30"},{"taxonomyUri":"global-subject-codes","topicLabel":"Palliative Care","topicUri":"mdh4"},{"taxonomyUri":"global-subject-codes","topicLabel":"Rheumatology","topicUri":"mdr0"},{"taxonomyUri":"global-subject-codes","topicLabel":"Geriatric 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Outbreaks from choirperformances, such as the Skagit Valley Choir,showed that singing brings potential risk of COVID-19 infection. Thereis less known about the risks of airborne infection from other musicalperformances, such as playing wind instruments or performing theater.In addition, it is important to understand methods that can be usedto reduce infection risk. In this study, we used a variety of methods,including flow visualization, aerosol and CO2 measurements,and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to understand thedifferent components that can lead to transmission risk from musicalperformance and risk mitigation. This study was possible because ofa partnership across academic departments and institutions and collaborationwith the National Federation of State High School Associations andthe College Band Directors National Association. The interdisciplinaryteam enabled us to understand the various aspects of aerosol transmissionrisk from musical performance and to quickly implement strategiesin music classrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that plumesfrom musical performance were highly directional, unsteady and variedconsiderably in time and space. Aerosol number concentration measuredat the bell of the clarinet was comparable to that of singing. Faceand bell masks attenuated plume velocities and lengths and decreasedaerosol concentrations measured in front of the masks. CFD modelingshowed differences between indoor and outdoor environments and thatthe lowest risk of airborne COVID-19 infection occurred at less than30 min of exposure indoors and less than 60 min outdoors.

ABSTRACT Cities in the United States and across the world have experienced gentrification at the same time as school choice policies have become more popular. This research examines the relationship between gentrification and charter schooling, seeking to understand how together they affect demographic composition of schools across Washington, DC. This study uses geographic information systems (GIS) mapping and statistical techniques to show that gentrified neighborhoods are more likely to have charter schools. Additionally, the demographic compositions of charter schools and traditional public schools differ depending on the gentrification classification of the census tract in which the schools are located. While a handful of diverse charter schools exist in gentrified neighborhoods and some diverse public schools exist in traditionally affluent neighborhoods, schools in Washington, DC remain racially and economically isolated overall.

Since the No Child Left Behind Act (

Foreign-educated physical therapists are often viewed as one possible solution to the current shortage of physical therapists, yet there is very little research regarding these individuals. The purpose of this study was to describe those physical therapists who are licensed in the United States but who were educated in another country. This description includes their country of education, their employment patterns, and the reasons they decided to emigrate and work as a physical therapist in the United States. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. An electronic survey was sent to all physical therapists currently licensed in the United States who had been educated in another country. Those who had been licensed within the last 5 years are reported. The results of the survey indicated that the typical foreign-educated physical therapist is female, aged 32.2 years, and was born and trained in either the Philippines or India. A majority of foreign-educated physical therapists obtained their first license in New York, Michigan, Illinois, Texas, or Florida. The most common reasons cited as to why a particular jurisdiction was chosen for initial employment were "recruiter recommendation," "family, spouse, partner, or friends," "ease of the licensure process," and "ability to secure a visa sponsor." A majority of foreign-educated physical therapists in this study initially worked in a skilled nursing facility, a long-term care or extended care facility, or a home health setting. Only those foreign-educated physical therapists licensed within the last 5 years are reported. This study is the first to report on foreign-educated physical therapists in the United States. The findings of this study will provide important and useful information to others dealing with physical therapy professional and workforce issues.

The concurrent circumstances of an increasingly mobile workforce, disparities in access to healthcare, and the ability to deliver care through technology (e.g., telehealth) present the need and the opportunity for practice across state borders. Over the past four years, the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT) has explored professional licensure models that will allow cross border practice. This paper reviews FSBPT’s exploratory process and describes some of the advantages of an interstate compact. It concludes that if agreement among state licensing boards can be achieved, a compact could serve as a viable means to increase patient access to quality physical therapy care.

The secondary school athletic population leads the nation in athletic-related deaths.1–6 Given that many such deaths are avoidable through proper prevention, recognition, and treatment protocols, those involved with secondary school athletics can benefit from policy considerations regarding health and safety for participation in sport. The health and safety of secondary school athletes is paramount, but barriers that jeopardize the delivery of optimal safety and preventive measures remain prevalent across the secondary school athletic landscape. To date, these "best-practices" recommendations have been endorsed by the American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine, Canadian Athletic Therapists Association, Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Korey Stringer Institute, Matthew A. Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Researcher Center, National Athletic Trainers' Association, National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, National Council on Strength and Fitness, National Federation of State High School Associations, National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association, and National Strength and Conditioning Association.This document provides a roadmap for policy considerations regarding health and safety concerns for secondary school athletes. Although these guidelines are not exhaustive for all conditions, these best practices address the leading causes of sudden death in this population (head and neck injuries, exertional heat stroke [EHS], sudden cardiac arrest [SCA], and exertional sickling). Further, we present information to address the infrastructure conditions and barriers that can introduce the most risk to athletes (lack of emergency action plans [EAPs], lack of medical staff, lack of emergency equipment [eg, defibrillators], poor heat acclimatization policies, and improper conditioning sessions).The advent of increasing policy mandates and legislative efforts has resulted in a greater need to have a medical gatekeeper who can properly supervise the sports health of the secondary school athletes. This includes the policies, mandates, and laws that have been created to enhance the health and safety of these athletes. In addition, most of the deaths in secondary school sports can be avoided by providing appropriate prevention, recognition, and treatment strategies. Accordingly, supervisors of secondary school athletics programs would benefit greatly from having an athletic trainer (AT) who can guide these efforts. As James Roscoe Day said when chancellor of Syracuse University and after President Theodore Roosevelt mandated changes in collegiate football to decrease the number of deaths: "One human life is too big a price for all the games of the season." Day helped to overhaul the rules of collegiate football and form the National Collegiate Athletic Association because President Roosevelt provided this mandate, showing that smart implementation of policy changes and oversight can dramatically enhance the safety of sport participation. Therefore, the purpose of this consensus statement is to provide a similar benefit through recommendations and guidelines for best practices. Most deaths in sports are preventable; our charge is to meet this expectation.The health and safety of secondary school athletes are of paramount concern for health care professionals, organizations, administrators, coaches, parents, athletes, and other stakeholders. Issues and barriers that jeopardize the delivery of optimal safety and preventive measures at the secondary school level need to be addressed. One of the current challenges is that each state athletic association or legal system (or both) is tasked with developing and implementing its own safety standards. Therefore, guidelines, policies, and laws must be developed and implemented on a state-by-state basis. This is an arduous process requiring extensive resources, time, and effort that in many cases does not involve medical or health professionals who are best equipped to develop the policies. We hope these guidelines can provide a roadmap to safer sport participation for the secondary school athlete.The National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) and the Inter-Association Task Force for Preventing Sudden Death in Secondary School Athletics Programs advise individuals, schools, athletic training facilities, and institutions to carefully and independently consider each of the recommendations. The information contained in the statement is neither exhaustive nor exclusive to all circumstances or individuals. Variables such as institutional human resource guidelines, state or federal statutes, rules, or regulations, as well as regional environmental conditions, may impact the relevance and implementation of these recommendations. The NATA and the Inter-Association Task Force advise their members and others to carefully and independently consider each of the recommendations (including the applicability of same to any particular circumstance or individual). The foregoing statement should not be relied upon as an independent basis for care but rather as a resource available to NATA members or others. Moreover, no opinion is expressed herein regarding the quality of care that adheres to or differs from any of NATA's other statements. The NATA and the Inter-Association Task Force reserve the right to rescind or modify their statements at any time.

Focusing on research as a key term in debates over U.S. education policy, this article compares the definition of research in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) with the meanings and uses of research in school board deliberations in three local districts in Wisconsin. While NCLB articulates a narrow view of research and a hierarchy of methods, the school boards operated with an expansive meaning of research and combined its use with other evidence types. Appreciating the role that values play in crafting public policy, these local debates balanced technical and public modes of reasoning.

Magnet hospitals understand that healthcare providers no longer work with a homogeneous stakeholder population (including healthcare professionals, employees, and patients); thus, organizations must ensure that their practices accommodate the patients and employees of today and tomorrow. Although the medical center did not pursue its Magnet status goal, it is on the path to transforming its culture into a culturally competent environment. Such an environment allows the organization to be better poised for success when the time is right to, once again, pursue Magnet designation.