National University of Laos

ອົງປະກອບສະພາບແວດລ້ອມທີ່ຖືກສ້າງຂຶ້ນບໍ່ວ່າຈະຢູ່ໃນເງື່ອນໄຂຕົວເມືອງ ຫຼື ຊົນນະບົດແມ່ນ ເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ ສະທ້ອນໃຫ້ເຫັນເຖິງຂະບວນການພັດທະນາຂອງພື້ນທີ່ເມືອງນັ້ນໆ.ໃນທິດທາງຜູ້ອອກແບບ ເຊິ່ງເປັນຜູ້ສ້າງສັນ ວຽກງານການອອກແບບດ້ານສະພາບແວດລ້ອມໃຫ້ໜ້າຢູ່ ແລະ ສວຍງາມນັ້ນຍັງ ເປັນວຽກທີ່ຄວນພິຈາລະນາ ຢ່າງຖີ່ຖ້ວນ.ໃນບົດຄົ້ນຄວ້ານີ້ຈຶ່ງມີຄວາມມຸ້ງຫວັງທີ່ຈະອະທິບາຍໃຫ້ເຫັນ ເຖິງປັດໄຈ ແລະ ຄວາມສຳພັນຂອງການ ຮຽນຮູ້ຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດຂອງນັກສຶກສາໃນສາຂາການອອກແບບແລະຄວາມ ຮັບຮູ້ດ້ານສິ່ງ ແວດລ້ອມ ທີ່ຖືກສ້າງຂຶ້ນໂດຍຍົກໃຫ້ເຫັນເຖິງສະພາບແວດ ລ້ອມທີ່ສ້າງຂຶ້ນປະເພດ ສິລະປະສາທາລະນະ. ການເກັບກຳຂໍ້ມູນນີ້ ແມ່ນໄດ້ໃຊ້ວິທີການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ຂອງ ນັກສຶກສາຈຳ ນວນ 30ຄົນ ເຊິ່ງຈັດເປັນ5ກຸ່ມໃນສາຂາອອກແບບທີ່ແຕກຕ່ງກັນ ເຂົ້າໃນການ ອອກແບບ ແລະ ຂຶ້ນຫຸ່ນຈຳລອງໃນສາມຮູບແບບທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນຄື: ການວາດພາບດ້ວຍມື, ການແຕ້ມຮູບດ້ວຍ ໂປຣແກຣມຄອມພິວເຕີ້, ແລະ ການສ້າງຫຸ່ນຈຳລອງ. ຜົນຂອງການວິເຄາະຈາກດ້ານສະຖິຕິ ພັນລະນາ, ການສັງເຄາະ ແລະ ການວິເຄາະແບບຕົວໜັງສືດ້ວຍໂປຣແກຣມທາງສະຖິຕິສະແດງ ໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່ານັກສຶກສາ ໄດ້ຮັບຮູ້ດ້ານສັດ ສ່ວນ ແລະ ອົງປະກອບສົມຈິງດ້ານ ການອອກແບບແລະມີທ່າ ແຮງໃນຂະບວນການຮຽນຮູ້ ຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດຈາກການສ້າງຫຸ່ນຈຳລອງຫຼາຍກວ່າແບບອື່ນ. ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າໃນຮູບແບບນນີ້ຍັງສາ ມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ນັກສຶກສາ ຮັບຮູ້ເຖິງອົງປະກັບສັດສ່ວນດ້ານໂຄງສ້າງເພື່ອປັບໃຊ້ເປັນຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈຕໍ່ກັບຂະບວນດານຮຽນຮູ້ຕະ ຫຼອດຊີວິດໃນອະນາຄົດ.​

Filarial parasites cause diseases in humans and other animals and are transmitted primarily by hematophagous Diptera, including black flies (Simuliidae). However, knowledge of the vectorial role of black flies in transmitting filarial parasites in tropical Asia is limited. We used molecular approaches to detect filarial parasites in two common black flies, Simulium asakoae and S. khelangense, in Laos. Among 483 black flies, 15 were infected with filarial parasites. Based on sequence similarity analyses of the COI and 12S rDNA genes, the parasites were closely related to two filarial taxa: one previously reported from the same black fly species in Thailand and another recorded from domestic chickens. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed that the filarial parasites detected in S. asakoae and S. khelangense are closely related to genera of avian filarial parasites. The results are consistent with the biting habits of these species of black flies, which feed predominantly on chickens.

ສຶກສາການຕົກຄ້າງຂອງແກ່ນວັດຊະພືດໃນນາເຂົ້າຢູ່ 4 ບ້ານ ເມືອງໄຊທານີ ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ, ເລີ່ມສໍາຫຼວດແຕ່ເດືອນພະຈິກ 2023 ເຖິງ ເດືອນກໍລະກົດ 2024 ລົງເກັບຕົວຢ່າງດິນຢູ່ທົ່ງນາຫຼັງຈາກການເກັບກ່ຽວໃນຂອບເຂດ 4 ບ້ານຄື: ບ້ານນາລ້ອມ, ບ້ານນາສາລາ, ບ້ານໂພນງາມ ແລະ ບ້ານໂພນຕ້ອງ ເມືອງໄຊທານີ ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ. ການເກັບຕົວຢ່າງຈະສຸ່ມເອົາ 144 ຈຸດ ໂດຍກໍານົດບ້ານໜຶ່ງຕໍ່ໄຮ່ນາ 3 ໄຮ່ທີ່ຫ່າງກັນເພື່ອເປັນຕົວແທນໃຫ້ແຕ່ລະບ້ານເຊິ່ງວິທີການແມ່ນນຳບັ້ງເຫຼັກ (7.5 x 49.5 ຊມ) ແລ້ວໃຊ້ຄ້ອນຕີຕອກບັ້ງເຫຼັກລົງດິນເລິກ 5 ຊມ ແລະ ຕອກຊໍ້າຈຸດເກົ່າຕື່ມລົງເລິກ 10 ມຊ ເພື່ອເອົາຕົວຢ່າງດິນ. ຜົນການສຶກສາພົບວັດຊະພືດທັງໝົດ 3 ກຸ່ມ ລວມ 6 ຊະນິດ. ກຸ່ມໃບແຄບພົບ 3 ຊະນິດ: ຕົ້ນສາມຫຼ່ຽມ Cyperus imbricatus Retz., ຕົ້ນຕຸ້ມຫູ Cyperrus difformis L. ແລະ ຕົ້ນໜວດປາດຸກ Fimbristylis miliacea (L.)Vahl ຮອງລົງມາ ແມ່ນກຸ່ມຫຍ້າພົບ 2 ຊະນິດ: ເຂົ້າເຮື້ອ Oryza sativa L. ແລະ ເຂົ້ານົກສີຊົມພູ Echinochloa colona (L.) Link ແລະ ກຸ່ມໃບກວ້າງ ພົບ 1 ຊະນິດ: ຕົ້ນບີອ່ຽນ Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl. ໃນນັ້ນມີ 3 ບ້ານ ຄື: ບ້ານນາລ້ອມ, ບ້ານໂພນງາມ ແລະ ບ້ານໂພນຕ້ອງທີ່ພົບຊະນິດວັດຊະພືດ 3 ກຸ່ມ 6 ຊະນິດຄືກັນ, ສ່ວນບ້ານນາສາລາແມ່ນພົບວັດຊະພືດ 3 ກຸ່ມ 5 ຊະນິດ. ເມື່ອປຽບທຽບຈໍານວນວັດຊະພືດທີ່ພົບລວມທັງໝົດຫຼາຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນຕົ້ນໜວດປາດຸກ Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl ຈໍານວນ 674 ຕົ້ນ, ຮອງລົງມາແມ່ນຕົ້ນສາມຫຼ່ຽມ Cyperus imbricatus Retz. ຈໍານວນ 115 ຕົ້ນ, ເຂົ້ານົກສີຊົມພູ Echinochloa colona (L.) Link ຈໍານວນ 108 ຕົ້ນ, ຕົ້ນຕຸ້ມຫູ Cyperrus difformis L. ຈໍານວນ 95 ຕົ້ນ, ຕົ້ນບີອ່ຽນ Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl. ຈໍານວນ 38 ຕົ້ນ ແລະ ພົບຈໍານວນໜ້ອຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນ ເຂົ້າເຮື້ອ Oryza sativa L. ຈໍານວນ 6 ຕົ້ນ. ແລະ ປຽບທຽບຈຳນວນ ຕົ້ນ/m3 ຂອງວັດຊະພືດທຸກຊະນິດທີ່ພົບທັງໝົດໃນຄວາມເລິກ 5 ຊມ ພົບຫຼາຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນບ້ານໂພນຕ້ອງ ຈໍານວນ 747,165 ຕົ້ນ/m3, ຮອງລົງມາ ແມ່ນບ້ານໂພນງາມ ຈໍານວນ 630,686 ຕົ້ນ/m3, ບ້ານນາສາລາ ຈໍານວນ 420,460 ຕົ້ນ/m3, ບ້ານໂພນນາລ້ອມ ຈໍານວນ 104,439 ຕົ້ນ/m3 ແລະ ຄວາມເລິກ 10 cm ພົບຫຼາຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນບ້ານໂພນຕ້ອງ ຈໍານວນ 281,262 ຕົ້ນ/m3, ຮອງລົງມາແມ່ນບ້ານໂພນງາມ ຈໍານວນ 252,851 ຕົ້ນ/m3, ບ້ານນາລ້ອມ ຈໍານວນ 201,713 ຕົ້ນ/m3 ແລະ ບ້ານນາສາລາ ຈໍານວນ 187,511 ຕົ້ນ/m3.

ABSTRACT It is a moral imperative to conduct the consent process in a way that is understandable, engaging and meaningful for children. This underscores the necessity of obtaining consent through age‐ and culturally appropriate methods and content. Using qualitative, participatory visual research methods, this study aimed to gather feedback on a visual informed consent (VIC) storybook among 17 primary school‐aged children in Canada, Ghana and Laos. Participatory workshops with children were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis yielded four themes: (1) study premise and purpose, (2) confidentiality, (3) voluntariness and (4) compensation. Most children responded positively to the VIC and preferred the visual format over conventional written consent forms, as it was easier to engage with and helped maintain their attention. The VIC appears to be a useful tool for presenting information and obtaining consent. Further studies are needed to assess its usability across diverse sociocultural and urban–rural settings.

The Fabaceae family plays a vital role in tropical ecosystems and human livelihoods due to its ecological, nutritional, and medicinal significance. This study provides a comprehensive ethnobotanical assessment of Fabaceae in Maha Sarakham Province, Northeastern Thailand. A total of 83 taxa representing 52 genera were recorded, reflecting the family’s high species richness and cultural importance in local communities. Field surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted across diverse habitats, including homegardens, community forests, markets, and agricultural areas. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices—Species Use Value (SUV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (Fic)—were used to evaluate species importance and cultural consensus. The highest SUV and RFC values were observed for Arachis hypogaea L., Glycine max (L.) Merr., Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir., and Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc., indicating their central roles in local diets and livelihoods. Medicinally significant taxa, including Abrus precatorius and Albizia lebbeck, exhibited high FL and Fic values, reflecting strong community agreement on their therapeutic uses. Diverse applications—spanning food, medicine, fodder, fuelwood, dye, ornamental, and construction materials—highlight the multifunctionality of Fabaceae in rural livelihoods. The documentation of 44 new provincial records further emphasizes the value of integrating Indigenous and local knowledge into biodiversity assessments. These findings provide essential insights for sustainable utilization, conservation planning, and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches.

Ornamental plants in rural household gardens provide esthetic, cultural, and practical value, yet their ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological roles remain understudied. This study aimed to identify culturally significant ornamental species in Kham Toei Sub-district, Northeastern Thailand, document their multifunctional uses—including esthetic, ritual, edible, and medicinal roles—and examine how availability, perceived utility, and cultural context influence local valuations. Field surveys were conducted between June 2024 to May 2025 using purposive sampling to select 30 households, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with one primary informant per household. A total of 81 species from 36 families and 66 genera were recorded, dominated by herbaceous plants (53%), with introduced species (74%) exceeding natives (24%). Quantitative indices—Cultural Ornamental Significance Index (COSI), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (FIC)—identified Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Cassia fistula L., Curcuma longa L., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe as culturally important species. High FL values, such as 80.00% for Jatropha podagrica Hook. (musculoskeletal use) and Tradescantia spathacea Sw. (gastrointestinal use), along with FIC of 0.83 for eye disorders, indicate strong community agreement on therapeutic applications. These findings demonstrate that ornamental plants support household healthcare, rituals, and ecological functions, reinforcing biocultural resilience and sustaining the integration of cultural, ecological, and medicinal values in community life.

ການສຶກສາຄົ້ນຄວ້າກ່ຽວກັບ ຄວາມກັງວົນໃຈໃນການເວົ້າພາສາອັງກິດ ດ້ວຍແບບຈໍາລອງທາງຄະນິດສາດ ໃນຄັ້ງນີ້ແມ່ນໄດ້ລົງສຳຫຼວດເກັບຂໍ້ມູນກ່ຽວກັບນັກຮຽນ ຢູ່ 6 ໂຮງຮຽນມັດທະຍົມຕອນປາຍໃນນະຄອນຫຼວງ ແລະ ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ, ໂດຍໃຊ້ໂປຣແກຣມ Microsoft Excel ວິເຄາະຫາບັນດາລຳດັບຄວາມສຳຄັນຂອງປັດໄຈທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນຕໍ່ຄວາມກັງວົນໃຈໃນການເວົ້າພາສາອັງກິດຂອງນັກຮຽນພ້ອມທັງສ້າງແບບຈຳລອງທາງຄະນິດສາດສຶກສາປັດໄຈທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນຄວາມກັງວົນໃຈໃນການເວົ້າພາສາອັງກິດ. ໂດຍໄດ້ລົງເກັບກໍາຂໍ້ມູນພາກສະໜາມຈຳນວນ 6 ຄັ້ງທັງໝົດ 6 ໂຮງຮຽນ ເຊິ່ງເກັບຂໍ້ມູນຈາກນັກຮຽນ ມສ ໂພນໝີ ຈຳນວນ 140 ຄົນ, ນັກຮຽນ ມສ ສະກ້າ ຈຳນວນ 110 ຄົນ, ນັກຮຽນ ມສ ຫຼັກ 52 ຈຳນວນ 130 ຄົນ, ນັກຮຽນ ມສ ລາວ-ຫວຽດຈຳນວນ 105 ຄົນ, ນັກຮຽນ ມສ ສາທິດ ຈຳນວນ 150 ຄົນ, ນັກຮຽນ ມສ ທ່າງ່ອນ ຈຳນວນ 125 ຄົນ. ແບບຈໍາລອງທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການວິເຄາະລຳດັບປັດໄຈແມ່ນແບບຈໍາລອງ (Fuzzy). ຜ່ານການວິເຄາະສາມາດເຫັນໄດ້ຢ່າງຊັດເຈນ ແລະ ຈະແຈ້ງວ່າ ປະສົບການໃນການຮຽນພາສາອັງກິດຂອງນັກຮຽນມັດທະຍົມແມ່ນໃຊ້ເວລາຮຽນພຽງແຕ່ 3 ປີ ມີພຽງແຕ່ 6.45 % ແຕ່ນັກຮຽນໃຊ້ປະສົບການໃນການຮຽນພາສາອັງກິດຫຼາຍກວ່າ 3 ປີ ມີເຖິງ 70.27 %. ເຊິ່່ງຂໍ້ມູນດັ່ງກ່າວ ສາມາດສະຫຼຸບໄດ້ວ່າ ປະສົບການໃນການຮຽນພາສາອັງກິດຂອງນັກຮຽນແມ່ນໃຊ້ເວລາຫຼາຍ. ການຮຽນເພີ່ມວິຊາພາສາອັງກິດຂອງນັກຮຽນມັດທະຍົມມີເຖິງ 73.81% ເຊິ່່ງຂໍ້ມູນດັ່ງກ່າວ ສາມາດສະຫຼຸບໄດ້ວ່າ ນັກຮຽນມັດທະຍົມໄດ້ຮຽນເພີ່ມວິຊາພາສາອັງກິດຫຼາຍ ແລະ ຄວາມສາມາດໃນການເວົ້າພາສາອັງກິດຂອງນັກຮຽນມັດທະຍົມສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນສາມາດເວົ້າພາສາອັງກິດໄດ້ຕ່ຳກວ່າ 25% ກວມເອົາ 44.34 % ຂອງນັກຮຽນທັງໝົດ, ເຊິ່່ງຂໍ້ມູນດັ່ງກ່າວ ສາມາດສະຫຼຸບໄດ້ວ່າ ນັກຮຽນມັດທະຍົມສາມາດເວົ້າພາສາໄດ້ໜ້ອຍຫຼາຍ, ນອກນີ້ຜົນຂອງການສຶກສາລຳດັບຄວາມສຳຄັນຂອງປັດໄຈທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນຕໍ່ຄວາມກັງວົນໃຈໃນການເວົ້າພາສາອັງກິດຂອງນັກຮຽນ ເຮົາສາມາດລຽງລຳດັບຄວາມສຳຄັນແຕ່ຫຼາຍຫາໜ້ອຍຕາມລຳດັບໄດ້ດັ່ງນີ້ ດ້ານຄອບຄົວ, ດ້ານສັງຄົມ, ດ້ານເສດຖະກິດ, ດ້ານສື່ການຮຽນການສອນ, ດ້ານການສິດສອນຂອງຄູ-ອາຈານ, ດ້ານຫຼັກສູດ ແລະ ດ້ານສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ.

This article is part of the research project funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF) titled “Study, Analysis, and Compilation of a Ritual Vocabulary Dictionary in the Ceremonies of the Lao People across Four Northern Provinces of the Lao PDR.” This specific article analyzes the Behavioral Structure Expressed Through Verb Choice in Baci ritual texts, utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) based on Fairclough's framework. The research reveals a systematic three-phase discursive structure for ordering spiritual beliefs and transitioning the Khwan's status from crisis to stability: Phase 1: Discourse of Outward Khwan Movement, which employs stative/descriptive verbs (e.g., tok [fall], long [be lost]) to mitigate fault and establish legitimacy for the Khwan’s condition. Phase 2: Discourse of Coercive Khwan Summoning, which uses Performative Utterance via intensive auxiliary verbs (e.g., jong [must/shall], fao [hurry]) to negate negative conditions and compel the Khwan's immediate return. Phase 3: Discourse of Khwan Binding and Permanence, which uses verbs denoting Permanent Stability (e.g., yoo man [stay firm], yāng nǣn [stand solid]) alongside strong action verbs (e.g., thamlāi lāng [destroy], pat pao [sweep away]) to eliminate threats and fully bind the Khwan to the body. This structure of behavioral expression reflects the Ideology of Stability, which is the ultimate goal sought by the Baci ritual.

This best practice brief presents Component 2 of the Data-to-Deal (D2D) framework which addresses Capacity. This component focuses on strengthening national capacity to conduct robust and inclusive planning processes for energy and transport that unlock climate-aligned investment in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many countries face persistent gaps in technical expertise, institutional coordination, and long-term continuity for planning. Component 2 comprises three sub-components: (i) Assessing needs for capacity strengthening, (ii) Implementing targeted capacity development programmes, and (iii) Sustaining the gains in institutional capacity. The brief recommends demand-driven, iterative approaches that embed capacity within national institutions, prioritise trust-building and knowledge exchange across national institutions, and align closely with country-specific needs. Drawing on available diagnostic tools and recent country experiences, the brief outlines how ministries and planning agencies can select appropriate modelling toolkits, adopt standardised data practices, and integrate training into institutional structures. By operationalising this approach, countries can create a strong institutional foundation from which to advance the technical tasks associated with investment planning and finance.