National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco

El bajo de Sarmiento fue habitado desde hace al menos finales del Holoceno medio, sin embargo, la mayor cantidad de evidencia sobre las ocupaciones humanas corresponden al Holoceno tardío. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la excavación y el estudio de los materiales arqueológicos de cuatro sitios datados en ca. 4000 años AP en la localidad La Campanita Alto, en el sur del lago Colhué Huapi (Chubut, Argentina). Se analiza la estratigrafía, el contexto geomorfológico, los procesos de formación, los materiales arqueofaunísticos y los artefactos líticos que componen los sitios. Se infiere que en la localidad las ocupaciones en torno a la costa del paleolago Sarmiento habrían sido de corta duración, por grupos pequeños de personas con alta movilidad que basaron su subsistencia en la caza de guanacos. Se discuten las características de estas ocupaciones y se comparan los resultados con los contextos arqueológicos del Holoceno tardío en el bajo de Sarmiento. En términos generales se plantean diferencias entre ambos momentos, en cuanto a la densidad y diversidad de los materiales que conforman los sitios, especialmente respecto a sus contenidos arqueofaunísticos.

Hyphal systems have been essential for the morphoanatomical characterization of basidiomes and mycelia of aphyllophoroid fungi for taxonomic purposes. They have also been shown to influence the consistency of basidiomes. Recent developments in areas such as mycelium composite production as sustainable materials have redirected scientists’ attention to these structures, particularly regarding their material resistance, where complex hyphal systems enhance the properties of these composites. Compounds such as farnesol and octenol trigger growth and differentiation processes in many fungal groups, and laccases have been proposed as enzymes involved in these processes, given their roles in the synthesis of cell wall pigments and other cell wall components. Given the easily quantifiable differences in hyphal knots and dimitic mycelium between Fuscoporia torulosa and Inocutis tamaricis, we employed them as models to study their responses to these compounds, thereby helping fill the knowledge gap in the modulation of macrofungal mycelial differentiation. A variable effect was observed on laccase induction, while radial growth was reduced by octenol by up to 83% in F. torulosa and 65% in I. tamaricis, and by farnesol by up to 80% in I. tamaricis, showing slight effects on F. torulosa. Reductions of up to 100% were observed in the combination of high doses of both chemicals.

<title>Abstract</title> The reproductive biology of <italic>Asterina fimbriata</italic> , a member of the family Asterinidae, was investigated through monthly sampling between July 2021 and June 2023 in Atlantic Patagonian coastal waters. This species presented a curious reproduction strategy: females exhibited an aperiodic reproductive pattern, characterized by the continuous presence of oocytes at different developmental stages co-occurring within the gonads and a low frequency of mature oocytes along the year. However, 6.52% of females exhibited a periodic oogenic cycle, showing a release maximum peak between May and September (coldest water temperature) Males displayed a clear annual gametogenic cycle, with maximum sperm release during the coldest months (June-August). Only 8% of females exhibiting brooding behaviour, which lasted approximately four months (May-September) and coincides after the major oocyte release season. Broods developed within the stomach and, following metamorphosis, emerged as a mass outside the female's mouth. Six distinct developmental stages were identified, revealing a progressive transition from internal to external brooding as offspring matured. <italic>A. fimbriata</italic> represents the first confirmed case of gastric brooding in the family Asterinidae. The low proportion of reproductive females would be indicating a high energetic cost of incubation that could be associated to the feeding behaviour of this fragile species. These findings expand the understanding of reproductive strategies in sea stars and highlight a novel adaptation within this clade.

Modern nursing has evolved into a profession, and its contribution to healthcare is unquestionable. In Argentina, despite favourable changes, the nursing profession has yet to produce research knowledge that has an impact on health. In this document, the Asociación de Escuelas Universitarias de Enfermería de la República Argentina (AEUERA) provides recommendations for the development and implementation of policies to foster the development of health research by nursing in Argentina. The analysis of relevant evidence, academic discussion, and consensus among the participants of the AEUERA research commission led to the formulation of principles and recommendations. Five outlined principles underpin 20 recommendations. These principles represent the values that support a rigorous research practice, grounded in a robust scientific background and tailored to population needs. For Argentine nurses to investigate priority health problems, AEUERA recommends: 1) to guarantee access to scientific training programs with the same standards as other professions within the Argentine scientific system, 2) to guarantee access to doctoral scholarship programs, 3) to create job positions, protected by regulation, for nurse scientists, 3) to provide funding to conduct studies guided by both local and global health priorities. The implementation of these recommendations requires a sustained education and health policy to promote research training for this professional group. AEUERA urges decision-makers to consider these recommendations in their strategic planning for the sector.

The coexistence of functionally similar predators offers a framework for understanding the mechanisms shaping ecological communities. Jaguars and pumas are broadly sympatric in the Neotropics, yet the processes sustaining their persistence remain unclear. Classical niche theory predicts that coexistence requires ecological differentiation, whereas modern models emphasize balancing stabilizing (reducing interspecific competition) and equalizing mechanisms (minimizing fitness differences). Although demographic components were not directly estimated, we integrated secondary dietary data compiled from 21 sympatric populations through a systematic literature review. This integration allowed us to identify trophic patterns consistent with coexistence mechanisms across taxonomic and functional prey axes. Analyses revealed strong taxonomic segregation at finer scales, with jaguars primarily consuming Artiodactyla, while pumas exploited a broader spectrum including Rodentia, Cingulata, and Pilosa. This divergence reduces direct competition, consistent with stabilizing resource partitioning. In contrast, high overlap in functional traits (e.g., body mass and locomotor habit) indicated functional convergence potentially increasing fitness equivalence, consistent with equalizing mechanisms. These dynamics suggested that jaguar-puma macroecological coexistence may be maintained by a dynamic balance between patterns consistent with stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms expressed within trophic niche axes. From a conservation perspective, strategies should move beyond species-specific approaches; preserving both taxonomic and functional prey diversity is essential to sustain the trophic requirements of predators and the ecosystems they regulate.

El texturizado superficial en un cojinete hidrodinámico consiste en la introducción de cavidades bien definidas e intencionales en alguna de las superficies de este. Esta técnica ha generado un creciente interés en la literatura reciente donde se ha demostrado que en ciertos casos se obtiene un notable incremento de la capacidad portante. Por otra parte, no existe un consenso claro sobre los criterios de diseño y ubicación óptima de las texturas en aplicaciones prácticas de ingeniería. En este trabajo se presenta una implementación de redes neuronales orientada a la optimización de texturas en cojinetes hidrodinámicos, como una continuación de un estudio previo en el que la incorporación de texturas fue explorada de forma manual. Las variables de estudio consideradas en esta instancia corresponden con la posición y la profundidad de las cavidades texturizadas buscando maximizar la capacidad de carga y minimizar la fricción. El optimizador fue desarrollado en python, utilizando la librería pyTorch y la fluidodinámica del cojinete es resuelta a partir de un modelo formulado a partir del Método de Áreas Finitas e implementado en la plataforma OpenFOAM(R).