National University of Technology

The growing demand for sustainable, efficient and long-lasting road maintenance method has promoted the exploration of innovative technologies in infrastructure repair. This research examines the potential of the performance of 3D printer for repairing the pothole, focusing on its comparative cost and time performance against the traditional patching technique. A simulated case study in Rawalpindi compared both approaches in term of cost, and time. The 3D printer utilized a modified asphalt mix incorporating treated face masks to enhance durability and reduce environmental impact. The analysis revealed that the cost of 3D printer is higher due to specialized equipment, it’s significantly reducing labor input, material wastage and repair time. Additionally, the automation aspects allow for consistent repair quality and lower rework frequency. Despite the absence of field work and regional cost variation the need for further practical evaluation. This research supports the smart infrastructure technologies aimed at improving road durability, reduce environmental impact, and optimizing public maintenance resources.

Nanomaterials are considered as pioneering and indispensable in the discipline of biological technology for wide range of implementations in biotechnology, pharmaceutical industries, and biomedical fields. Metallic nanoparticles are worthy biological contenders with fascinating physiochemical properties. Among these, the platinum nanoparticles are explored as more valuable due to their unique features. Different strategies are employed to synthesize platinum nanoparticles including chemical, physical, and biological methods. Biological methods are deliberated as the best methods to fabricate Pt nanoparticles as these are convenient, economical, and environment friendly. This review provides an insightful discussion on the properties, harmful impacts, and biomedical applications of platinum nanoparticles that are strongly reliant on their size, elemental composition, morphology, and structure which is controlled by the fabrication technique used. The cytotoxic behavior of platinum nanoparticles is influenced by the size, surface functionalization, and dose quantity which make the ejection of platinum ions within cells more markedly. They possess diverse applications in multiple fields such as nanomedication, nanodiagnostics, bioimaging, and drug delivery carriers owing to their inimitable physiochemical properties. PtNPs have crucial part to radiotherapy, because of their capabilities to persuade cell injury in discriminating part, subsequent to radioactivity contact and have potential to combat tumors. Interestingly, numerous intelligences reveal the advanced capabilities of PtNPs in contrast to other nanozymes such as wound healing, tissue regeneration, and the treatment of some biological ailments related to oxidative stress. In the future, there will be immense variety of applications of platinum nanoparticles in nanomedicine field.

<title>Abstract</title> Blockchain technology, characterized by its distributed ledger system, has revolutionized currency and the global digital economy. Its potential applications extend beyond finance, captivating academia and industry alike. This article delves into the latest advancements in blockchain technology, exploring its innovative state-of-the-art applications in various futuristic communication domains such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, security, privacy, artificial intelligence (AI), wireless network optimization, intelligent grids, smart transportation, and more. The article also provides an overview of blockchain's operational principles, including smart contracts and consensus algorithms, highlighting their contributions to decentralization, security, and transparency. Moreover, through statistical analysis of research articles, we identify current challenges and outline future research directions in the field.

Abstract This investigation aims to examine the behavior of natural and manufactured pozzolans, as well as the properties of blended mortars. Eco-friendly building materials are gaining the attention of researchers worldwide, as they are made from supplementary cementitious materials that alter the fresh and mechanical properties of the blended mortar. Granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, zeolite powder, metakaolin, clay powder, fly ash, rice husk ash, copper slag, and glass powder have all been used to improve the microstructure, workability, setting time, and strength. The control mixes contain a range of replacement rates (5–50 %) as supplementary cementitious materials compared to the OPC reference mortar. Brick clay powder (5–15 %), Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (5–20 %), Silica Fume (5–25 %), Copper Slag (5–35 %), Metakaolin (5–25 %), Fly Ash (5–30 %), Rice Husk Ash (5–20 %), Zeolite Powder (5–20 %), Ceramic Waste (5–35 %) and Glass Powder (5–10 %) were identified as the beneficial proportion. Moreover, strength increases simultaneously with the volume/index of the big content of all supplementary cementitious materials blends, but beyond the critical level of supplementary cementitious materials mixes, it tends to reduce strength. The changes made by integrating supplementary cementitious materials are significant in terms of both the fresh and hardened properties of blended mortar.

Abstract This work examines the Casson nanofluid flow on a varying porous bi-directional stretchable sheet that has not yet conducted with effects of inclined magnetic field by incorporating Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation (LMBP) through ANN approach. The effect of temperature and space dependent heat sources have incorporated in energy equations along with thermal radiations effects. The flow system is affected by magnetic field in inclined direction. The diffusions of mass and heat has controlled through the use of thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. In this examination the boundary value solver (bvp4c) serves as the data source for artificial neural networks (ANNs) known as Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation (LMBP). As outcomes of this study, it has established that both primary and secondary velocities are retarded with growth in magnetic factor, variable porous factor and concentration of nanoparticles. Thermal profiles have amplified with escalation in radiation factor, thermal dependent heat source factor, nanoparticles concentration, thermal Biot number and thermal relaxation time factor. Concentration distribution amplified with progression in thermophoresis factor and concentration Biot number while deteriorated with surge in Schmidt number and mass relaxation time factor. For all the eight cases the gradient values are associated at 3.6671 × 10 −6 , 8.88 × 10 −6 , 8.32 × 10 −6 , 7.5442 × 10 −7 , 2.38 × 10 −8 , 8.34 × 10 −7 , 8.70 × 10 −7 and 8.35 × 10 −7 with corresponding epochs 790, 712, 692, 864, 1,000, 1,000, 864 and 712. The outcomes of this study can be applied in various engineering and industrial processes where heat and mass transfer play a critical role, such as cooling of electronic devices, polymer processing, thermal management in energy systems, and biomedical engineering involving nanofluids.

As one of the most severe pandemics in decades, COVID-19 has left lasting impacts on health systems, economies, and social structures across the world. Existing research has documented varied socio-economic effects of the pandemic globally, yet there remains a significant gap in understanding how COVID-19 has affected multidimensional poverty in Bangladesh. This research examines the impact of COVID-19 on the MPI (multidimensional poverty index) in both urban and rural households considering six dimensions: income, health, education, living standards, family and social relationships, and information accessibility taking a total of 29 indicators, each equally weighted. Household surveys using a pre-tested structured questionnaire were conducted in two Upazilas of the Jashore district: Chaugachha (150) and Bagharpara (150) in two strata: urban and rural in two unions per Upazila. The result indicates that MPI has increased drastically by around 172.7% within 2019–2021. The analysis reveals that urban areas showed greater multidimensional poverty index (MPI) growth (40%) than rural areas (28.9%), driven by both rising poverty incidence (+ 8 pp) and intensifying deprivation (+ 8 pp), despite rural areas maintaining higher absolute poverty levels. Health is the most influential factor, followed by education and social capital. The urban faced more difficulties in accessing health facilities due to stricter hospital regulations, and nutrition deficiencies occurred for price hike conditions. Students had limited access to uninterrupted internet facilities which declined the attendance of online classes during the lockdown period and caused poor results and dropouts. Simultaneously, social capital was eroded as lockdowns disrupted community support networks and limited the informal assistance that many vulnerable families rely on during crises. These differential impacts highlight the need for spatially targeted policy responses, with particular emphasis on urban social protection systems and multidimensional poverty alleviation in both domains. This study advances pandemic preparedness by revealing how deprivation dynamics can strengthen sustainable development goals (SDG) synergies (1: poverty, 2: hunger, 3: health, 4: education, 6: water), enabling social protection systems to serve as multi-sectoral shields against multidimensional poverty during health crises.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-025-25837-9.