Navamindradhiraj University

Objectives: To prospectively identify determinants of Long COVID in Thai females and compare outcomes across the Delta and Omicron periods through structured follow-up assessments at 3 and 6 months post-infection.Materials and Methods: From May 2021 through June 2022, this prospective cohort study was conducted in Thailand at Thammasat University Hospital and its field hospital. We enrolled 1,484 females aged 18 and older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using a standardized questionnaire and trained interviewers to assess Long COVID symptoms, we followed up with participants via telephone interviews at 3- and 6-months post-diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for Long COVID.Results: At the 3-month follow-up, 806 participants (54.3%) reported Long COVID symptoms, which persisted in 418 (38.6%) at 6 months. At 3 months, infection during the Omicron-dominant wave (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–2.43) and acute myalgia (adjusted OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04–2.22) were significant predictors. At the 6-month follow-up, moderate-to-critical initial illness severity (adjusted OR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.01–4.69) and loss of smell during the acute phase (adjusted OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.04–2.49) were significant predictors of persistent Long COVID.Conclusion: In Thai females, determinants for Long COVID shift between 3 and 6 months post-infection. While acute myalgia and the Omicron variant are early predictors, initial illness severity and loss of smell better indicate symptom persistence at 6 months. These findings highlight Long COVID’s dynamic nature and can help identify female patients at higher risk for prolonged symptoms.

Severe dengue, marked by plasma leakage, is often linked to secondary heterotypic dengue virus (DENV) infection. While mast cells and basophils contribute to dengue pathogenesis, the role of anti-DENV IgE remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether anti-DENV IgE promotes FcεRI-dependent basophil activation, potentially contributing to disease severity. Plasma from dengue fever (DF, n = 42) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF, n = 56) patients, collected at febrile, defervescence, and convalescent phases, were analyzed using an in-house IgE-capture ELISA developed to detect antibodies against all four DENV serotypes. Functional assays employed RS-ATL8, a human FcεRI-expressing basophil reporter cell line, to assess IgE-mediated activation following DENV antigen cross-linking. The anti-IgE monoclonal antibody Omalizumab was used to evaluate FcεRI dependence. Anti-DENV IgE was detected in both DF and DHF, peaking at defervescence and significantly higher in DHF. Total IgE was elevated but did not differ between groups. About one-third of anti-DENV-IgE-positive plasma samples induced RS-ATL8 activation upon DENV challenge, an effect abolished by omalizumab. These findings indicate a potential pathogenic role of anti-DENV IgE and provide a rationale for further investigation of IgE-targeted interventions.

This study investigates the dynamics of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene, within a newly constructed smart urban building in Bangkok, Thailand. It aims to identify key determinants of air quality and to support datadriven strategies for healthier indoor environments. A total of 120 indoor air samples were collected from multiple zones and timeframes, considering building usage patterns, air conditioning operation, and environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and air velocity. Statistical analyses revealed that air velocity and usage time significantly influenced VOC concentrations, while the time period was a critical factor for formaldehyde levels. Toluene concentrations exceeded the ACGIH guideline (20 ppm) in 13% of samples, and formaldehyde levels surpassed NIOSH thresholds in all samples, indicating potential exposure risks. Higher ventilation rates were linked to reduced pollutant accumulation, particularly during peak occupancy. Strong correlations between toluene and xylene also indicated shared emission sources. Although most values remained within regulatory limits, some exceeded health-based guidelines. These findings highlight the complex interactions among building operations, environmental conditions, and chemical exposure, and suggest targeted ventilation scheduling, particularly early-morning activation, to reduce VOC peaks. The study provides a practical framework for designing adaptive ventilation systems and developing guidelines to improve indoor air quality in new buildings. Insights from this research can inform future policy, urban planning, and smart building design aimed at reducing health risks and enhancing environmental resilience.

Objectives: Supracondylar humeral fractures (SHFs) are common pediatric injuries, and treatment approaches are largely based on fracture severity and patient-specific factors. Identifying predictors for unsuccessful closed reduction can enhance management strategies. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 92 pediatric patients with Gartland type III and IV SHFs treated with K-wire fixation at a tertiary center from 2012 to 2023, examining data on demographics, injury characteristics, radiographic parameters, and surgical outcomes. Results: Logistic regression revealed that severe displacement on initial radiograph and age under 8 years were significant predictors of the need for open reduction, with odds ratios of 9.12 and 6.36, respectively. Causes of failed closed reduction included soft tissue interposition and unstable fracture patterns. Conclusion: Supracondylar fractures with severe displacement and age younger than 8 years are key risk factors for requiring open surgical intervention in our study; recognizing these predictors can aid preoperative planning and resident training, despite some study limitations.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with nomophobia, the fear or anxiety of being without a mobile phone, including prevalence, sociodemographic, behavioral, psychosocial factors among first-year students at Navamindradhiraj University.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 605 first-year undergraduate students from 13 academic programs at Navamindradhiraj University between January and May 2025. Data were collected via a structured online questionnaire, which included items on demographics, mobile phone usage behaviors, family relationship quality, and the Nomophobia Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to assess prevalence. Chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression were employed to examine associations and to identify significant factor of moderate to severe nomophobia.Results: The majority of participants experienced moderate (56.20%) or severe (21.70%) levels of nomophobia. The severity of nomophobia was significantly associated with daily phone usage (p = 0.021) and frequency of phone checking (p = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis further indicated that students who spent more time using their phones (p < 0.001), frequent phone checking (p < 0.001), and lower family relationship scores (p = 0.005) were significant factors associated with of moderate-to-severe nomophobia. Demographic variables such as gender, income, and gaming were not significant.Conclusion: Nomophobia is alarmingly prevalent among first-year university students, with behavioral and psychosocial factors, especially patterns of phone use and perceived family support, playing a more critical role than demographic characteristics. Targeted interventions that promote digital well-being, strengthen emotional resilience, and enhance family support are essential to reduce its psychological impact and encourage healthier digital habits.

To determine the cause of marked hypotonia and neonatal encephalopathy, mild anemia and thrombocytopenia, and nonspecific facial dysmorphism in a neonate after extensive neurological and biochemical evaluations, and karyotyping failed to establish the etiology. Whole exome sequencing (WES), single-nucleotide polymorphisms chromosomal microarray (SNPs CMA), and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were performed in the patient and the parents. WES did not show a candidate gene/diagnosis. Trio-CMA and FISH confirmed a de novo 8.9 Mb duplication of 11p15.4p15.5 and a 6.4 Mb deletion of 11q24.3q25 in the child, and that the duplicated 11p was of paternal origin, based on the SNPs analysis. On long-term follow-up, encephalopathy improved gradually, thrombocytopenia resolved, facial puffiness persisted, and developmental delay remained. The present patient represents the first case of de novo 11p duplication with 11q deletion and severe neonatal encephalopathy. The de novo chromosomal rearrangement could still have resulted from nonallelic homologous recombination, triggered by low-copy repeats (LCRs) at distal 11p and 11q during paternal meiosis, despite the lower LCR density. Alternatively, it may represent a random event, as it does not involve the recurrent deletion/duplication typically observed in regions with dense LCRs.

Traditional nutrient delivery systems, including conventional tablets and powder-filled capsules, frequently suffer from significant limitations including degradation in gastric acid environments, inconsistent absorption profiles, and suboptimal bioavailability. This internal research study conducted by I Herb Corporation Company, Thailand, investigates the application of pellet capsule technology as an innovative solution for controlled release of bioactive compounds across specific regions of the human gastrointestinal tract.Through systematic implementation of extrusion-spheronization processing and fluid bed coating techniques utilizing pH-dependent polymeric materials, I Herb Corporation has successfully developed and commercialized multiple nutraceutical products employing this advanced delivery technology. Dissolution testing conducted according to USP methodologies demonstrated superior release profiles compared to conventional formulations, with gastro-resistant pellets maintaining integrity at pH 1.2 while achieving greater than 85% release at intestinal pH levels (6.8).This paper presents comprehensive findings from I Herb Corporation's internal research program, detailing the mechanistic principles underlying pH-targeted release, manufacturing methodologies, quality control parameters, and commercial advantages of pellet capsule technology in the nutraceutical industry. The successful implementation of this technology has enabled I Herb Corporation to achieve significant market differentiation through products offering enhanced bioavailability, improved stability, and superior consumer compliance.

Objectives: Patients with open fractures were often treated later than usual during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could impact their outcomes, particularly regarding infection risks. However, some studies suggest that the timing of surgery does not directly influence infection rates. We aimed to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the way open fractures were managed, focusing on any changes in treatment timing and patient outcomes before and during the pandemic.Materials and Methods: Retrospective data at Vajira Hospital were collected and divided into two groups: one group received treatment before the COVID-19 pandemic (pre-COVID group), and the other group during the COVID-19 pandemic (COVID group). Key factors such as injury time, time to first surgery, and time to first dose of antibiotics were considered. The primary outcome was the difference in waiting times for surgery. Secondary outcomes included infection rate, nonunion rate, and reoperation rate.Results: The researchers collected data from a total of 76 patients for each of the pre-COVID and COVID groups. No significant differences were found in waiting times for surgery or in the time to the first dose of antibiotics between the two groups. The mean waiting time for surgery was shorter in the COVID group (587.2 min) compared to the pre-COVID group (683.4 min), but this difference was not statistically significant. The mean time to the first dose of antibiotics in the COVID group (183.8 min) was shorter than in the pre-COVID group (212.2 min), but did not meet the statistically significant threshold. There were no significant differences in complication rate (infection rates, nonunion rates, and reoperation rates) between groups.Conclusion: COVID-19 did not affect the waiting time for the treatment of open fractures and did not impact the outcomes or complications of open fracture treatment at Vajira Hospital. This may be attributed to the hospital’s strict criteria for emergency surgeries, prioritizing critically needed cases, ensuring timely and standard treatment.

Rabbitfish (Siganus sp.) is an economically valuable fishery commodity widely consumed in eastern Indonesia, with increasing demand for animal protein. Indonesia’s rabbitfish production rose steadily from 13.6 million tons in 2011 to 22.6 million tons in 2016 but declined after 2017, reaching 21.8 million tons in 2021. Most of this production came from capture fisheries, with only a small portion from the aquaculture sector. To address the declining production, sustainable farming development is essential to improve the stability of rabbitfish supply. The waters of Moyohilir, Sumbawa Regency, exhibit strong potential for rabbitfish cultivation. However, a comprehensive site suitability assessment is essential before initiating aquaculture activities. This study utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze spatial suitability for floating net cage systems. Primary water quality data, namely temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, brightness, nitrate, phosphate, and seabed type, were collected from 40 purposively selected sampling points. Secondary data on current speed and water depth were obtained from 2023 bathymetric and wind speed datasets. All parameters were analyzed geospatially using ArcGIS version 10.8. The results revealed three suitability classes: Less Suitable (39.98%; 479.86 ha), Moderately Suitable (48.38%; 595.4 ha), and Suitable (12.64%; 155.57 ha). Based on this assessment, 10% of the Moderately Suitable and Suitable areas, equivalent to 75.1 ha, are recommended for cultivation. This area has the potential to produce up to 117.55 tons of rabbitfish per cycle, supported by 830 floating net cage units, assuming a 60% survival rate.