Nebrija University

One of the critical benchmarks for understanding orthographic processing during word recognition and reading is the transposed-letter effect (e.g., in lexical decision, CHOLOCATE [created by transposing two letters from CHOCOLATE] produces slower and more error responses than CHOTONATE). Two main theoretical frameworks explain this phenomenon: positional uncertainty models, which attribute the effect to uncertainty in letter position encoding that diminishes over time, and open bigram models, which propose a level of ordered pairs of letters between the letter and word levels that may be more resilient to decay. We designed two delayed lexical decision experiments to test whether the transposed-letter effect vanishes or persists at two time delays (750ms and 1,500ms). In Experiment 1, a robust transposed-letter effect in accuracy emerged at 750ms (9.6%) but diminished to a small (2.9%) yet reliable effect at 1,500ms. Experiment 2 replicated this pattern with a contrast manipulation on the critical letters (e.g., CHOLOCATE vs CHOTONATE), yielding a slightly smaller transposed-letter effect (2.0%) at 1,500ms. These findings demonstrate that positional uncertainty diminishes over time, yet residual orthographic overlap persists, particularly for a subset of participants, supporting hybrid accounts that combine bottom-up perceptual refinement with top-down contributions from shared sublexical codes (e.g., open bigrams).

Purpose This study aims to advance the understanding of tourism destination ecosystems amid smart tourism transformations by exploring an extended destination ecosystem. It focuses on its structure, integration patterns of tourism and non-tourism actors, networking behaviours, mediation engagement and ecosystem leadership. Design/methodology/approach This study employs the digital network to examine the ecosystem’s structure and behaviours. Using databases and web crawling, it identifies 36,813 entities and analyses relationships among 1,117 key actors. Findings Strong integration with tourism actors makes ICT actors and various institutional and socioeconomic non-tourism (ISEN) actors indispensable ecosystem components. ICT actors, mostly foreign, play a central role, with general ICT outperforming travel tech. However, prioritising ICT ties alone is insufficient for ecosystem leadership or deeper integration for tourism actors. Links to ISEN actors, alongside ICT actors, high connectivity and diverse ties are essential for leadership. Connections to other tourism actors are relevant for greater integration and mediation. Networking behaviours of destination management organisations and public bodies differed from those observed across other sectors. Practical implications Tourism governance and management should engage actors beyond core tourism sectors to foster resilient ecosystems, while businesses aiming for greater leadership should diversify networks beyond ICT actors. Actionable recommendations are provided. Originality/value This research introduces a novel methodological approach and expands smart tourism frameworks with empirical evidence on diverse actor integration in the extended destination ecosystem. It highlights relationships between actors’ networking behaviours, integration levels, mediation engagement and ecosystem leadership.

Abstract Although the relevance of the dynamic nature of teams has generated a thriving literature, contributions have originated from a variety of disciplines. This situation has hindered scholarly understanding and collaboration. To assess the state of the dynamic teams’ field in an unbiased and comprehensive way, a literature review relying upon bibliometric techniques combined with content analysis was conducted. Considering all disciplines that have examined the subject, this study aimed at defining its knowledge structure, identifying its main research lines, methods, and key theoretical framework. Results revealed eight research lines. Teams/teamwork, membership change, performance, dynamic team, and membership change were found as the motor themes. In turn, decentralised control, access control, multi-robot system, and distributed system were found as themes that are either emerging or disappearing. The latter themes, related to the engineering and computing fields, are emerging and are likely to become central and developed. Future research lines are suggested.

The 2025 ISSAC conference in Guanajuato, Mexico, marks the 50th event in this significant series, making it an ideal moment to reflect on the field’s history. This paper reviews the formative years of symbolic computation up to 1975, fifty years ago. By revisiting a period unfamiliar to most current participants, this survey aims to shed light on once-pressing issues that are now largely resolved and to highlight how some of today’s challenges were recognized earlier than expected.

The human voice is an invaluable tool for communication, carrying information about a speaker's emotional state and cognitive health. Recent research highlights the potential of acoustic biomarkers to detect early signs of mental health and neurodegenerative conditions. Despite their promise, vocal biomarkers remain underutilized in clinical settings, with limited standardized protocols for assessment. This Perspective article argues for the integration of acoustic biomarkers into digital health solutions to improve the detection and monitoring of cognitive impairment and emotional disturbances. Advances in speech analysis and machine learning have demonstrated the feasibility of using voice features such as pitch, jitter, shimmer, and speech rate to assess these conditions. Moreover, we propose that singing, particularly simple melodic structures, could be an effective and accessible means of gathering vocal biomarkers, offering additional insights into cognitive and emotional states. Given its potential to engage multiple neural networks, singing could function as an assessment tool and an intervention strategy for individuals with cognitive decline. We highlight the necessity of further research to establish robust, reproducible methodologies for analyzing vocal biomarkers and standardizing voice-based diagnostic approaches. By integrating vocal analysis into routine health assessments, clinicians and researchers could significantly advance early detection and personalized interventions for cognitive and emotional disorders.

En el presente artículo se investiga la reacción al movimiento feminista atendiendo a dos actores: Un Tío Blanco Hetero (UTBH) y el partido político español Vox. El objetivo es comprender, en términos de la comunicación política, los marcos de interpretación del movimiento feminista que se están disputando. La metodología de la investigación es, en el caso de UTBH, un análisis de contenido cualitativo de 23 vídeos entre el 2018 y 2022. Para el análisis de Vox, se analizan aleatoriamente una de cada cuatro comisiones de igualdad desde el 2020 hasta el 2023, empleando la herramienta de análisis Voyant TOols para detectar las variables del discurso. En las conclusiones, destacamos coincidencias entre UTBH y Vox en la negación de la violencia masculina. También se percibe un interés de ambos actores por la maternidad. En UTBH, una diferenciación que posiciona socialmente de forma positiva a las mujeres con respecto a los hombres; en Vox, el destino que les corresponde a las mujeres por naturaleza.

El turismo se recupera de la crisis de la covid-19 a la vez que debe reducir su huella de carbono. Además, la disposición a pagar más por un turismo sostenible varía según el destino y el perfil del viajero.

Batteries are essential for the functionality of electric vehicles (EVs), leading to their design with enhanced performance and durability. Consequently, traction batteries are often replaced while they still retain the properties for use in less stressful demanding applications, with lower power and storage requirements. This serves as a notable opportunity for circular economy. The energy management system presented is designed with lithium-ion batteries coming from EVs and repurposed for electricity storage as a smart backup solution for buildings. The system buys and stores energy from the grid during low-cost periods and utilizes the stored electricity to feed the demand, avoiding high electricity prices and smoothing out peak consumptions exceeding a predefined power limit. To illustrate the proposal, a case study is presented based on the Spanish market, analyzing the impact on the electricity savings for end consumers as well as the extended second-life estimation for a pack of batteries. The analysis of the results will help assess if the system is both economically feasible and environmentally sustainable from a circular economy point of view.