Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy

The effect of ultrasound (5, 10 and 20 min, intensity 25 kW/m2, frequency 26.1 kHz) on the dynamics of the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and the expression of the genes encoding them (SOD-1, CAT, POD) was studied in germinating seeds and wheat sprouts. Ultrasound after 1 hour predominantly suppressed the activity of antioxidant enzymes, with subsequent restoration and increase (after 1 and 6 days) of activity. The content of mRNA transcripts of the studied genes predominantly increased 1 hour after exposure, and subsequently (after 1 and 6 days) it was either higher or remained equal to the control. The results obtained apparently indicate that ultrasound triggers eustress mechanisms, i. e. the stimulating effect led to the mobilization of protective processes of cells – hormesis.

The effects of ultrasonic exposure durations (5, 10 and 20 min) with intensity of 25 kW/m2 and the frequency of 26.1 kHz on the extent of lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, the activity of cysteine proteinases, and gene expression in germinating pea seeds were studied. It has been shown that the intensity in the area that had seeds planted (just over the central ultrasound generator) was rather uniformly distributed, but at the same time gave rise to diffuse reflection. A range of tendencies in changes of the indicators under study were seen after ultrasound exposure. The level of malonic dialdehyde increased with increasing duration of ultrasound exposure. This study revealed the increased amount of oxidized proteins in germinating pea seeds after a 10 min-exposure to ultrasound, and a decrease in the level of oxidative modification of proteins present in seeds subjected to ultrasound for a period of 20 min. The activity of cysteine proteinases was higher in pea seeds after a 5-min exposure to ultrasound, but the amount of mRNA transcripts increased in all experimental samples.

Biological specimens are the most difficult to study as almost exclusively light elements are considered, a little visibility yielded and structures are sparsely distinguishable. In addition cell structures are easily damaged on any stage of microscopic exploration. The optimal solution is to study their phase changes using laser interference microscopy. The method is based on the analysis of refractive index of intracellular medium of cells with subsequent computer analysis and processing of phase images followed by three-dimensional reconstruction of the object. The obtained images are digitally recorded, and any point of view can be introduced for viewing. This work uses laser interference microscopy followed by 3D reconstruction of cell images to study blood cells: neutrophils and erythrocytes by 3D reconstruction of neutrophils have demonstrated changes of their functional activity under technological stress, while 3D reconstruction of erythrocytes revealed a violation of the normal discoidal cell shape. Interpretation of the obtained data indicates a restructuring of the cellular component of nonspecific resistance and deterioration of the oxygen transport function of erythrocytes under technological stress. Visualization of interference patterns of blood cells through 3D image processing allows obtaining n a vital analysis of cells, the technique that is not available for other methods of microscopy, in particular light microscopy, which is traditionally used as a prognostic method of the state of the body. This direction represents the most important condition for further development of works in the field of cell diagnostics. The obtained results prove the applicability of 3D reconstruction of cell images for bioscanning of technological stress.

Abstract—The purpose of this study was to assess the modification of the intrinsic crystal formation of blood serum under the action of alternating currents of different frequencies (40, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz). An experiment was carried out on ten samples of blood serum from practically healthy individuals; each sample was divided into four portions: a control and three experimental portions, which were treated with alternating current at a frequency of 40, 100, and 1000 kHz. The effect of exposure was assessed by the crystalloscopy method using morphological and morphometric analysis. It was found that the effect of alternating current on human blood serum samples led to a modification of the crystallogenic activity of the biological fluid, which manifested itself both in qualitative changes in the morphological pattern (facies) and in shifts in morphometric parameters (crystallizability, structural index, degree of the facies destruction, and clarity of the edge of the protein zone). At the same time, it has been shown that the dependence of this modulating effect depends on the frequency response; moreover, the most pronounced shifts of crystalloscopic parameters relative to the control sample, which was not subjected to any manipulation, were found for a frequency of 40 kHz, while minimum shifts occurred at a frequency of 1 MHz.

Nowadays, the issue of efficient desalination and treatment of seawater for its further use in various domains of human activity is of much interest worldwide. There are plenty of known treatment techniques. This research paper discusses the method of hydrodynamic cavitation treatment in a heat generator in various modes and proves the performance efficiency of this method. The process of treating saline solutions of different concentrations and registration of electric conductivity of solutions are studied. The possibility of changing the concentration of salt in the solution by treating it in a vortex cavitation heat generator is undertaken. The efficiency of the cavitation process depends on the temperature of the working environment: with the temperature increase, the desalination intensity decreases. Two possible scenarios of the process are revealed, i.e., the decrease in the concentration of salt in the solution or its increase in the presence of a salt source. When working on depleted solutions with a salinity of 1÷5 ‰ at high temperatures, the reverse diffusion of previously adsorbed salts from the internal surfaces into the solution takes place. When working on solutions of elevated concentrations in the same high-temperature range, the reverse diffusion decreases and at a salinity of 67 ‰, its effect ceases, since the concentration of salts on the inner surfaces becomes comparable to the concentration of the solution. The hypothesis of centrifugal separation of salts from water is experimentally proved.

The aim of this research was to study the peculiarities of heart rate variability (HRV) and microcirculation in students, depending on their sport specialization. Methods and Results: Our study included the results of a survey of 96 students from 18 to 21 years of age who were the members of the national teams of their universities in athletics (n=49) and floorball (n=47). For ECG registration and analysis of hemodynamic findings, including those characterizing the HRV, we used the “Medical Soft” sports testing system (“MS FIT Pro”). For monitoring, we used the standard hemodynamic patterns (blood pressure, HR, stroke volume, cardiac output, and others), statistical and spectral indicators of the HRV, as well as an integral criterion of the state of microcirculation. The studied HRV parameters in most students generally were within the age range. At the same time, track and field athletes have large adaptive resources and, consequently, a more optimal level of myocardial fitness, in comparison with floorball players. Conclusion: The orientation of sports training among students affects heart condition.

Modern research in the field of functional state of the body combines a wide range of methods and approaches to the study of the mechanisms of interaction of body systems, providing a variety of algorithms for adaptive human activity to environmental factors, taking into account the physical fitness of the individual. Component indicators of body composition are the most important indicators that give an objective assessment of the functional status of various groups of people [3], including students, allowing them to objectively and effectively plan physical activity and carry out the educational and training process. In the article, the aim of the study was to analyze the parameters of the component composition of the body of students of the medical university of Nizhny Novgorod. The study was conducted at the Department of Physical Culture and Sports of the Volga Research Medical University, the number of subjects was 128 young men, at the age of 18-20 years. For the organization of testing and identification of components of the body composition, the system of sports testing "MedicalSoft" was used. For monitoring, the ratio of body fat and muscle mass, body mass index, the amount of water in the body, including extracellular and intracellular, visceral adipose tissue, basic metabolism and consumption of calories per day, and the integral score of body composition were used. The data analysis was correlated with the age standards formed by the equipment developers. The comparative characteristics of the obtained results are presented, it is established that all indicators are within the age standard, it is possible to distinguish the presence of a good muscular corset, but it is necessary to observe the level of extracellular water, which indirectly characterizes the presence of hyperhydration and edema. This comprehensive hardware examination allows you to evaluate a wide range of morphological and physiological parameters of the body, and can also have a positive effect on the optimal organization of the educational process in physical culture, planning and rationing of individual physical activity in the course of classes.

The aim of this work is specification of biophysical technologies in estimation of human saliva dehydration structurization. Materials and methods. We study saliva specimens by 95 healthy 24—27 years old adults. Specialties of own and initiated (by 0.1%, 0.9% and 10% solutions of sodium chloride; 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution; 0.01 N potassium hydroxide solution) saliva structurization at dehydration on hard padding were estimated with system of morphometric parameters and spectrometry investigation. The range of estimated parameters of crystallography included: crystallizability, structure index, type of interaction of crystalline and amorphous structures, facies destruction degree, uniformity of crystal distribution, expression of cellular structure, edge zone and other facies zones. To describe teziographic facies we used: main teziographic coefficient, belts coefficient crystallinity, and the rest parameters are the same ones for crystalloscopy. We used 3 wave lengths (300, 350 and 400 nm) for spectrometry of dehydrated specimens. Role of saliva temperature, pH and osmolarity in biological fluid structurization was fixed. Results. Teziocrystalloscopic and spectrometric patterns of dehydration of samples of oral fluid of healthy humans was established according to a new system of evaluation criteria. It was stated, that saliva dehydration is dynamic process of its liquid component elimination, determined by its composition. Micro- and macro-environment factors (temperature, pH, and osmolarity) affect on saliva dehydration results considerably.