Northern Research Institute

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of production costs and profitability from economic activities at the training and production site of JSC Babaevsky Lespromkhoz. The results show a high share of depreciation in the cost structure and identify key factors affecting the cost of various types of farming. The overall profitability of production is confirmed by the calculation of profitability, which indicates the economic efficiency of an intensive model of using forest resources, provided that costs are further optimized, primarily for the maintenance of fixed assets.

Out-of-classroom Education and Outreach (E&O) initiatives can improve the uptake of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) courses at higher education and can help address gender balances within the fields. Arctic Frontiers, a non-profit organisation based in Tromsø, Norway, has been running various projects under the Young Program banner since 2012. Through their four programs, ranging in levels from Kindergarten to Early Career Professionals (and ages from 5 to 35), over 3000 individuals have been exposed to Arctic research and science through workshops, mentoring, career seminars and excursions. With the rate of climate change in the Arctic and the geopolitical changes in the region, E&O initiatives focusing on Arctic science are now even more crucial, but potentially more challenging to run. This study outlines the main educational activities and the best practices from the last decade, to provide a template for science communication and outreach. Additionally, a first analysis of the reach and success of the program is provided, by identifying trends in participant numbers, geographical interest and demographic identifiers. At both the education and career level, Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) subjects are typically still characterised by an imbalance in gender and lack of minority groups across the globe (Gibney, 2016) . Greater numbers of skilled and educated people (especially women) in STEM fields will benefit many nations who are struggling to find skilled workers, as well as increasing innovative potential and readdressing gender imbalances (Bøe et al. 2011) . The Arctic nations are no exception. In Norway, where more women are studying at university than men, only 30% of full professor positions are held by women (Lekve and Gunnes, 2022). In Canada, only 4% of Indigenous Peoples pursue an education in STEM (Cole et al. 2022). Therefore, there are still large inequalities in access to STEM education for minority groups, and a lack of support for women continuing their careers in academia (Pew Research Center, 2021). In the Arctic and northern regions of the Arctic nations, there is an additional issue facing STEM fields. Out-migration of skilled workers to southern urban centres and capital cities (all located outside of the Arctic Circle) is a common trend across

Out-of-classroom Education and Outreach (E&O) initiatives can improve the uptake of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) courses at higher education and can help address gender balances within the fields. Arctic Frontiers, a non-profit organisation based in Tromsø, Norway, has been running various projects under the Young Program banner since 2012. Through their four programs, ranging in levels from Kindergarten to Early Career Professionals (and ages from 5 to 35), over 3000 individuals have been exposed to Arctic research and science through workshops, mentoring, career seminars and excursions. With the rate of climate change in the Arctic and the geopolitical changes in the region, E&O initiatives focusing on Arctic science are now even more crucial, but potentially more challenging to run. This study outlines the main educational activities and the best practices from the last decade, to provide a template for science communication and outreach. Additionally, a first analysis of the reach and success of the program is provided, by identifying trends in participant numbers, geographical interest and demographic identifiers. At both the education and career level, Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) subjects are typically still characterised by an imbalance in gender and lack of minority groups across the globe (Gibney, 2016) . Greater numbers of skilled and educated people (especially women) in STEM fields will benefit many nations who are struggling to find skilled workers, as well as increasing innovative potential and readdressing gender imbalances (Bøe et al. 2011) . The Arctic nations are no exception. In Norway, where more women are studying at university than men, only 30% of full professor positions are held by women (Lekve and Gunnes, 2022). In Canada, only 4% of Indigenous Peoples pursue an education in STEM (Cole et al. 2022). Therefore, there are still large inequalities in access to STEM education for minority groups, and a lack of support for women continuing their careers in academia (Pew Research Center, 2021). In the Arctic and northern regions of the Arctic nations, there is an additional issue facing STEM fields. Out-migration of skilled workers to southern urban centres and capital cities (all located outside of the Arctic Circle) is a common trend across

Условия роста древесных растений, обусловленные климатическими факторами, почвенно-гидрологическим режимом, а также техногенными нагрузками, оказывают определенное влияние на формирование произрастающей древесины и ее плотность. Результаты проведенных ранее исследований не позволяют сделать однозначный вывод о влиянии условий местопроизрастания на базисную плотность формирующейся древесины сосны обыкновенной. Цель проведенных исследований -изучение изменчивости базисной плотности древесины сосны обыкновенной с учетом условий роста в северо-восточной части ее естественного ареала произрастания. Объектами исследования выступали насаждения сосны обыкновенной естественного происхождения, V-VI класса возраста, произрастающие в северо-восточной части ареала (северотаежный район европейской части Российской Федерации, Двинско-Вычегодский таежный район, район притундровых лесов и редкостойной тайги Европейско-Уральской части Российской Федерации). В результате проведенного исследования авторами выявлено, что базисная плотность древесины сосны обыкновенной, произрастающей в древостоях V-VI класса возраста в северо-восточной части ареала своего распространения, составляет 473 кг/м 3 . Базисная плотность древесины варьирует в пределах отдельных локаций, и результаты проведенных исследований носят фрагментарный характер. В результате исследований установлено, что с улучшением условий местопроизрастания величина базисной плотности снижается. Также установлено, что при увеличении расстояния от источников эмиссии вредных веществ в атмосферу базисная плотность древесины сосны уменьшается.

From the Feynman path integration theory of view, the Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect would not be observed for one definite two-photon propagation path, as well as the superbunching effect. Here, temporal and spatial superbunching effects are measured from a pair of modulated distinguishable classical lights. These interesting phenomena are realized by passing two orthogonal polarized laser beams through two rotating ground glass plates in sequence. To understand the underlying physical process, the intensity fluctuation correlation theory is developed to describe the superbunching effect in the temporal and spatial domains, which agrees with experimental results well. Such experimental results are conducive to the study of the superbunching effect, which plays an important role in improving the performance in related applications, such as the contrast of ghost imaging.

The article summarizes the results of long-term observations of the status of roach stocks in the main fishing waters of the Republic of Karelia (Lake Onega, Lake Ladoga, Vodlozerо and Topo-Pyaozerо reservoirs, Lake Syamozero). New data on its biology (distribution, linear and weight indicators, abundance, biomass) have been presented. There has been shown the dynamics of roach catch for a long-term period (1950–2017). It has been found that the fishing capacity of the represented roach populations corresponds to the production capabilities of its mature part and to the value obtained by biomass growth. The results of observations showed that in the studied water bodies the number and stocks of roach allow for greater volumes of catch than it is currently available and the total catch can be increased up to the calculated values of the allowable catch subject to rational fishing in the water bodies. Roach should be commercially caught at the age of 4+ years old. Given the interspecific contradictions of roach and bream, intensive fishing is recommended during the period of spawning in the straits, bays and mouths of rivers. For catching roach, it is necessary to use coastal-type fishing gear (trap nets, seines). The intensity of fishing and the increase in catches in reservoirs should be considered as mandatory measures in terms of biological reclamation in water bodies. When allocating catch quotas, the priority should be given to the most productive roach suppliers. The accompanying factor for the wide distribution of roach, along with other spring-spawning carp species (blue bream, bream), in our opinion, is warming of the climate in the region. In this regard, it is necessary to take measures to force catching the above fish species.

Routine bridge inspections usually consist of visual observations. These inspections are time-consuming and subjective. There is a need to identify new inspection techniques for infrastructure that reduce traffic disturbance, and improve the efficiency and reliability of the acquired data. This study compared the performance of three different imaging technologies for the three-dimensional (3D) geometric modeling of existing structures: terrestrial laser scanning, close-range photogrammetry, and infrared scanning. Each technology was used to assess six existing concrete railway bridges. The technologies were compared in terms of geometric deviations, visualization capabilities, the level of the inspector’s experience, and degree of automation. The results suggest that all methods investigated can be used to create 3D models, however, with different level of completeness. Measurements such as span length, deck widths, etc. can be extracted with good accuracy. Although promising, a full off-site inspection is currently not feasible as some areas of the bridges were difficult to capture mainly due to restricted access and narrow spaces. Measurements based on terrestrial laser scanning were closer to the reality compared to photogrammetry and infrared scanning. The study indicates the no special training is needed for photogrammetry and infrared scanning to generate a 3D geometric model.

Background: The authors present a case study of a public health campaign, including social media, and aiming at maximizing the use of web app on sexual health. Objective: To analyze the impact of a Facebook fan page, Facebook advertisements, and posters to maximize the number of visits to the educational web app. Methods: The campaign is assessed for 1 year, using data tracked through Facebook statistics and Google Analytics. Results: The site had 3670 visits (10.1 visitors/day, 95%CI 8.7-11.4). During the one-month Facebook Ads campaign, the site received 1263 visits (42.1 visitors/day, 95%CI 37.3-46.9), multiplying by over four the average number of visitors/day. 34.4% of all the participants were recruited during the one-month Facebook ads campaign. Conclusions: Facebook advertisements seem to be a good tool to promote an educational web app on sexual health targeting youth, and to reach a huge number of users rapidly and at a low cost.

Upgrading existing buildings to new functional requirements may require new openings that can weaken the structure, prompting the need for strengthening. In such cases traditional strengthening solutions, such as creating a reinforced concrete (RC) or steel frame around the opening, imply long-term restrictions in the use of the structure compared to solutions that use externally bonded composites. Two fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites were used in this study to restore the capacity of panels with newly created door type openings to that of a solid panel. Five half-scale RC panels acting as two-way action compression members were tested to failure. Two full-field optical deformation measurement systems were used to monitor and analyze the global structural response of each tested panel (i.e., crack pattern, failure mechanism, and displacement/strain fields). The performance of existing design methods for RC panels has been assessed in comparison with the experimental results. The capacity of strengthened panels with small openings (450×1,050 mm) was entirely restored to that of the solid panel. However, for panels with large openings (900×1,050 mm), only 75% of the solid panel’s capacity was restored. The capacity of the strengthened panels was about 175 and 150% higher compared to that of reference panels with small and large openings, respectively.

This study describes rapid prototype construction of small and lightweight push broom Hyper Spectral Imagers (HSI). The dispersive element housings are printed by a thermoplastic 3D printer combined with S-mount optical components and commercial off-the-shelf camera heads. Four models with a mass less than 200 g are presented with a spectral range in the visible to the near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The bandpass is in the range from 1.4 - 5 nm. Three test experiments with motorized gimbals to stabilize attitude show that the instruments are capable of push broom spectral imaging from various platforms, including airborne drone to handheld operations.